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Urban flood inundation and damage assessment based on numerical simulations of design rainstorms with different characteristics

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2020年第11期63卷 2292-2304页

作者： MEI Chao LIU JiaHong WANG Hao LI ZeJin YANG ZhiYong SHAO WeiWei ding xiangyi WENG BaiSha YU YingDong YAN DianYi State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower ResearchBeijing 100038China Engineering and Technology Research Center for Water Resources and Hydroecology of the Ministry of Water Resources Beijing 100044China

In the context of global climate change and urbanization,urban flooding is an important type of natural disaster that affects urban development,especially in China,which is experiencing rapid urbanization.In the past 10 years,urban flooding events have caused huge disaster losses in Chinese cities.This has resulted in significant negative effects on the urban infrastructure,socioeconomic systems,and urban residents,thus causing widespread concern.Studies have confirmed the change in extreme rainstorms is due to the changing environments in many cities globally.Conducting studies on the impact of these rainstorms with different characteristics for urban flooding is valuable for coping with unfavorable situations.In addition,numerical simulations provide an economical and viable means to perform these studies.This paper presents a numerical model of Xiamen Island in China.Simulations were conducted for 12 design rainstorm events with different return periods,rain patterns,and durations.The results indicate that,in the case of an equal rainfall amount,the rainfall intensity is the key factor that affects the inundated area,depth,and damages.However,the rainfall intensity is not the only determining factor;the rainfall pattern also affects the inundations.In regard to the rainfall pattern,a higher rainfall peak coefficient usually leads to severe urban inundation and damage.As a result,the lag time would be shorter,which may further exacerbate the impact of urban flood disasters.The results of this study provide insights into managing flood risks,developing urban flood prevention strategies,and designing flood prevention measures.

关键词： urban flood flood damage assessment flood disaster management numerical simulations design rainstorms

基于中国地震动参数区划图变化情景下的卡拉贝利大坝抗震安全评价研究

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水利水电技术（中英文） 2024年第S1期55卷 64-72页

作者：陈杰杨树红殷寒轧文倩彭梦航丁相毅新疆维吾尔自治区水利管理总站新疆乌鲁木齐830000 中国水利水电科学研究院水资源研究所北京100038

地震区划图调整改变了卡拉贝利大坝地震背景,需按现行标准复核大坝安全状况。本文采用安全裕度方法,从历史地震、震源深度、地震构造和概率地震等方面,复核大坝设计地震、校核地震指标;采用模型坝振动试验,从动力特性、加速度反应特性... 详细信息

地震区划图调整改变了卡拉贝利大坝地震背景,需按现行标准复核大坝安全状况。本文采用安全裕度方法,从历史地震、震源深度、地震构造和概率地震等方面,复核大坝设计地震、校核地震指标;采用模型坝振动试验,从动力特性、加速度反应特性、面板动力反应特性、地震残余变形等方面,计算大坝极限抗震能力为686~735 gal。安全裕度和抗震能力均不满足校核地震指标要求,大坝应采取工程加固措施。研究成果为卡拉贝利大坝后期抗震加固设计提供了重要支撑依据,也将为其它地震背景发生变化区域工程抗震安全评价提供借鉴参考。

关键词：地震区划图地震动参数抗震安全卡拉贝利大坝

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城市排水防涝基础设施应对能力的三个阈值

水利学报 2022年第7期53卷 789-797页

作者：刘家宏梅超邵薇薇王佳丁相毅于赢东流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室中国水利水电科学研究院北京100038 水利部数字孪生流域重点实验室(筹) 北京100038

城市排水管网、沟渠、河湖水系是承纳、转输、调蓄暴雨径流的重要基础设施,在应对城市暴雨内涝中发挥着至关重要的作用。城市排水防涝基础设施受设计标准、运行维护水平、城市下垫面环境变化等多重因素的影响,其自身应对暴雨的能力差异... 详细信息

