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Trade-off analyses between food provision and soil conservation service of Grain for Green Program in Mountainous Area

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2024年第1期12卷 43-53页

作者： Yawen Li Yuxiang Li xingwu duan Zhongyin Cai Ya Li Baiyun He Long Yin Institute of International River and Eco-security Yunnan UniversityKunming650091PR China Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Trans-boundary Eco-security Kunming650091PR China State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085PR China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049PR China

The Grain for Green Program and soil and water conservation engineering initiatives are crucial for controlling erosion in steep-slope agriculture.However,it is still unclear how these two management methods should be carried out in respect to the situation in mountainous areas.Therefore,taking a typical mountainous area in southwest China as an example,we simulated six scenarios in order to compare the food provisioning service(FPS)and soil conservation service of the Grain for Green Program(converting to grassland)and Construction Measures(converting to sloping terrace)under different slopes.Results showed that when farmland with a>25°slope was converted into grassland,the amount of soil erosion(M)decreased by 21.0%,while FPS decreased by only 0.7%.However,when farmland with a>25°slope was converted into sloping terrace,M decreased by 31.3%while FPS increased by 18.7%.With the increases of farmland slope ranges in the Construction Measures scenario,M gradually decreased and FPS gradually increased.Particularly when farmland>15°was converted into sloping terrace,M decreased by 63.9%and FPS increased by 52.7%.Furthermore,the trade-offs of Construction Measures are lower than that of Grain for Green on different slope ranges.Therefore,we conclude that Construction Measures are a more suitable method in mountainous areas than the Grain for Green,and we suggest that further research be conducted to consider the ecological risks of construction engineering measures.

关键词： Soil erosion Grain for green Construction measures Mountainous areas

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Nutrient enrichment driven by canopy rainfall redistribution:Mechanism,quantification,and pattern

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第5期67卷 1529-1544页

作者： Chuan YUAN Xiaoping YUE Yafeng ZHANG Yu ZHANG Yanting HU Qiang TANG Li GUO Shuai WANG xingwu duan Wenhua XIANG Xiaohua WEI Xiaoyan LI College of Forestry and Biotechnology Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou 311300China Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station School of Geographical SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China School of Geographical Sciences Hebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuang 050024China Faculty of Life Science and Technology Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangsha 410004China State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering College of Water Resource and HydropowerSichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion Prevention and Green Development Institute of International Rivers and Eco-securityYunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Department of Earth Environmental and Geographic SciencesUniversity of British Columbia(Okanagan)KelownaBritish Columbia V1V 1V7Canada

Vegetation canopies intercept and redistribute rainfall into throughfall and stemflow,which transfer substantial amounts of elements into the soil,influencing soil microbial community,plant survival,and plant community succession.Despite advancements in ecohydrological research,the implication of nutrient enrichment resulting from this redistribution of rainfall by canopies remains largely unexplored.To address this gap,we conducted a systematic review of 1020 papers published between 2000 and 2022,gathering data on nutrient concentration and enrichment for critical ions(including K^(+),Na^(+),Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),NH_(4)^(+),Cl^(-),NO_(3)^(-)and SO_(4)^(2-))from the Web of Science and Chinese Knowledge Infrastructure databases.We aimed to synthesize the mechanisms,quantify the enrichments,and identify global patterns of nutrient enrichment in stemflow and throughfall across climate zones,and vegetation types and ecosystems.The results of this study indicate that stemflow exhibits,on average,2.1times greater ion concentration(6.13 mg L^(-1))compared to throughfall.In particular,among the investigated ions,SO_(4)^(2-)(12.45and 6.32 mg L^(-1))for stemflow and throughfall,respectively,and Cl^(-)(9.21 and 4.81 mg L^(-1))exhibit the highest concentrations in both rainfall redistribution components,while K^(+)(13.7 and 5.8)and Mg^(2+)(5.6 and 2.8)have the highest enrichment factors.Across climate zones,throughfall and stemflow show the lowest ion concentrations but the highest enrichment factors in extremely humid regions.Along the temperature gradient,ion concentrations are the highest in cold climates with no clear patterns observed for enrichment factors with increasing temperature.In addition,shrubs,conifers,mixed forests,and artificial ecosystems demonstrate enrichment factors 1.1 to 3.0 times greater than those of trees,broad-leaved plants,pure forests,and natural ecosystems.These findings emphasize the need for increased attentions to artificial ecosystems,such as urban and agricultural ecosystems,which often received

