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Quantification and prediction of enteric methane emissions from Chinese lactating Holstein dairy cows fed diets with different dietary neutral detergent fiber/non-fibrous carbohydrate(NDF/NFC)ratios

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第3期21卷 797-811页

作者： DONG Li-feng JIA Peng LI Bin-chang WANG Bei YANG Chun-lei LIU Zhi-hao diao qi-yu Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Sino-US Joint Lab on Nutrition and Metabolism of Ruminant/CAAS-CIAT Joint Laboratory in Advanced Technologies for Sustainable AgricultureBeijing 100081P.R.China Institute of Ruminant Research College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730020P.R.China College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310014P.R.China

Methane(CH_(4))emissions from ruminant production are a significant source of anthropogenic greenhouse gas production,but few studies have examined the enteric CH_(4)emissions of lactating dairy cows under different feeding regimes in China.This study aimed to investigate the influence of different dietary neutral detergent fiber/non-fibrous carbohydrate(NDF/NFC)ratios on production performance,nutrient digestibility,and CH_(4)emissions for Holstein dairy cows at various stages of lactation.It evaluated the performance of CH_(4)prediction equations developed using local dietary and milk production variables compared to previously published prediction equations developed in other production regimes.For this purpose,36 lactating cows were assigned to one of three treatments with differing dietary NDF/NFC ratios:low(NDF/NFC=1.19),medium(NDF/NFC=1.54),and high(NDF/NFC=1.68).A modified acid-insoluble ash method was used to determine nutrient digestibility,while the sulfur hexafluoride technique was used to measure enteric CH4 emissions.The results showed that the dry matter(DM)intake of cows at the early,middle,and late stages of lactation decreased significantly(P<0.01)from 20.9 to 15.4 kg d^(–1),15.3 to 11.6 kg d^(–1),and 16.4 to 15.0 kg d^(–1),respectively,as dietary NDF/NFC ratios increased.Across all three treatments,DM and gross energy(GE)digestibility values were the highest(P<0.05)for cows at the middle and late lactation stages.Daily CH_(4)emissions increased linearly(P<0.05),from 325.2 to 391.9 kg d^(–1),261.0 to 399.8 kg d^(–1),and 241.8 to 390.6 kg d^(–1),respectively,as dietary NDF/NFC ratios increased during the early,middle,and late stages of lactation.CH_(4)emissions expressed per unit of metabolic body weight,DM intake,NDF intake,or fat-corrected milk yield increased with increasing dietary NDF/NFC ratios.In addition,CH_(4)emissions expressed per unit of GE intake increased significantly(P<0.05),from 4.87 to 8.12%,5.16 to 9.25%,and 5.06 to 8.17%respectively,as dietary NDF/NFC ratios increased during t

关键词： methane emission feeding regime prediction equation lactating dairy cow

Long term effects of artificial rearing before weaning on the growth performance, ruminal microbiota and fermentation of fattening lambs

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第4期21卷 1146-1160页

作者： HUANG Wen-qin CUI Kai HAN Yong CHAI Jian-min WANG Shi-qin LÜXiao-kang diao qi-yu ZHANG Nai-feng Institute of Feed Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100081P.R.China Guizhou Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science Guizhou 550005P.R.China Department of Animal Science Division of AgricultureUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleAR72701USA

Early life intervention is important to shape the gut microbiome profiles of adult animals due to the tremendous alteration of diet components. Nevertheless, there is still no unified understanding about its long-term effects in lambs. In this study, sixty 20-day-old lambs were assigned into ewe-rearing(ER) and artificial-rearing(AR) treatments to evaluate the effects of AR strategy on ruminal microbiota, fermentation, and morphology of pre-weaning lambs(from 20 to 60 days of age) and its long-term effects in the fattening stage(from 61 to 180 days of age). During the pre-weaning stage, ER lambs were breastfed and supplemented starter, while AR lambs were artificially fed with milk replacer and starter. During the fattening stage, all lambs in both treatments were fed with the same fattening diets. At 60, 120 and 180 days of age, 6 lambs from each group were slaughtered to collect rumen content and tissue samples. Compared with ER lambs, the dry matter feed intakes of AR lambs increased(P0.05), it was higher(P<0.05) in AR lambs compared with ER lambs at the fattening stage. The rumen keratin layer of AR lambs was thinner(P<0.05) than that of ER lambs. Along with lamb growth from 60 to 180 days of age, the differences in rumen bacterial diversity between AR and ER treatments grew more distinct(P<0.05). Compared with ER lambs, AR lambs increased(P<0.05) rumen bacteria abundance, such as phylum Spirochaetes and genus Treponema at 60 days of age, phylum Actinobacteria and genus Succiniclasticum at 120 days of age, and phylum Proteobacteria at 180 days of age, but decreased genus Selenomonas from 60 to 180 days of age, and Anaerovibrio at 180 days of age. In summary, the early interventions before weaning could imp

