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Progress and challenges for replacing n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone/polyvinylidene fluoride slurry formulations in lithium-ion battery cathodes

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2024年第01期34卷 194-206页

作者： Sung Cik mun Yeong Hoon Jeon Jong Ho Won Battery Materials Research Center LG Chem Department of Energy Engineering Dankook University

With electric vehicles, energy storage systems, and portable electronic devices becoming increasingly popular, the demand for lithium-ion batteries has surged considerably. In the lithium-ion battery industry, n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone(NMP) is widely used as the solvent for cathode slurry, and polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) is used as the cathode binder. However, because of the harmful effect of NMP on the environment and human health, the use of NMP and PVDF for lithium-ion batteries will be highly regulated in the future. Therefore, developing eco-friendly alternatives is crucial for formulating systems using new solvents and binders. Despite numerous efforts, these alternatives have not been widely adopted across the lithium-ion battery industry. It is due to their limited ability to compete on price or performance to replace the traditional NMP/PVDF slurry formulations. This review investigates developments in the search for new solvents and binders that can be used in cathode slurry compositions. The new systems can potentially decrease energy consumption and manufacturing costs associated with NMP recovery, energy-intensive drying processes, and material expenses. We discuss key factors and technical challenges from earlier studies and compare them with the current, optimized formulations based on NMP and PVDF.

关键词： Lithium-ion battery Eco-friendly alternative Slurry formulation Chemical regulation Binder performance

Modification strategies improving the electrochemical and structural stability of high-Ni cathode materials

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第9期96卷 185-205页

作者： Yoon Bo Sim Hami Lee Junyoung mun Ki Jae Kim Department of Energy Science Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon 16419Republic of Korea School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon 16419Republic of Korea SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology(SIEST) Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon 16419Republic of Korea

With the increasing spotlight in electric vehicles,there is a growing demand for high-energy-density batteries to enhance driving ***,several studies have been conducted on high-energy-density LiNi_(x)Co_(y)Mn_(z)O_(2)***,there is a limit to permanent performance deterioration because of side reactions caused by moisture in the atmosphere and continuous microcracks during cycling as the Ni content to express high energy increases and the content of Mn and Co that maintain structural and electrochemical stabilization *** direct modification of the surface and bulk regions aims to enhance the capacity and long-term performance of high-Ni cathode ***,an efficient modification requires a study based on a thorough understanding of the degradation mechanisms in the surface and bulk *** this review,a comprehensive analysis of various modifications,including doping,coating,concentration gradient,and single crystals,is conducted to solve degradation issues along with an analysis of the overall degradation mechanism occurring in high-Ni cathode *** also summarizes recent research developments related to the following modifications,aims to provide notable points and directions for post-studies,and provides valuable references for the commercialization of stable high-energy-density cathode materials.

关键词： High energy density High-Ni cathode materials Degradation Structural stability Lithium-ion battery

Fabrication of La,Ce co-doped ZnO nanorods for improving photodegradation of methylene blue

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第1期42卷 76-83,I0003页

作者： Erfan Hakim Azmal Zaid Jin-Chung Sin Sze-mun Lam Abdul Rahman Mohamed School of Chemical Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia(USM)14300Nibong TebalPenangMalaysia College of Environmental Science and Engineering Guilin University of TechnologyGuilin541004China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control Guilin University of TechnologyGuilin541004China Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area Guilin University of TechnologyGuilin541004China Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology Universiti Tunku Abdul RahmanJalan UniversitiBandar Barat31900KamparPerakMalaysia

La,Ce co-doped ZnO nanorods(ZnLC)were synthesized through a one-step solvothermal *** photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction,Raman spectroscopy,field-emission scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive X-ray,transmission electron microscopy,UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and photo luminescence *** La and Ce doping enhanced the visible light absorption ability of ZnLC and a red shift was detected for *** simulated solar light irradiation,the ZnO doped with 3 at%La and 1 at%Ce(ZnLC1)degrades methylene blue(MB)more effectively than those of pure ZnO,La-doped ZnO(ZnL)and commercially available *** improved photocatalytic performance of ZnLC1 can be attributed to the high charge separation efficiency as demonstrated by the photoluminescence ***,the photocatalytic experiments reveal that several parameters have their own impact on the MB *** a variety of radical scavengers,it is discovered that superoxide anion radical plays a crucial role in the degradation of *** ZnLC1 is also reused several times without noticeable decrease of photoactivity,indicating that it has a substantial potential for environmental remediation applications.