关键词： Ecohydrology Rainfall redistribution Nutrients transport Enrichment characteristics Climate zones

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Effectiveness of Xiaoyin Jiedu granules in the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris in patients with blood-heat symptom patterns in terms of Traditional Chinese Medicine

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2020年第5期40卷 863-869页

作者： Chen Xi Zhang Runtian duan xingwu Xue Ming Qu Tiange Li Lingling Department of Dermatology Dongzhimen HospitalAffiliated to Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100700China Communication and Information Center State Ministry of Work SafetyBeijing 100013China

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness of Xiaoyin Jiedu(XYJD)granules in the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris(PSV)in patients with a blood-heat pattern(BHP)in terms of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM).We also aimed to identify the possible underlying immunological mechanism.METHODS:Twenty-five PSV patients with BHP and ten normal controls were enrolled from January 1,2015 to December 31,2016.Patients were randomly assigned to either the XYJD group(15 cases)or the placebo group(10 cases),in which patients were treated with XYJD granules or a placebo,respectively.Additionally,albolene was used to relieve skin dryness in these two groups.The psoriasis area and severity indexes,dermatology life quality indexes and itching scores were assessed at the end of the 2 nd,4 th and 8 th week of treatment.The number of peripheral blood T helper(Th)9,Th17 and regulatory T cells(Tregs)and the m RNA and protein expression levels of PU.1,RAR-related orphan receptor(ROR)-γt,forkhead box protein 3(Foxp3),interleukin(IL)-9,IL-17,IL-23 and IL-10 in the control and experimental groups were compared before and after treatment.RESULTS:Psoriasis area and severity indexes and itching scores of patients in the XYJD group were significantly lower than those in the placebo group,whereas dermatology life quality indexes were significantly higher.In comparison with the placebo group,XYJD granules significantly reduced the number of Th17 cells and the m RNA and protein expression levels of Th17-related ROR-γt,IL-17,IL-22 and IL-23 in the peripheral blood and reduced the number of Th9 cells and the m RNA and protein expression levels of Th9-related PU.1 and IL-9.CONCLUSION:XYJD granules were effective against PSV in patients with BHP by reducing the number of Th9 and Th17 cells and the levels of their related cytokines.

关键词： Psoriasis T-Lymphocytes,helper-inducer Blood-heat Xiaoyin Jiedu granules

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Correlation analysis of Treg/Th17 cells and related cytokines in patients with psoriasis vulgaris

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2019年第5期39卷 700-706页

作者： Qu Tiange Mei Chencheng Zeng Yajun Li Lingling duan xingwu Department of Dermatology Dongzhimen Hospitalaffiliated to Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100700China Department of Dermatology Wuhan No. 1 Hospital Wuhan 430022China

OBJECTIVE: To investigate potential differences in circulating levels of T regulatory (Treg)/T helper 17 (Th17) cells, related inflammatory cytokines and specific transcription factors in healthy individuals and patients with psoriasis conforming to one of three Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndromes: blood-heat syndrome (BHS), blood-stasis syndrome (BSS) and blood-dryness syndrome (BDS). METHODS: Sixty-seven patients with psoriasis were recruited and assigned to one of three corresponding TCM syndrome groups: BHS (n = 40), BSS (n = 14) and BDS (n = 13 patients). The control group comprised 21 healthy individuals. The circulating levels of Treg/Th17 cells in peripheral blood were assessed using flow cytometry;the levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-10 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay;and the mRNA expression of T cell-specific transcription factors retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) and forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS: The ratio of Th17 cells and the levels of TNF-α and RORγt were all significantly higher in the BHS and BSS groups than the control group (P < 0.05), while the ratio of Treg cells and the levels of IL-10 and Foxp3 mRNA in the BHS group were significantly lower compared with the control group (P < 0.05). No significant differences were seen between the BSS group and the control group. The ratio of Th17 cells and the levels of TNF-α and RORγt in the BDS group were not significantly different from those of the control group;however, the ratio of Treg cells and the levels of IL-10 and Foxp3 were all lower than those in the healthy controls (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Compared with healthy individuals, the ratio of Th17 cells and the levels of related cytokines were higher, while the ratio of Treg cells and the levels of related cytokines were lower, in the peripheral blood of psoriasis/BHS patients;corresponding results for the BSS and BDS groups also showed differences. We propose that patterns of differen

