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Short-term effects of yak and Tibetan sheep urine deposition on soil carbon and nitrogen concentrations in an alpine steppe of the northern Tibetan Plateau, China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第4期19卷 1156-1167页

作者： du zi-yin WANG Xiao-dan CAI Yan-jiang School of Geographical Sciences China West Normal UniversityNanchong 637009China Xainza Alpine Steppe and Wetland Ecosystem Observation Station Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of Sciences&Ministry of Water ResourcesChengdu 610041China College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou 311300China

Yak(Bos grunniens) and Tibetan sheep urine deposited onto the alpine grasslands of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is an important pathway for nutrient return, and it is closely related to soil fertility and alpine grassland productivity. However, hitherto, few studies have reported the effects of yak and Tibetan sheep urine deposition on soil carbon(C) and nitrogen(N) concentrations and the possible functional mechanisms under field conditions in alpine grasslands. To explore the status of soil C and N responding to the immediate N addition from livestock urine, we conducted a 28-d field experiment with three treatments, which include the application of yak urine(YU) and Tibetan sheep urine(TSU) application, and the control(CK, no application of urine). The results showed that YU treatment increased the soil moisture content and p H at 0-10 cm across the 28-day experimental period. Urine application resulted in the fluctuation of soil organic C(SOC) and increased topsoil SOC concentration during the middle and later periods of the experiment. Application of YU evidently increased the soil total N(TN) concentration in the 0-10 cm layer, while it did not affect the SOC concentrations in the 10-20 and 20-30 cm layers. Compared with the control, YU treatment significantly(P<0.05) increased the 0-10 and 10-20 cm soil ammonium-N(NH;-N) concentration throughout the 28 days, while the TSU treatment significantly(P<0.05) increased the 0-10 and 10-20 cm soil nitrate-N(NO;-N) concentration. Urine N input changed soil physicochemical properties, nitrification, denitrification, and N leaching processes, and therefore affected the availability of N accumulation and consumption in soil. Under these conditions, the trade-off between soil NH;-N and NO;-N under the influence of yak and Tibetan sheep urine application would change the form and concentration of available N, thereby altering the plant N uptake and utilization strategy of alpine grassland. The conclusions of this study coul

关键词： Livestock urine Mineral nitrogen Nitrification Denitrification Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

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Effects of rock fragments on yak dung greenhouse gas emissions on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of Mountain Science 2016年第11期13卷 2006-2014页

作者： du zi-yin WANG Xiao-dan LIU Xiu-ping CAI Yan-jiang Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Center for Agricultural Resources Research Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesShijiazhuang 050021China

dung deposition is an important pathway of nutrient return and redistribution in alpine grasslands of the Qinghai-Tibetan *** date,information on the greenhouse gas emissions of yak dung on alpine grasslands,especially where there are large amounts of rock fragments,is *** aim,therefore,was to evaluate variations in N_2O,CH_4,and CO_2 emissions from yak dung(CCD),and compare it to dung placed on rock fragments(RCD),alpine steppe soil(CSD),and a soil and rock fragment mixture(RSD) over a 30-day incubation *** results showed that the total N_2O emissions from treatments without soil were significantly(P dung pats elevated the globalwarming potential(GWP),while the addition of rock fragments to the soil significantly(P ducing emissions of the three greenhouse *** therefore suggest that interactions between rock fragments and alpine steppe soil are effective in decreasing yak dung greenhouse gas *** finding indicates that rock fragments are an effective medium for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from dung pats,and more attention should therefore be paid to evaluate its ecological impact in future *** results should help guide scientific assessments of regional GHG budgets in agricultural ecosystems where the addition of livestock manure to soils with large amounts of rock fragments is common.

关键词： Rock fragments Yak dung Nitrous oxide Methane Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

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Investigation of bubbles escape behavior from low basicity mold flux for high-Mn high-Al steels using 3D X-ray microscope