城市排水管网、沟渠、河湖水系是承纳、转输、调蓄暴雨径流的重要基础设施,在应对城市暴雨内涝中发挥着至关重要的作用。城市排水防涝基础设施受设计标准、运行维护水平、城市下垫面环境变化等多重因素的影响,其自身应对暴雨的能力差异较大。科学量化城市排水防涝设施的应对能力对城市洪涝预报、预警和应急调度十分必要。本文提出了城市排水防涝基础设施应对能力的三个阈值,即:雨水管渠排水能力阈值、内涝防治系统应对能力阈值和应急设施防御上限阈值。这三个阈值通俗讲就是“不积水”阈值、“不内涝”阈值和“不失防”阈值。基于郑州2021年“7·20”特大暴雨灾害的调研结果,对三个阈值的表征指标和确定方法进行了初步探讨。结合文献调研,对北京、东京、深圳等城市对应阈值进行了分析量化,对暴雨量级超过不同阈值标准后的防控策略进行了探讨,提出了城市排水防涝阈值协同提升途径,可为城市极端暴雨的防控提供决策参考。

关键词：城市洪涝排水防涝基础设施郑州“7·20”暴雨阈值分析防控策略

Whittle’s Index Based Sensor Scheduling for Multiprocess Systems Under DoS Attacks

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2024年第1期37卷 329-350页

作者： CAI Zai ding Kemi Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Control Theory and Intelligent Systems Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China.

In this paper,the authors consider how to design defensive countermeasures against DoS attacks for remote state estimation of multiprocess systems.For each system,a sensor will measure its state and transmits the data packets through an unreliable channel which is vulnerable to be jammed by an attacker.Under limited communication bandwidth,only a subset of sensors are allowed for data transmission,and how to select the optimal one to maximize the accuracy of remote state estimation is the focus of the proposed work.The authors first formulate this problem as a Markov decision process and investigate the existence of optimal policy.Moreover,the authors demonstrate the piecewise monotonicity structure of optimal policy.Given the difficulty of obtaining an optimal policy of large-scale problems,the authors develop a suboptimal heuristic policy based on the aforementioned policy structure and Whittle’s index.Moreover,a closed form of the indices is derived in order to reduce implementation complexity of proposed scheduling policy and numerical examples are provided to illustrate the proposed developed results.

关键词： DoS attacks Kalman filter remote state estimation Whittle’s index.

Constraint on the focal mechanism of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake from the radial modes

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2024年第1期15卷 27-32页

作者： Weikun Chen Hao ding School of Geodesy and Geomatics Hubei LuoJia LaboratoryWuhan UniversityWuhan 430079China

Different from other normal modes of the Earth’s free oscillation that depend on all the six components(M_(rr),M_(tt),M_(pp),M_(rt),M_(rp),and M_(tp))of the centroid moment tensor,the amplitudes of the radial modes depend on the M_(rr)component(e.g.,scalar moment(M_(0)),dip(δ),and slip(λ))and hypocenter depth of the focal mechanism,and hence can be easily used to constrain these parameters of the focal mechanism.In this study,we use the superconducting gravimeter(SG)records after the 2011 Tohoku earthquake to analyze the radial modes_(0)S_(0)and_(1)S_(0).Based on the solutions of the focal mechanism provided by the GCMT and USGS,we can obtain the theoretical amplitudes of these two radial modes.Comparing the theoretical amplitudes with the observation amplitudes,it is found that there are obvious differences between the former and the latter,which means that the GCMT and USGS focal mechanisms cannot well represent the real focal mechanism of the 2011 event.Taking the GCMT solution as a reference and changing the depth and the three parameters of the M_(rr)moment,the scalar moment(M_(0))and the dip(δ)have significant influences,but the effects of the slip(λ)and the depth are minor.After comparisons,we provide a new constraint(M_(0)=5.8±0.09×10^(22)N·m,δ=10.1±0.08°,λ=88°,and depth=20 km)for the focal mechanism of the 2011 event.In addition,we further determine the center frequency(1.631567±2.6e^(-6)mHz)and quality factor(2046.4±50.1)of the_(1)S_(0)mode.