关键词： ZnO Lanthanum Cerium Co-doping Photodegradation Rare earths

Study on 6-DOF active vibration-isolation system of the ultra-precision turning lathe based on GA-BP-PID control for dynamic loads

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Advances in Manufacturing 2024年第1期12卷 33-60页

作者： Bo Wang Zhong Jiang Pei-da Hu Department of Precision Instrument Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084People’s Republic of China Institute of Machinery Manufacturing Technology China Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyang621900SichuanPeople’s Republic of China

The vibration disturbance from an external environment affects the machining accuracy of ultra-precision machining *** active vibration-isolation systems(AVIS)have been developed based on static *** a vibration-isolation load changes dynamically during ultra-precision turning lathe machining,the system parameters change,and the efficiency of the active vibration-isolation system based on the traditional control strategy *** solve this problem,this paper proposes a vibration-isolation control strategy based on a genetic algorithm-back propagation neural network-PID control(GA-BP-PID),which can automatically adjust the control parameters according to the machining ***-isolation simulations and experiments based on passive vibration isolation,a PID algorithm,and the GA-BP-PID algorithm under dynamic load machining conditions were *** experimental results demonstrated that the active vibration-isolation control strategy designed in this study could effectively attenuate vibration disturbances in the external environment under dynamic load *** design is reasonable and feasible.

关键词： Ultra-precision diamond turning lathe Active vibration isolation Six degrees of freedom Dynamic load Genetic algorithm-back propagation neural network-PID(GA-BP-PID)control

Small-scale self-driving cars:A systematic literature review

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2024年第2期11卷 271-292页

作者： Felipe Caleffi Lauren da Silva Rodrigues Joice da Silva Stamboroski Brenda Medeiros Pereira Autonomous Vehicles Laboratory Federal University of Santa MariaCachoeira do Sul 96503-205Brazil Mobility and Logistics Laboratory Federal University of Santa MariaCachoeira do Sul 96503-205Brazil

The autonomous vehicle(AV)technology has the potential to significantly improve safety and efficiency of the transportation and logistics ***-scale AV testing is limited by time,space,and cost,while simulation-based testing often lacks the necessary accuracy of AV and environmental *** recent years,several initiatives have emerged to test autonomous software and hardware on scaled *** systematic literature review provides an overview of the literature surrounding small-scale self-driving cars,summarizing the current autonomous platforms deployed and focusing on the software and hardware developments in this *** studies published in English-language journals or conference papers that present small-scale testing of self-driving cars were *** of Science,Scopus,Springer Link,Wiley,ACM Digital Library,and TRID databases were used for the literature *** systematic literature search found 38 eligible *** gaps in the reviewed papers were identified to provide guidance for future *** key takeaway emerging from this manuscript are:(i)there is a need to improve the models and neural network architectures used in autonomous driving systems,as most papers present only preliminary results;(ii)increasing datasets and sharing databases can help in developing more reliable control policies and reducing bias and variance in the training process;(iii)small-scaled vehicles to ensure safety is a major benefit,and incorporating data about unsafe driving behaviors and infrastructure problems can improve the accuracy of predictive models.