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第1期32卷 102-110页

作者： Qiang Liu Xiang Li Shen du Ming Gao Yanbin yin Jiongming Zhang State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

during the continuous casting process of high-Mn high-Al steels,various types of gases such as Ar need to escape through the top of the *** which,the behavior of bubbles traversing the liquid slag serves as a restrictive link,closely associated with viscosity and the thickness of liquid *** contrast to two-dimensional surface observation,three-dimensional(3D)analysis method can offer a more intuitive,accurate,and comprehensive ***,this study employs a 3D X-ray microscope(3D-XRM)to obtained spatial distribution and 3D morphological characteristics of residual bubbles in mold flux under different basicity of liquid slag,different temperatures,and different holding *** results indicate that as basicity of slag increases from 0.52 to 1.03,temperature increases from 1423 to 1573 K,the viscosity of slag decreases,the floating rate of bubbles *** addition,when holding time increases from 10 to 30 s,the bubbles floating distance increases,and the volume fraction and average equivalent sphere diameter of the bubbles solidified in the mold flux gradually *** one word,increasing the basicity,temperature,and holding time leading to an increase in the removal rate of bubbles especially for the *** findings of bubbles escape behavior provide valuable insights into optimizing low basicity mold flux for high-Mn high-Al steels.

关键词： mold flux low basicity bubbles three-dimensional X-ray microscope viscosity

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放牧牦牛行为及其对高寒草地土壤特性的影响研究进展

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草业学报 2019年第7期28卷 186-197页

作者：杜子银蔡延江王小丹张斌西华师范大学国土资源学院四川南充637009 浙江农林大学环境与资源学院浙江杭州311300 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所四川成都610041

放牧牦牛是对高寒天然草地的一种重要的利用方式,牦牛通过采食牧草、践踏土壤和排泄粪尿等行为可能对草地生态系统产生不容忽视的直接或间接影响。通过归纳分析放牧牦牛行为及其生态环境效应的有关研究成果,系统论述了牦牛采食牧草、践... 详细信息

放牧牦牛是对高寒天然草地的一种重要的利用方式,牦牛通过采食牧草、践踏土壤和排泄粪尿等行为可能对草地生态系统产生不容忽视的直接或间接影响。通过归纳分析放牧牦牛行为及其生态环境效应的有关研究成果,系统论述了牦牛采食牧草、践踏土壤和排泄粪尿3种主要行为的表现特性及其对草地土壤理化和生物学性质的影响效应和作用机制,阐明了高寒草地土壤碳氮养分、植被生物量及微生物群落等对牦牛践踏和粪尿排泄物返还的响应特征及差异性。指出牦牛采食、践踏和粪尿排泄是影响草地物质循环和能量转换的重要环节。未被消化利用的牧草养分通过粪尿排泄返还到草地土壤中,被认为是对养分匮缺的天然草地的一种重要的施肥措施,也是维持土壤养分平衡和植被生产力的重要保障。而畜蹄践踏相对于采食和排泄行为而言具有作用时间长、直接作用的草地组分多且效果持久的特点。因此,系统阐释牦牛采食特征、践踏过程和粪尿返还对土壤物理结构、主要养分动态和植被生长的影响效应,能够为加深关于放牧牦牛行为对高寒草地土壤-植被系统养分生物地球化学循环的作用过程和影响机制的认知奠定重要的理论基础,进而可为优化牦牛放牧模式、维持脆弱高寒草地生态系统可持续发展和加强青藏高原国家生态安全屏障建设等提供有益参考。

关键词：放牧牦牛践踏粪尿排泄土壤结构碳氮动态高寒生态系统

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减畜对草地植被生长和土壤特性的影响研究进展

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草地学报 2022年第9期30卷 2280-2290页

作者：李佳秀张青松杜子银西华师范大学地理科学学院四川南充637009

减畜是草地恢复的重要措施,对维持草地生产力和生态系统发展平衡具有不容忽视的重要意义。减畜可通过不同程度降低牲畜对植被和土壤的干扰从而直接或间接影响草地植被生产力和土壤肥力,但关于减畜对草地植被生长和土壤特性的作用机制及... 详细信息

减畜是草地恢复的重要措施,对维持草地生产力和生态系统发展平衡具有不容忽视的重要意义。减畜可通过不同程度降低牲畜对植被和土壤的干扰从而直接或间接影响草地植被生产力和土壤肥力,但关于减畜对草地植被生长和土壤特性的作用机制及差异性尚不清楚。本文通过分析放牧牲畜与草地植被和土壤的作用关系,系统论述了减畜对草地植被群落结构、土壤理化和微生物特性等的影响,指出减畜使得牲畜放牧过程的采食、践踏和排泄行为干扰减少,并通过不同程度调控植物生长特性、土壤理化性质及微生物活性等改变土壤养分有效性、植被群落特征、生物量及其分配格局,进而影响草地生态系统生产力及其服务功能发挥。研究结论有助于加深关于减畜对草地植被-土壤体系影响效应的理论认知,进而为促进草地生态系统高质量和可持续发展等提供有益参考。

