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Natural Cornstalk Pith as an Effective Energy Absorbing Cellular Material

Journal of Bionic Engineering 2021年第3期18卷 600-610页

作者： Lilong Zhang Zengqian Liu da jiao Jian Zhang Shaogang Wang Hui Zhang Zhefeng Zhang Key Laboratory for Electromagnetic Processing of Materials Ministry of EducationNortheastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

The replacement of synthetic foam materials using natural biological ones is of great significance for saving energy/resources and reducing environmental *** we characterized the microstructure and mechanical properties of natural cornstalk pith,which has a large annual output yet lacks an effective exploitation,and evaluated its feasibility for applications as a substitute for synthetic foam *** cornstalk pith was revealed to be a cellular material composed of closed cells elongated along the growth direction of com plant and reinforced by well-aligned vascular bundles penetrating the foam *** compressive behavior is featured by a stable stress plateau which is favorable for energy absorption with its mechanical properties largely dependent on the hydration state and loading *** particular,the initial dimension and mechanical properties of cornstalk pith can be effectively recovered after deformation simply by hydration treatment owing to swelling effect caused by the turgor pressure from *** cornstalk pith demonstrates an outstanding combination of low density and high energy absorption efficiency among various foam materials,specifically with its plateau stress and energy absorption comparable or even superior to those of some typical synthetic foam *** along with the huge resources and good biodegradability make it a promising natural energy absorbing cellular material for replacing synthetic counterparts.

关键词： cornstalk pith energy absorption foam hydration self-recovery

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A New Ceramic Substrate Glaze with High Resistance to Molten Aluminum

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2003年第5期19卷 505-506页

作者： Ming ZHOU, Ke LI, da SHU, jiao ZHANG, Baode SUN and Jun WANGState Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200030 China

Corrosion resistance of ceramic substrate glazes to molten aluminum was studied in this paper. The glazes can spread slightly in aluminum alloy according to SEM examination of solidified interface between the glazes and aluminum alloy. The components of B2O3-P2O5 glazes were not detected with electron probe at the side of aluminum alloy near the interface, but the components of boron-free glaze were detected. It is shown that borophosphate glazes can resist the corrosion of molten aluminum.

关键词： Glaze Molten aluminum Anticorrosion Interface

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Ice-templated porous tungsten and tungsten carbide inspired by natural wood

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第10期42卷 187-197页

作者： Yuan Zhang Guoqi Tan da jiao Jian Zhang Shaogang Wang Feng Liu Zengqian Liu Longchao Zhuo Zhefeng Zhang Sylvain Deville Robert O.Ritchie Laboratory of Fatigue and Fracture for Materials Institute of Metal Research.Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China School of Mechanical Engineering Liaoning Shihua UniversityFushun 113001China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi'an University of TechnologyXi'an710048China Laboratoire De Synthese Et Fonctionnalisation Des Ceramiques UMR3080 CNRS/Saint-Gobain CREESaint-Gobain Research ProvenceCavaillon 84306France Department ofMateriab Science and Engineering University of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCA 94720USA

The structures of tungsten and tungsten carbide scaffolds play a key role in determining the properties of their infiltrated composites for multifunctional ***,it is challenging to construct and control the architectures by means of self-assembly in W/WC systems because of their large *** we present the development of unidirectionally porous architectures,with high porosities exceeding 65 vol.%,for W and WC scaffolds which in many respects reproduce the design motif of natural wood using a direct ice-templating *** was achieved by adjusting the viscosities of suspensions to retard sedimentation during *** processing,structural characteristics and mechanical properties of the resulting scaffolds were investigated with the correlations between them *** relationships were established to describe their strengths based on the mechanics of cellular solids by taking into account both inter-and intra-lamellar *** fracture mechanisms were also identified,especially in light of the *** study extends the effectiveness of the ice-templating technique for systems with large densities or particle *** further provides preforms for developing new natureinspired multifunctional materials,as represented by W/WC-Cu composites.