关键词： artificial rearing lamb rumen microbiome rumen fermentation growth

Current research progresses on calf rearing and nutrition in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第12期16卷 2805-2814页

作者： diao qi-yu ZhAng Rong Tu Yan Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology Ministry of Agriculture/Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition Beijing 100081 P.R.China

Calves are the reserve forces for dairy cattle. Scientific rearing strategy of calves is the basis of efficient cattle breeding. However, many problems exist in current rearing systems of calves and restrict the sustainable development of dairy cattle in China. The absence of basic research is the most highlighted problem among them. Recent researches on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood biochemical indices and rumen development in calves were summarized in this paper. Additionally, the optimal levels of energy and protein in milk replacer and starter diets for calves were indicated, and limiting amino acids for calves fed different diets were discussed. A variety of additives, such as acidifiers, probiotics and polysaccharides, are regarded as promising alternatives to antibiotics to reduce disease in calves. Dietary supplementations of these additives have positive effects on growth and health of calves. However, studies on the nutrition of vitamins and minerals in calves have been seldom done, and deserve our further researches. To sum up, the postnatal period is one of the most critical “windows” for rumen manipulation and epigenetic regulation. Any changes from environments, especially early nutrition, may produce long-term effects on growth, health and milk yields in adult cattle.

关键词： calf rearing growth physiology nutrition additives

Weaning methods affect ruminal methanogenic archaea composition and diversity in Holstein calves

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第5期18卷 1080-1092页

作者： DONG Li-feng MA Jun-nan TU Yan diao qi-yu Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition/Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology Ministry of Agriculture

The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of different weaning methods on the ruminal methanogenic archaea composition and diversity in Holstein calves.Thirty-six newborn Holstein bull calves were assigned to 1 of 3 treatments:(1)conventional weaning(d 56)and fed a high proportion of solid feed(CWS);(2)conventional weaning(d 56)and fed a high proportion of liquid feed(CWL);(3)early weaning(d 42)and fed with a high proportion of solid feed(EWS).High-throughput sequencing of the methyl coenzyme M reductase(mcr A)gene,which encodes theα-subunit of methyl coenzyme M reductase-the enzyme that catalyzes the final step in methanogenesis was used to determine the composition and diversity of rumen methanogens.No significant difference(P>0.05)was observed for operational taxonomic units(OTUs)or richness indices,but diversity indices increased(P<0.05)for calves fed high dietary solids.Predominant families across the three treatments were Methanobacteriaceae,Thermoplasmataceae and Methanomassiliicoccaceae.Calves in the EWS treatment had a higher(P<0.05)relative abundance of Methanobrevibacter sp.strain AbM4 and Methanosphaera stadtmanae,while calves in the CWL treatment had a higher(P<0.05)abundance of Methanosphaera sp.strain SM9.A positive(P<0.05)relationship was identified between butyrate and Methanobrevibacter sp.strain AbM4.In conclusion,the composition and diversity of methanogens in the rumen of Holstein calves varied under the different weaning methods.This study identified a positive relationship between butyrate and Methanobrevibacter sp.strain AbM4,potentially reflecting correlations between ruminal fermentation variables and methanogenesis function.These in-depth analyses provide further understanding of weaning methods for intensified production systems.

关键词： calf methyl coenzyme M reductase(mcrA)gene methanogenic archaea diversity rumen fermentation weaning methods

Effects of different feeding methods and space allowance on the growth performance, individual and social behaviors of Holstein calves

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第6期16卷 1375-1382页

作者： DONG Li-feng XU Xian-cha ZHANG Nai-feng TU Yan diao qi-yu Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology Ministry of Agriculture Beijing 100081 P.R. China

The importance of nutrient provisions and weaning methods for calves has been well established over the past few years,while as increasing interest has focused on contribution of animal behavior and their overall performance in production regimes.The present study investigated the effects of feeding methods and space allowance on growth performance,individual and social behaviors in Holstein calves.Twenty-four Chinese Holstein male and female calves were allocated to either an individual or group of 6 and fed either with a bucket or a teat.Milk replacer,calf starter,and Chinese wildrye were offered during the experiment.A fecal index used in the present study was defined as the total fecal scores/total number of calves in each treatment.The results showed that there was no significant difference among the 4 treatments in terms of feed intake,body weight,average daily gain,and fecal index.For the feeding behaviors,the ingesting milk time and ingesting milk rate were significantly affected by space allowance,while the feeding methods showed a significant influence on the bunting behavior of the calves.There was no significant difference among the 4 treatments in terms of licking fixtures,self-grooming,and lying down behaviors,irrespective of the feeding method or space allowance.However,sucking an empty bucket or the teat was significantly affected by the feeding method.Several selected group behaviors were examined in the present study,and similar values for sniffing the other calves,social grooming,and cross-sucking behaviors were observed.Overall,the present study demonstrated that different feeding methods and space allowances had a significant effect on the feeding behavior of calves,while the feed intake,growth performance,health condition,individual and group social behaviors were not significantly influenced.Furthermore,under intensified production systems,Holstein calves raised in a group may obtain a similar production performance,thus reducing management input and profitability compared with those kept i