关键词：减畜植被生物量土壤特性养分有效性草地生态系统

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南充市城市表层土壤可溶性有机碳、氮分布特征

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长江流域资源与环境 2024年第5期33卷 1018-1028页

作者：王建刘金胜傅裕杜子银代清林西华师范大学地理科学学院四川南充637009

土壤可溶性碳、氮在城市生态系统碳、氮循环中扮演着重要角色。为了解城市土壤可溶性有机碳、氮的分布特征,以南充市城市土壤为研究对象,多视角分析了城市土壤可溶性有机碳、氮的分布特征。结果表明:南充市表层城市土壤可溶性有机碳含量... 详细信息

土壤可溶性碳、氮在城市生态系统碳、氮循环中扮演着重要角色。为了解城市土壤可溶性有机碳、氮的分布特征,以南充市城市土壤为研究对象,多视角分析了城市土壤可溶性有机碳、氮的分布特征。结果表明:南充市表层城市土壤可溶性有机碳含量在99.84~188.13 mg·kg^(-1)之间,土壤可溶性有机氮含量在7.57~75.09 mg·kg^(-1)之间,二者均随土壤深度的增加而降低;土壤可溶性有机碳、氮在不同植被类型下差异均显著,前者表现为:常绿林>草本>落叶林>灌木,后者从大到小依次为常绿林、落叶林、灌木、草本;防护绿地、附属绿地、道路绿地、街头绿地、公园绿地五种绿地类型城市土壤可溶性有机碳差异显著,其均值依次增大,而土壤可溶性有机氮在不同绿地类型间差异不显著;不同城市功能区绿地土壤可溶性有机碳、氮差异均达到极显著水平,前者从大到小依次为文教区、商业区、工业区、居住区,后者表现为:文教区>商业区>居住区>工业区;城市土壤利用年限越久,土壤可溶性有机碳、氮含量越高,但这种差异在不同利用年限间均不显著。城市土壤可溶性有机碳、氮在不同植被类型、绿地类型、功能区和利用年限下的差异是自然与人为因素交互作用的结果。

关键词：城市表层土壤可溶性有机碳可溶性有机氮南充市

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放牧牲畜粪尿返还对季节性冻融高寒草原N_(2)O排放的影响

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草地学报 2024年第6期32卷 1843-1855页

作者：熊朝阳张青松李佳秀杜静曹颖张雪汪爽杜子银西华师范大学地理科学学院四川南充637009 四川省金堂实验中学四川成都610400 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所中国科学院申扎高寒草原与湿地生态系统观测试验站四川成都610299

放牧牲畜粪尿斑块是草地氧化亚氮(N_(2)O)排放的热点区域,季节性冻融会不同程度改变粪尿养分返还效率和土壤特性,使粪尿作用下的土壤N2O排放特性复杂且作用机理尚不明确。本文采用静态箱-气相色谱法开展为期1年的野外控制试验,探究牦牛... 详细信息

放牧牲畜粪尿斑块是草地氧化亚氮(N_(2)O)排放的热点区域,季节性冻融会不同程度改变粪尿养分返还效率和土壤特性,使粪尿作用下的土壤N2O排放特性复杂且作用机理尚不明确。本文采用静态箱-气相色谱法开展为期1年的野外控制试验,探究牦牛和藏绵羊粪尿处理对季节性冻融藏北高寒草原土壤氮动态及N_(2)O排放通量的影响和可能的作用机制。结果表明:尿液施加对土壤N2O排放的短期促进作用明显,且均在处理第1天达到排放通量峰值;牦牛粪尿施加对土壤矿化氮含量的增加更为突出,且牛粪和牛尿处理N_(2)O年累积排放量显著高于羊粪和羊尿处理(P<0.05);冻融期各处理N_(2)O累积排放量占全年的比例为29.3%~42.4%,且消融期对非生长季的贡献最大。研究结论有助于为优化牲畜排泄物管理模式和促进季节性冻融高寒草地温室气体减排等提供理论参考。