关键词： Ice-templating Tungsten Scaffolds Fracture mechanisms Bioinspired materials

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铁路噪声比例预测法的改进

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中国铁道科学 2005年第3期26卷 109-113页

作者：焦大化铁道科学研究院环控劳卫研究所北京100081

针对原铁路噪声比例预测法不适应铁路提速和环境变化的需要,对其方法进行了改进。改进后的比例法采用现场实测的暴露声级作为输入参数的噪声基本量,可以按货运列车、常速列车、提速列车、客运专线列车等分类。提出的修正量参数适应由于... 详细信息

针对原铁路噪声比例预测法不适应铁路提速和环境变化的需要,对其方法进行了改进。改进后的比例法采用现场实测的暴露声级作为输入参数的噪声基本量,可以按货运列车、常速列车、提速列车、客运专线列车等分类。提出的修正量参数适应由于列车、车辆技术改进或更新所引起的噪声辐射强度的变化。

关键词：比例法铁路噪声噪声预测环境影响评价

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Bioinspired tungsten-copper composites with Bouligand-type architectures mimicking fish scales

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第1期96卷 21-30页

作者： Yuan Zhang Guoqi Tan Mingyang Zhang Qin Yu Zengqian Liu Yanyan Liu Jian Zhang da jiao Faheng Wang Longchao Zhuo Zhefeng Zhang Robert O.Ritchie Shi-Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA Jihua Laboratory Foshan 528200China School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi’an University of TechnologyXi’an 710048China

The microscopic Bouligand-type architectures of fish scales demonstrate a notable efficiency in enhancing the damage tolerance of materials;nevertheless,it is challenging to reproduce in *** bioinspired tungsten-copper composites with different Bouligand-type architectures mimicking fish scales were fabricated by infiltrating a copper melt into woven contextures of tungsten *** composites exhibit a synergetic enhancement in both strength and ductility at room temperature along with an improved resistance to high-temperature *** strengths were interpreted by adapting the classical laminate theory to incorporate the characteristics of Bouligand-type *** particular,under load the tungsten fibers can reorient adaptively within the copper matrix by their straightening,stretching,interfacial sliding with the matrix,and the cooperative kinking deformation of fiber grids,representing a successful implementation of the optimizing mechanisms of the Bouligand-type architectures to enhance strength and *** study may serve to promote the development of new high-performance tungsten-copper composites for applications,e.g.,as electrical contacts or heat sinks,and offer a viable approach for constructing bioinspired architectures in metallic materials.

关键词： Bouligand structure Tungsten-copper composites Fish scales Structural reorientation Bioinspired designs

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Tropomyosin is localized in the nuclear matrix and chromosome scaffold of physarum polycephalum

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Cell Research 1999年第1期9卷 61-69页

作者： ZENG XIAN LU MING da jiao MIAO XING XIAO GUANG WANG SHUI HAO(Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China)(Department of Biology, Changchun Normal College,Changchun 130032, China) InstituteofGeneticsandCytology NortheastNormalUniversityChangchunChina.

The nuclei and chromosomes were isolated from plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum. The nuclear matrir and chromosome scaffold were obtained after the DNA and most of the proteins were extracted with DNase I and 2 M NaCl. SDS-PAGE analyses revealed that the nuclear matrir and chromosome scaffold contained a 37 kD polypeptide which is equivalent to tropomyosin in molecular weight. Immunofluorescence observations upon slide preparations labeled with anti-tropomyosin antibody showed that the nuclear matrix and chromosome scaffold emanated bright fluorescence, suggesting the presence of the antigen in *** results confirmed the presence of tropomyosin in the nuclear matrix and chromosome scaffold. Immunoelectron microscopic obserwtions further demonstrated that tropomyosin was dispersively distributed in the interphase nuclei and metaphase chromosomes.