关键词： Psoriasis vulgaris Blood-heat Blood stasis T-Lymphocytes, regulatory Th17 cells Medical informatics

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Field Capacity in Black Soil Region, Northeast China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2010年第5期20卷 406-413页

作者： duan xingwu XIE Yun LIU Gang GAO Xiaofei LU Hongmei Institute of Natural Science Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology School of Geography Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

In this work, 23 black soil profiles were surveyed and 113 soil samples were collected to determine the field capacity (FC) of the black soil in Northeast China. The effectiveness of three methods measuring FC, the Wilcox method (WM), the undisturbed soil pressure plate method (PUM) and the air-dried sieved soil pressure plate method (PDM) were compared to select a suitable laboratory measurement method. Results show that the FC values measured by PDM are greater than those measured by PUM, and the values measured by PUM are greater than those measured by WM. PUM is more suitable for the determination of FC in the study area. One regression equation between PUM and PDM has been established through which undisturbed soil can be replaced by air-dried sieved soil, which is easier to get, to measure FC. FCs vary from 23.50% to 37.00%, with an average of 31.65%, which differ greatly among the 23 black soil profiles. FC is found to be significantly positively correlated with the silt content, clay content and bulk density of the soil, but significantly negatively correlated with the sand content. An empirical pedotransfer function is established to estimate the FC using available soil physical and chemical properties.

关键词：东北黑土黑土区田间持水量中国测量方法土壤转换函数土壤剖面足球俱乐部

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Soil loss tolerance in the black soil region of Northeast China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2012年第4期22卷 737-751页

作者： duan xingwu XIE Yun LIU Baoyuan LIU Gang FENG Yanjie GAO Xiaofei Asian International Rivers Center Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-securityYunnan UniversityKunming 650091China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology School of GeographyBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

Soil loss tolerance （/） is the maximum rate of annual soil erosion that is tolerated and still allows a high level of crop productivity to be sustained economically and indefinitely. In the black soil region of Northeast China, an empirically determined, default Tvalue of 200 （t/km2.a） is used for designing land restoration strategies for different types of soils. The ob- jective of this study was to provide a methodology to calculate a quantitative T for different black soil species. A field investigation was conducted to determine the typical soil profiles of 21 black soil species in the study area and a quantitative methodology based on a modified soil productivity index model was established to calculate the Tvalues. These values, which varied from 68 t/km2.a to 358 t/km2-a, yielded an average Tvalue of 141 t/km2.a for the 21 soil species. This is 29.5% lower than the current national standard T value. Two significant factors that influenced the T value were soil thickness and vulnerability to erosion. An acceptable reduction rate of soil productivity over a planned time period of 1% is recommended as necessary for maintaining long-term sustainable soil productivity. Compared with the cur- rently used of regional unified standard T value, the proposed method, which determines T using specific soil profile indices, has more practical implications for effective, sustainable management of soil and water conservation.

