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Chinese prototype building models for simulating the energy performance of the nationwide building stock

Building Simulation 2023年第8期16卷 1559-1582页

作者： Jingjing An Yi Wu Chenxi Gui da yan School of Environment and Energy Engineering Beijing University of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureBeijingChina Building Energy Research Center School of ArchitectureTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina

Building energy modeling(BEM)has become increasingly used in building energy conservation *** building models are developed to represent the typical urban building characteristics of a specific building type,meteorological conditions,and construction *** study included four residential buildings and 11 commercial buildings to represent nationwide building types in *** consideration of five climate zones and different construction years corresponding to national standards,a total of 151 prototype building models were *** building envelope properties,occupancy and energy-related behaviors,and heating,ventilation,and air-conditioning(HVAC)system characteristics were defined according to the corresponding building energy efficiency design standards,HVAC design standards,and through other sources,such as questionnaire surveys,on-site measurements,and literature,which reflect the real situation of existing buildings in *** on the developed prototype buildings,a large database of 9225 models in 270 cities was further developed to facilitate users to simulate building energy in different *** conclusion,the developed prototype building models can represent realistic building characteristics and construction practices of the most common residential and commercial buildings in China,serving as an important foundation for *** models can be used for analyses related to building energy conservation research on typical individual buildings,including energy-saving technologies,advanced controls,and new policies,and providing a reference for the development of building energy codes and standards.

关键词： prototype building models building stock modeling Chinese building building performance simulation energy conservation

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Future trends in intelligent lighting control systems:Integrated technologies,multi-system linkage and AI integration

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建筑模拟（英文版） 2024年第11期17卷 1909-1932页

作者： Jiaxin Chen Jingjing An da yan Xin Zhou School of Architecture Southeast UniversityNanjingJiangsu Province 210096China School of Environment and Energy Engineering Beijing University of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureBeijing 100084China School of Architecture Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Lighting energy consumption accounts for a considerable proportion of the total electricity consumption of a building;therefore,the lighting system of a building has great potential for energy *** the development of technology,intelligent lighting control systems are widely used in buildings and have good energy-saving *** reviews of intelligent lighting control systems have analyzed the research progress,advantages,and limitations of a single technology in depth,but have not yet summarized the combination of various technologies and the scope of ***,this study starts from the components of intelligent lighting control system and focuses on the data acquisition module and control *** on these two modules are analyzed from the aspects of multi-technology combination,combination with artificial intelligence and multi-system considerations,and the application scope and limitations of the related technologies are summarized to provide references for future engineering ***,based on the development overview of current research,this study explores research directions that can be further expanded in intelligent lighting control systems to handle future development trends.

关键词： building energy efficiency intelligent lighting occupancy detection illumination detection control strategy

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Advanced data analytics for building energy modeling and management

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Building Simulation 2021年第1期14卷 1-2页

作者： Cheng Fan Fu Xiao da yan Sino-Australia Joint Research Center in BIM and Smart Construction College of Civil and Transportation EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina Department of Building Services Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Building Energy Research Center School of ArchitectureTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina

The data-driven approach has been widely adopted in fault detection and diagnosis and optimal control of building energy systems for improving building performance since the 1980s,owing to the increasing demands for c... 详细信息

关键词： energy convenient analytic

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A global typical meteorological year(TMY)database on ERA5 dataset

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Building Simulation 2023年第6期16卷 1013-1026页

作者： Yi Wu Jingjing An Chenxi Gui Chan Xiao da yan Building Energy Research Center School of ArchitectureTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China School of Environment and Energy Engineering Beijing University of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureBeijing100044China National Climate Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijingChina

The outdoor climate condition is one of the deterministic factors influencing building energy *** performance simulation(BPS)tools usually adopt typical meteorological year(TMY)as the outdoor climate *** that many scholars and institutes have developed TMY datasets,these datasets are usually based on distinct data sources and *** the increase of international cooperation construction projects,compatible TMY dataset for different countries is in urgent *** paper presents a global typical meteorological year(TMY)database covering 38,947 stations worldwide based on the fifth-generation atmospheric reanalysis product released by the European Center(ERA5).The data is created with Chinese Standard Weather database(CSWD)method to reflect the average level of historical *** dataset is saved in a 55 GB database of compressed CSV files and a website is established where users can download their required TMY data for certain cities according to the longitude and latitude information.A systematic validation is conducted to confirm the feasibility of ERA5 as data source and validity of generated TMY *** TMY-ERA5 dataset is fundamental and essential in building system designs of international construction projects,building performance simulation,especially for some countries lacking ground meteorological stations or missing meteorological year data in the building *** can be used as references for other meteorological climate studies.