关键词：冻融作用粪便降解硝化反硝化 N_(2)O排放高寒草原藏北高原

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From text to image:challenges in integrating vision into ChatGPT for medical image interpretation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 487-488页

作者： Shunsuke Koga Wei du Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Hospital of the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA

Large language models(LLMs),such as ChatGPT developed by OpenAI,represent a significant advancement in artificial intelligence(AI),designed to understand,generate,and interpret human language by analyzing extensive text *** potential integration into clinical settings offers a promising avenue that could transform clinical diagnosis and decision-making processes in the future(Thirunavukarasu et al.,2023).This article aims to provide an in-depth analysis of LLMs’current and potential impact on clinical *** ability to generate differential diagnosis lists underscores their potential as invaluable tools in medical practice and education(Hirosawa et al.,2023;Koga et al.,2023).

关键词： image diagnosis text

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 366-377页

作者： Samuel Abokyi Dennis Yan-yin Tse School of Optometry The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloonHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Research Center for SHARP Vision The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloonHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Center for Eye and Vision Research Sha TinHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina

Retinal aging has been recognized as a significant risk factor for various retinal disorders,including diabetic retinopathy,age-related macular degeneration,and glaucoma,following a growing understanding of the molecular underpinnings of their *** comprehensive review explores the mechanisms of retinal aging and investigates potential neuroprotective approaches,focusing on the activation of transcription factor *** meta-analyses have demonstrated promising outcomes of transcription factor EB-targeted strategies,such as exercise,calorie restriction,rapamycin,and metformin,in patients and animal models of these common retinal *** review critically assesses the role of transcription factor EB in retinal biology during aging,its neuroprotective effects,and its therapeutic potential for retinal *** impact of transcription factor EB on retinal aging is cell-specific,influencing metabolic reprogramming and energy homeostasis in retinal neurons through the regulation of mitochondrial quality control and nutrient-sensing *** vascular endothelial cells,transcription factor EB controls important processes,including endothelial cell proliferation,endothelial tube formation,and nitric oxide levels,thereby influencing the inner blood-retinal barrier,angiogenesis,and retinal ***,transcription factor EB affects vascular smooth muscle cells,inhibiting vascular calcification and *** retinal pigment epithelial cells,transcription factor EB modulates functions such as autophagy,lysosomal dynamics,and clearance of the aging pigment lipofuscin,thereby promoting photoreceptor survival and regulating vascular endothelial growth factor A expression involved in *** cell-specific functions of transcription factor EB significantly impact retinal aging mechanisms encompassing proteostasis,neuronal synapse plasticity,energy metabolism,microvasculature,and inflammation,ultimately offering pro

关键词： age-related macular degeneration anti-aging interventions autophagy calorie restriction diabetic retinopathy exercise glaucoma neuromodulation phagocytosis photoreceptor outer segment degradation retinal aging transcription factor EB

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DKP-SLAM:A Visual SLAM for Dynamic Indoor Scenes Based on Object Detection and Region Probability

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 1329-1347页

作者： Menglin yin Yong Qin Jiansheng Peng College of Automation Guangxi University of Science and TechnologyLiuzhou545000China Department of Artificial Intelligence and Manufacturing Hechi UniversityHechi546300China Key Laboratory of AI and Information Processing Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionHechi546300China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture Ecology and Applied Intelligent Technology School of Chemistry and BioengineeringHechi UniversityHechi546300China

In dynamic scenarios,visual simultaneous localization and mapping(SLAM)algorithms often incorrectly incorporate dynamic points during camera pose computation,leading to reduced accuracy and *** paper presents a dynamic SLAM algorithm that leverages object detection and regional dynamic ***,a parallel thread employs the YOLOX object detectionmodel to gather 2D semantic information and compensate for missed ***,an improved K-means++clustering algorithm clusters bounding box regions,adaptively determining the threshold for extracting dynamic object contours as dynamic points *** process divides the image into low dynamic,suspicious dynamic,and high dynamic *** the tracking thread,the dynamic point removal module assigns dynamic probability weights to the feature points in these *** with geometric methods,it detects and removes the dynamic *** final evaluation on the public TUM RGB-D dataset shows that the proposed dynamic SLAM algorithm surpasses most existing SLAM algorithms,providing better pose estimation accuracy and robustness in dynamic environments.

关键词： Visual SLAM dynamic scene YOLOX K-means++clustering dynamic probability

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