关键词： soil loss tolerance quantitative approach productivity index model soil erosion vulnerability index black soil species black soil region of Northeast China

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Distribution and Susceptibility Assessment of Collapses and Landslides in the Riparian Zone of the Xiaowan Reservoir

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Chinese Geographical Science 2019年第1期29卷 70-85页

作者： ZHONG Ronghua HE Daming HU Jinming duan xingwu HUANG Jiangcheng CHENG Xupeng Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security Yunnan University Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-security Yunnan University

The southwest alpine gorge region is the major state base of hydropower energy development in China and hence planned many cascading hydropower stations. After the reservoir impoundment, the intense water level fluctuations under the interaction of cascade dams operating and the mountainous flooding, usually cause bank collapse, landslide and debris flow hazards. The Xiaowan reservoir(XWR), for example, as the ‘dragon head' meg reservoir located in the middle mainstream of Lancang River, have resulted in a series of geohazards during its building and operating. In this study, we investigated the number and surface area of collapses and landslides(CLs) occurred in the water level fluctuations zone(WLFZ) of XWR using remote sensing images of Gaofen-1 and Google Earth; evaluated the CLs susceptibility using information value method. The results presented that the total WLFZ area of 87.03 km2 and 804 CLs masses with a total area of 1.98 km2 were identified in the riparian zone of XWR. CLs mainly occurred at an elevation of 1190–1240 m, and the CLs density increased with an increase in altitude. The WLFZ with a slope gradient of 25°– 45° is the main CLs distribution area that accounts for more than half of the total CLs area. The susceptibility assessment revealed that high and very high susceptibility zones are generally distributed along zones with an elevation of 1210–1240 m, a slope degree of 25°–45° and a slope aspect perpendicular to the direction of Lancang River. Furthermore, these susceptible zones are close in distance to the dam site and tend to be in the riparian zones with the formation lithology of Silurian strata. These results provide a valuable contribution to prevent and control geohazards in the XWR area. Moreover, this study offers a constructive sample of geohazards assessment in the riparian zone of large reservoirs throughout the mountains of southwest China.

关键词： susceptibility assessment collapses and landslides water level fluctuations Xiaowan Reservoir Lancang-Mekong River

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Commonalities and characteristics of aqueous extracts from three Uighur medicines were analyzed by using three-stage infrared spectroscopy combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-time of flight-mass spectra

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2019年第1期39卷 118-126页

作者： Qu Tiange Zhu Yun Zhang Ke Huang Jian Wang Hangyu Gao Le Liang Xu Chen Long Wang Jinhui Pang Xiaobo duan xingwu Department of Dermatology Dongzhimen HospitalBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100700China School of Pharmacy Shihezi University(Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and UtilizationMinistry of Education)Shihezi 832001China School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica Shenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyang 110016China Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry(State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China) Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150081China

OBJECTIVE: To establish a method to analyze the commonalities and characteristics of the aqueous extracts from three Uighur medicines.METHODS: In this study, a combination method of three-stage infrared spectroscopy and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-time of flight-mass spectra(UPLC-TOF-MS) method was used to analyze the commonalities and characteristics of the aqueous extracts from Hezi(Fructus Chebulae),Maohezi(Terminalia Belliricae Fructus) and Xiqingguo(Chebulae Fructus Immaturus).RESULTS: In Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy spectra, all three samples showed the characteristic absorption peaks of tannins similarly. According to UPLC-TOF-MS data analysis, the difference of the position and intensity of the peaks at 1713-1707 cm^(-1) in the three samples were related to the difference in the relative content of tannin and pentacyclic triterpenoids. In second derivative infrared spectroscopy spectra, further analysis of the differences in the infrared spectra of the three samples was performed by increasing the apparent resolution. In combination with UPLC-TOF-MS data, some features infrared absorption peaks were assigned.The absorption peaks at 1032-1030 cm^(-1) assigned to the stretching vibration of C-O-C(ether bond)groups of tannins; 1164-1163, 1063-1062, 1009-1005, 904 cm^(-1) attributed to the stretching vibration of C-O(ether bond) and C-O-C groups of glycosidic compounds. 1385-1383 cm^(-1) attributed to the bending vibration of C-H(alkyl hydrogen) of methoxyl group of pentacyclic triterpenoids. Peak 835 cm^(-1) was assigned to the characteristic absorption peak of bending vibration of = C-H groups of pentacyclic triterpenoids. The two dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy could further quickly distinguish three samples through the dynamic structural information of their chemical components and discrepancy of auto-peaks and cross-peaks intuitively in the range of 1720-419 cm^(-1).CONCLUSION: By comparing the intensity of the infrared characteristic absorption peaks, the main chemic