关键词： typical meteorological year atmospheric reanalysis data building simulation ERA5

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A data-driven model predictive control for lighting system based on historical occupancy in an office building: Methodology development

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Building Simulation 2021年第1期14卷 219-235页

作者： Yuan Jin da yan Xingxing Zhang Jingjing An Mengjie Han School of Architecture Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China School of Industrial Technology and Business Studies Dalarna UniversityFalun79188Sweden

The lighting system accounts for 8%of the total electricity consumption in commercial buildings in the United States and 12%of the total electricity consumption in public buildings *** consumption share can be effectively reduced using the demand-response *** traditional lighting system control method commonly depends on the real-time occupancy data collected using the passive infrared(PIR)***,the detection inaccuracy of the PIR sensor usually results in *** diminish the false-error frequency,the existing lighting system control simply deploys a delayed reaction period(e.g.,5 to 20 min),which is not sufficiently accurate for the demand-response ***,in this research,a novel data-driven model predictive control(MPC)method that is based on the temporal sequential-based artificial neural network(TS-ANN)is proposed to overcome this challenge using an updated historical occupancy *** an office as case study,the proposed model is also compared with the traditional lighting system control *** the proposed model,the occupancy data was trained to predict the occupancy pattern to improve the *** was found that the occupancy prediction mainly correlates with the historical occupancy ratio and the time sequential *** simulation results indicated that the proposed method achieved higher accuracy(97.4%)and fewer false-offs(from 79.5 with traditional time delay method to 0.6 times per day)are achieved by the MPC *** proposed TS-ANN-MPC method integrates the analysis of the occupant behavior routine into on-site control and has the potential to further enhance the control performance practice for maximum energy conservation.

关键词： lighting system occupant behavior data-driven model predictive control

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Development of a linear compressor for two-stage pulse tube cryocoolers

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2009年第11期10卷 1595-1600页

作者： Peng-da yan Wei-li GAO Guo-bang CHEN Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China

A valveless linear compressor was built up to drive a self-made two-stage pulse tube cryocooler. With a designed maximum swept volume of 60 cm3, the compressor can provide the cryocooler with a pressure volume (PV) power of 400 W. Preliminary measurements of the compressor indicated that both an efficiency of 35%～55% and a pressure ratio of 1.3～1.4 could be obtained. The two-stage pulse tube cryocooler driven by this compressor achieved the lowest temperature of 14.2 K.

关键词： Linear compressor Linear motor Pulse tube cryocooler

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An action-based Markov chain modeling approach for predicting the window operating behavior in office spaces

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Building Simulation 2021年第2期14卷 301-315页

作者： Xin Zhou Tiance Liu da yan Xing Shi Xing Jin School of Architecture Southeast UniversityNanjingJiangsu Province210096China School of Architecture Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

Reliable energy and performance prediction for building design and planning is important for newly-designed or retrofitted *** operating behavior has an important influence on the ventilation and energy consumption of these buildings under different realistic ***,quantitatively describing this behavior and constructing a prediction model are *** this work,an action-based Markov chain modeling approach for predicting window operating behavior in office spaces was *** summer measurement data(2016 and 2018)were used to verify the accuracy and validity of the modeling *** opening rate,outdoor temperature,time distribution,and on-off curve were proposed as four inspection *** study also compared the prediction performance between the action-based Markov chain modeling approach with the state-based Markov chain modeling approach,which is the most popular modeling approach to model occupant window operating *** study proved that the yearly variation of occupants’behavior performed a form of action that remained unchanged during a certain ***,the results also proved that the action-based Markov chain modeling approach can reflect the actual window operating behavior accurately within an open-plan office,which is a beneficial supplement for energy-consumption simulation software in a window-state prediction *** state-based Markov chain modeling approach showed better stability and accuracy in terms of the opening rate,whereas the action-based Markov chain modeling approach showed good consistency with the measurement data in the on-off curves and in situations with little *** the on-off curves,the accuracy of action-based modeling approach in the prediction of window open-state is 20%higher.