关键词： Chromosome scaffold nuclear matrix Physarum polycephalum tropomyosin

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系列点声源模拟铁路噪声的误差分析

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铁道学报 2004年第5期26卷 14-19页

作者：焦大化中国铁道科学研究院环控劳卫研究所北京100081

根据声学基本理论分析了采用3种指向特性的系列点声源,模拟铁路噪声线声源的误差问题,论证了点源模拟误差和长度模拟误差与各种影响参数的定量关系,给出声源模拟法预测铁路列车运行噪声中确定系列点声源的点源间距和总长的方法,解决了... 详细信息

根据声学基本理论分析了采用3种指向特性的系列点声源,模拟铁路噪声线声源的误差问题,论证了点源模拟误差和长度模拟误差与各种影响参数的定量关系,给出声源模拟法预测铁路列车运行噪声中确定系列点声源的点源间距和总长的方法,解决了铁路建设项目环境影响评价中铁路噪声预测的一个重要技术问题。

关键词：声源模拟铁路噪声预测环境噪声

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分层海水环境中水下电场衰减规律和分布特性研究

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舰船科学技术 2021年第7期43卷 137-142页

作者：焦达文大连测控技术研究所辽宁大连116013

根据海上实测海水电导率参数,建立空气—分层海水—海床5层海洋环境模型。基于传统的水平电偶极子空气-海水-海床3层介质模型中水下电场衰减规律和分布特性,通过对海水进一步分层的多层介质模型构建数学模型,进行理论推导和仿真计算,给... 详细信息

根据海上实测海水电导率参数,建立空气—分层海水—海床5层海洋环境模型。基于传统的水平电偶极子空气-海水-海床3层介质模型中水下电场衰减规律和分布特性,通过对海水进一步分层的多层介质模型构建数学模型,进行理论推导和仿真计算,给出场源强度为1A·m,深度为4 m,频率为1 Hz时电场在不同水深处的空间分布及正下方Y=0测线上的水下电场分布。结果表明,随着水深的增加,电场X分量与电场Z分量之比是增加的;在海水-海床界面上,测线上电场Z分量最大值约为电场X分量最大值的1/4,电场Y分量最大值相对Y=0处有一定的偏移。从衰减曲线可以看出,在60~500 m范围内电场X分量和电场Z分量沿径向随距离呈3次方衰减。

关键词：分层海水水平电偶极子电场分布规律衰减特性

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用马斯洛需求层次理论对“炫耀经济”的分析

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特区经济 2005年第5期 310-311页

作者：魏大姣暨南大学经济系

一、'炫耀经济'的由来自从凡勃伦在 1899年出版了以来,'炫耀消费'逐渐引起了社会的注意,'炫耀消费理论'从而也慢慢发展起来,而如今为满足'炫耀'这一心理需求而进行的生产、服务等各种经济活动越来越多,于是'炫耀经济'就这样形成了.凡... 详细信息

一、'炫耀经济'的由来自从凡勃伦在 1899年出版了以来,'炫耀消费'逐渐引起了社会的注意,'炫耀消费理论'从而也慢慢发展起来,而如今为满足'炫耀'这一心理需求而进行的生产、服务等各种经济活动越来越多,于是'炫耀经济'就这样形成了.凡勃伦认为,用有意脱离生产活动来表现自己拥有财富和权力的有闲阶级的消费就是炫耀消费.他把炫耀消费定义为这样一种类型的社会行为,即通过消费让他人明了消费者的金钱力量、权力和身份 (消费者的社会经济地位 ),从而使消费者博得荣誉,获得自我满足的消费行为.消费在此的意义已不是单纯的个人为了满足生理需要而对消费品的耗费,它包括个人为获得社会认定所进行的非生产性支付.

关键词：马斯洛需求层次理论 “炫耀经济” 消费心理消费理论

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改革收入分配制度是构建和谐社会的重要途径

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特区经济 2007年第4期219卷 175-176页

作者：贺大姣赵洁湖南工程学院人文社科系湖南湘潭411104

和谐社会是中华民族孜孜以求的社会理想,也是中国共产党不懈追求和不断奋斗的目标。收入分配关系和谐是社会和谐的具体标准,公正和公平的收入分配制度对于构建和谐社会意义重大。改革收入分配制度、促进收入分配关系和谐是构建和谐社会... 详细信息

和谐社会是中华民族孜孜以求的社会理想,也是中国共产党不懈追求和不断奋斗的目标。收入分配关系和谐是社会和谐的具体标准,公正和公平的收入分配制度对于构建和谐社会意义重大。改革收入分配制度、促进收入分配关系和谐是构建和谐社会的重要途径。

关键词：收入分配制度改革和谐社会

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