关键词： Tannins Terminalia Spectrophotometry,infrared Chromatography,liquid Uighur Medicine

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论特应性皮炎核心病机与辨治思路

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世界中医药 2024年第2期19卷 200-204页

作者：李丹阳吕添于莹朱泽兵徐菁段行武北京中医药大学东直门医院北京100700 北京卫生职业学院北京101101 北京市大兴区人民医院北京102600

特应性皮炎(AD)是皮肤科常见的慢性复发性、瘙痒性、炎症性皮肤病。笔者认为,AD的核心病机在于先天禀赋不足,后天脏腑失调,其中尤以脾胃失调为本。而根据本病发病的不同年龄段和不同疾病阶段,其核心病机又具有动态可变性。婴儿期及儿童... 详细信息

特应性皮炎(AD)是皮肤科常见的慢性复发性、瘙痒性、炎症性皮肤病。笔者认为,AD的核心病机在于先天禀赋不足,后天脏腑失调,其中尤以脾胃失调为本。而根据本病发病的不同年龄段和不同疾病阶段,其核心病机又具有动态可变性。婴儿期及儿童期AD病位在心,与脾、肾相关,急性期以心火亢盛为主;亚急性期以心火脾虚交织互见为主;慢性期及稳定期多表现为热盛伤阴导致的阴虚血燥、血虚血燥,或久病耗伤导致的脾肾不足。青少年及成人AD病位在脾,与肝、肾密切相关,急性期病机多为肝经湿热,血热生风;慢性期多为脾虚湿蕴,燥湿互化;稳定期多为脾虚血燥、阴虚血燥或脾肾不足。老年AD病位在肾,与脾密切相关,急性期病机多为顽湿蕴肤,慢性期及稳定期多为脾肾不足。对于其辨治思路的把握应从以下几点入手:重视先天肾精,加强调理禀赋;固护后天脾胃,调养五脏;从年龄、分期、虚实等多角度辨治,标本兼顾;重视预防调护,内外并重,关注整体。采用中医多种治疗手段,调理禀赋,辨证论治,同时发挥中医优势,对于指导AD临床诊治具有重要的意义。

关键词：特应性皮炎核心病机辨治思路动态可变性先天禀赋不足后天脏腑失调多角度辨治

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Rainfall erosivity estimation over the Tibetan plateau based on high spatial-temporal resolution rainfall records

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第3期10卷 422-432页

作者： Yueli Chen xingwu duan Guo Zhang Minghu Ding Shaojuan Lu State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijingChina Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security Yunnan UniversityKunmingChina CMA Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre BeijingChina

The Tibetan Plateau(TP)in China has been experiencing severe water erosion because of climate warming.The rapid development of weather station network provides an opportunity to improve our understanding of rainfall erosivity in the TP.In this study,1-min precipitation data obtained from 1226 weather stations during 2018–2019 were used to estimate rainfall erosivity,and subsequently the spatial-temporal patterns of rainfall erosivity in the TP were identified.The mean annual erosive rainfall was 295 mm,which accounted for 53%of the annual rainfall.An average of 14 erosive events occurred yearly per weather station,with the erosive events in the wet season being more likely to extend beyond midnight.In these cases,the precipitation amounts of the erosive events were found to be higher than those of the daily precipitations,which may result in implicit bias as the daily precipitation data were used for estimating the rainfall erosivity.The mean annual rainfall erosivity in the TP was 528 MJ mm·ha^(-1)·h^(-1),with a broader range of 0–3402 MJ mm·ha^(-1)·h^(-1),indicating a significant spatial variability.Regions with the highest mean annual rainfall erosivity were located in the forest zones,followed by steppe and desert zones.Finally,the precipitation phase records obtained from 140 weather stations showed that snowfall events slightly impacted the accuracy of rainfall erosivity calculation,but attention should be paid to the erosion process of snowmelt in the inner part of the TP.These results can be used as the reference data for soil erosion prediction in normal precipitation years.

关键词： Erosive rain Rainfall erosivity Spatial-temporal patterns 1-Min precipitation data Tibetan Plateau

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