关键词： window operating behavior stochastic-numerical model action-based modeling approach stochastic model verification

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Challenges and opportunities for carbon neutrality in China’s building sector—Modelling and data

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Building Simulation 2022年第11期15卷 1899-1921页

作者： Shan Hu yang Zhang Ziyi yang da yan Yi Jiang Building Energy Research Center School of ArchitectureTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The building sector is one of the largest energy user and carbon emitter *** achieve China’s national carbon target,the building sector in China needs to achieve carbon peaking and neutrality targets by 2030 and 2060,***,data deficiency on building energy and emissions become barriers for tracking the status of building energy and emissions,and identify potential opportunities for achieving dual carbon *** address these shortcomings,this study established an integrated China Building Energy and Emission Model(CBEEM).With CBEEM,this study evaluated the building-construction and building-operation energy and emissions in China,and revealed the status quo and potential challenge and *** to modelling results,building operation energy use of China was 1.06 billion tce in 2020,accounting for 21%of China’s total primary energy *** construction energy consumption was 0.52 billion tce in 2020,accounting for another 10%of total primary energy *** messages found on building carbon emissions are:building construction embodied emissions were 1.5 billion tCO_(2) in 2020 and are declining slowly,building operational carbon emissions were 2.2 billion tCO_(2) in 2020 and are still *** comparisons between China and other countries on building stock,energy use intensity and carbon emission intensity were conducted as well,and help shed a light on the challenges for decarbonization of China’s building ***,technology perspectives to achieve carbon neutrality target were discussed and related policy suggestions were provided.

关键词： climate change building sector carbon neutrality global comparison China building energy and emission

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Deposition of Ti-Si-N coatings in deep blind-hole with pulsed dc power

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2004年第z1期14卷 260-263页

作者： MA da-yan MA Sheng-li XU Ke-wei State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi''an Jiaotong University Xi''an 710049 China State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi''an Jiaotong University Xi''an 710049 China State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi''an Jiaotong University Xi''an 710049 China

Multiphase nanocomposite Ti-Si-N coatings deposited by pulsed dc plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique on the surface of HSS substrate, which were bolted with deep blind-hole to simulate the complexshaped surface of various tools, were investigated. The micrographs show that the surface morphologies of the coatings become coarser with an increasing depth of the bottom holes. And the silicon content increases in Ti-Si-N coatings, which are composed of nanocrystalline TiN, nano-sized amorphous Si3N4, and occasionally amorphous or nanocrysralline TiSi2. The thickness of the coatings decreases with the increasing depth of holes, which may result from the changes of the composition in the coatings. The microhardness of the coatings increases firstly with the increasing depth of holes, reaches a maximum value of about HV5 700 at 10mm depth, and then decreases at larger depth.

关键词： nanocomposite pulsed dc PCVD Ti-Si-N deep blind-hole

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Detection of Gamma-Rays from the Protostellar Jet in the HH 80–81 System

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2022年第2期22卷 183-188页

作者： da-Hai yan Jia-Neng Zhou Peng-Fei Zhang Key Laboratory for the Structure and Evolution of Celestial Objects Yunnan ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650011China Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China Department of Astronomy Key Laboratory of Astroparticle Physics of Yunnan ProvinceYunnan UniversityKunming 650091China

Considering that the existence of relativistic particles in the protostellar jet has been confirmed by the detection of linearly polarized radio emission from the HH 80–81 jet,we search for gamma-rays from the HH 80–81 system using ten-year Fermi-LAT observations.A significant point-likeγ-ray excess is found in the direction of the HH80–81 system with the Test-Statistic value>100,which is likely produced in the HH 80–81 ***γ-ray spectrum extends only to 1 Ge V with a photon index of *** significant variability is found in the gamma-ray *** is discussed that the properties of HH 80–81 jet suffice for producing the observedγ-rays.

关键词： gamma-rays:ISM-ISM:jets and outflows radiation mechanisms:non-thermal stars:protostars

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