关键词： Focal mechanism Radial modes Gravity observation

Catalysis by subsurface metal atoms in Al(001) through electron transfer

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 12-13页

作者： Bo Sun ding Ma Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science New Cornerstone Science Laboratory College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University

Heterogeneous catalysis plays a crucial role in the chemical industry, which has evolved from the investigation of chemisorption to an electronic structure[1]. Diverse strategies, such as alloying,doping, and confining, have been applied to enhance the catalytic properties of active sites through electronic modulation. The electron transfer between active sites and substrates profoundly influences catalytic activity [2].

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A vertical track nonlinear energy sink

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第6期45卷 931-946页

作者： Meng LI Hu ding Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering School of Mechanics and Engineering ScienceShanghai Frontier Science Center of MechanoinformaticsShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China

Eliminating the effects of gravity and designing nonlinear energy sinks(NESs)that suppress vibration in the vertical direction is a challenging task with numerous damping requirements.In this paper,the dynamic design of a vertical track nonlinear energy sink(VTNES)with zero linear stiffness in the vertical direction is proposed and realized for the first time.The motion differential equations of the VTNES coupled with a linear oscillator(LO)are established.With the strong nonlinearity considered of the VTNES,the steady-state response of the system is analyzed with the harmonic balance method(HBM),and the accuracy of the HBM is verified numerically.On this basis,the VTNES prototype is manufactured,and its nonlinear stiffness is identified.The damping effect and dynamic characteristics of the VTNES are studied theoretically and experimentally.The results show that the VTNES has better damping effects when strong modulation responses(SMRs)occur.Moreover,even for small-amplitude vibration,the VTNES also has a good vibration suppression effect.To sum up,in order to suppress the vertical vibration,an NES is designed and developed,which can suppress the vertical vibration within certain ranges of the resonance frequency and the vibration intensity.

关键词： track nonlinear energy sink(TNES) vertical direction gravity nonlinear stiffness harmonic balance method(HBM) vibration control

Deep structure of the Southeast Asian curved subduction system and its dynamic process

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第3期42卷 701-704页

作者： Weiwei ding Key Laboratory of Submarine Geoscience&Second Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China School of Oceanography Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China

The deep structure,material circulation,and dynamic processes in the Southeast Asia have long been an elusive scientific puzzle due to the lack of systematic scientific observations and recognized theoretical models.Based on the deep seismic tomography using long-period natural earthquake data,in this study,the deep structure and material circulation of the curved subduction system in Southeast Asia was studied,and the dynamic processes since 100 million years ago was reconstructed.It is pointed out that challenges still exist in the precise reconstruction of deep mantle structures of the study area,the influence of multi-stage subduction on deep material exchange and shallow magma activity,as well as the spatiotemporal evolution and coupling mechanism of multi-plate convergence.Future work should focus on high-resolution land-sea joint 3-D seismic tomography imaging of the curved subduction system in the Southeast Asia,combined with geochemical analysis and geodynamic modelling works.

关键词： curved subduction system deep structure material recycling dynamic process Southeast Asia

The Role of Childhood Circumstances in Healthy Aging Inequalities Among Older Adults—China,2011–2020

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China CDC weekly 2024年第11期6卷 208-212,I0004-I0007页

作者： Peng Nie Xili Lin Lanlin ding School of Economics and Finance Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an CityShaanxi ProvinceChina Global Health Institute Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’an CityShaanxi ProvinceChina National School of Development Peking UniversityBeijingChina

What is already known about this topic?Addressing health disparities is a worldwide priority,with a well-established acknowledgment of the influence of childhood circumstances on these discrepancies.In China,particularly among the elderly,health inequalities are a notable concern.What is added by this report?The inequality in healthy aging has increased from 2011 to 2020,both in general and concerning childhood factors.Nevertheless,the impact of early-life healthcare access and parental health behaviors on healthy aging gaps has reduced among older adults in better health within the top segment of healthy aging.What are the implications for public health practice?Efforts towards reducing regional health disparities and improving healthcare access for children,along with promoting the health and well-being of parents,especially in economically disadvantaged households,are crucial policy considerations.

关键词： ledgment inequalities circumstances