关键词： Self-driving car Autonomous vehicle Small-scale vehicle Systematic literature review

Tetradentate Pt(Ⅱ)complex as a singlet exciton sensitizing host for highly efficient green fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes

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Science China Materials 2024年第8期67卷 2618-2627页

作者： Unhyeok Jo Seung Chan Kim Chan Hee Ryu Kang mun Lee Jae-Min Kim Jun Yeob Lee School of Chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University2066Seobu-roJangan-guSuwon-siGyeonggi-do 16419Republic of Korea Department of Chemistry Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion TechnologyKangwon National UniversityChuncheonGangwon 24341Republic of Korea Department of Advanced Materials Engineering Chung-Ang University4726Seodong-daeroDaedeok-myeonAnseong-siGyeonggi-do 17546Republic of Korea SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology Sungkyunkwan University2066Seobu-roJangan-guSuwonGyeonggi 16419Republic of Korea SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology Sungkyunkwan University2066Seobu-roJangan-guSuwonGyeonggi 16419Republic of Korea

Efficient green fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes were designed with a phosphorescent metal complex as a singlet exciton sensitizing host(SESH)for achieving high efficiency and low efficiency roll-off through exciton and polaron *** Pt(Ⅱ)complex(Pt-Trz)possessing a tetradentate ligand with a bulky blocking group not only suppresses the severe formation of excimer or dimer itself but also transfers radiative excitons to fluorescent dopant *** SESH assisted fluorescence(SESHF)device with Pt-Trz as the host exhibits the maximum external quantum efficiency of 13.3%and a lower efficiency roll-off compared with exciplex host device which is a general approach for harvesting triplet *** exciton dynamics modeling unravels that the SESHF device effectively utilizes triplet excitons in the host by intersystem crossing and resonance energy transfer from the triplet state of the host to the singlet state of the terminal *** quenching rates of the SESHF device are reduced by 11 times for triplet-triplet annihilation and 1.8 times for tripletpolaron annihilation compared with the exciplex device,which demonstrates that Pt-Trz could be a platform to be used as an efficient host for fluorophores.

关键词： singlet annihilation polaron

On entire solutions of some Fermat type differential-difference equations

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Applied Mathematics(A Journal of Chinese Universities) 2024年第1期39卷 69-88页

作者： LONG Jian-ren QIN da-zhuan School of Mathematical Sciences Guizhou Normal UniversityGuiyang 550025China

On one hand,we study the existence of transcendental entire solutions with finite order of the Fermat type difference *** the other hand,we also investigate the existence and growth of solutions of nonlinear different... 详细信息

关键词： entire solutions differential-difference equations existence finite order

On the global smooth solutions of 3D incompressible Hall-MHD equations

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Applied Mathematics(A Journal of Chinese Universities) 2024年第2期39卷 319-327页

作者： YUE Gao-cheng SUN Wen-da School of Mathematics Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 211106China

The present paper is devoted to the well-posedness issue for the 3D incompressible Hall-MHD system obtained from kinetic models. Our analysis strongly relies on the use of the Fourier analysis. We establish the global existence of smooth solutions for a class of large initial data, this result implies the initial velocity and magnetic field can be arbitrarily large.

关键词： 3D Hall-MHD well-posedness Fourier analysis

Quantized bound states around a vortex in anisotropic superconductors

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第6期67卷 146-155页

作者： Ke Xiang da Wang Qiang-Hua Wang National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures&School of Physics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing 210093China

The bound states around a vortex in anisotropic superconductors is a longstanding yet important *** this work,we develop a variational theory on the basis of the Andreev approximation to obtain the energy levels and wave functions of the low-energy quantized bound states in superconductors with anisotropic pairing on arbitrary Fermi *** the case of circular Fermi surface,the effective Schr¨odinger equation yielding the bound state energies gets back to the theory proposed by Volovik and Kopnin many years *** generalization here enables us to prove the equidistant energy spectrum inside a vortex in a broader class of *** importantly,we are now able to obtain the wave functions of these bound states by projecting the quasiclassical wave function on the eigenmodes of the effective Schr¨odinger equation,going beyond the quasiclassical Eilenberger results,which,as we find,are sensitive to the scattering *** the case of isotropic Fermi surface,the spatial profile of the low-energy local density of states is dominated near the vortex center and elongates along the gap antinode directions,in addition to the ubiquitous Friedel oscillation arising from the quantum inteference neglected in the Eilenberger ***,as a consequence of the pairing anisotropy,the quantized wave functions develop a peculiar distribution of winding number,which reduces stepwise towards the vortex *** work provides a flexible way to study the vortex bound states in the future.

关键词： vortex bound state anisotropic superconductor Andreev approximation