关键词： dairy calves feeding approach space allowance growth performance animal behavior

Rumen fermentation and bacterial communities in weaned Chahaer lambs on diets with different protein levels

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第7期15卷 1564-1574页

作者： YANG Chun-tao SI Bing-wen diao qi-yu JIN Hai ZENG Shu-qin TU Yan Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Feed BiotechnologyMinistry of AgricultureBeijing 100081P.R.China Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences Huhhot 010000P.R.China

We evaluatedthe effects of diets with different crude protein （CP） levels on growth performance, rumen fermentation and bacterial communities in weaned Chahaer lambs. 128 weaned Chahaer lambs （（20.56±1.43） kg body weight; ram：ewe 1：1） aged （61±1.85） d were randomly alotted to one of four diets with CP content of 11.17% （T1）, 12.06% （T2）, 13.40% （T3） or 14.36% （T4）.Ruminal fermentation parameters were measured and bacterial communities were analysed using PCR-dena-turing gradient gel electrophoresis （PCR-DGGE） and quantitative PCR. The average daily gain and feed utilization efifciency in T3 were higher than those in the other groups （P〈0.05）, although the dry matter intake and metabolizable energy intake were similar. Total volatile fatty acid concentration in the ruminal lfuid of T3 was lower than that of T1 （P=0.011）, T2 （P=0.008） or T4 （P=0.309）. The ammonia nitrogen concentration and acetate/propionate ratio of ruminal lfuid were signiifcantly higher in lambs fed the higher CP diets, whereas the molar concentrations of propionate and butyrate of ruminal lfuid were lower. The rumen bacterial community was similar in T2 and T3 which shown more stable and diverse rumen microbes ecosystem compared with the other groups. The DGGE proifles and phylogenetic tree indicated thatBacteroides uniformis,Clostrid-iumalkalicellulosi,Alkalibaculum bacchiandSaccharofermentanssp.were common bacterium of Chahaer lamb rumen. B. uniformis,C.alkalicelulosi,Saccharofermentanssp. andGracilibacter thermotolerans,which belong to the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutesphyla,were the dominant species in the rumen of lambs fed 13.40% CP.However,Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus lfavefaciensand Butyrivibrio ifbrisolvenswerenot differentin lambs fed different CP diets. Therefore, it could be concluded thatB. uniformis,C.alkalicelulosi,A. bacchiandSaccharofermentanssp.were common bacteria of Chahaer lamb rumen. Furthermore, the dietary CP of 13.04% could improve performance and change rumen fermentation model by increasing the dominant species’ pea

关键词： dietary crude protein rumen fermentation bacterial diversity weaned lamb PCR-DGGE

Effects of dietary amylose to amylopectin ratio on growth performance,carcass quality characteristics and meat fatty acids in Chinese qinchuan cattle

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第12期20卷 3256-3269页

作者： PIAO Min-yu HU Feng-ming KONG Fan-lin LIU yun-long WANG Shuo CUI Kai SUN Tao diao qi-yu TU Yan Institute of Feed Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081P.R.China Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition Beijing Municipal Commission of Science and TechnologyBeijing 100744P.R.China Sino-US Joint Laboratory on Nutrition and Metabolism of Ruminants Beijing 100081P.R.China ABNA Management(Shanghai)Co. Ltd.Shanghai 200051P.R.China

This study evaluated the effects of the dietary starch amylose/amylopectin ratio on growth performance,rumen fermentation and blood parameters,carcass characteristics and marbling score,and meat fatty acid profiles and transcriptional changes in the genes involved in the gluconeogenesis pathway in Chinese qinchuan cattle.Forty-five cattle were randomly divided into three groups.The bulls were fed a control diet(middle amylose/amylopectin ratio=0.47)or diets with either waxy corn starch(WS)inclusion(low amylose/amylopectin ratio=0.23)or pea starch(PS)inclusion(high amylose/amylopectin ratio=0.60)for 90 days.The bulls were individually allowed to receive the diets at the daily amount of at least 2.1%of their individual BW twice daily.The bulls were weighed at 45-day intervals,and blood and rumen fluid samples were also collected at 45-day intervals.The bulls were slaughtered and longissimus thoracis(LT)samples were collected for meat quality measurements.Compared with PS,the average daily gain(ADG)and feed efficiency in control and WS were increased(P0.05)among the three groups.Compared with PS,the serum insulin concentration in WS was increased(P0.05).

关键词： amylose/amylopectin ratio Chinese qinchuan cattle utilization efficiency of starch gluconeogenesis intramuscular fat

Protein requirements of early-weaned Dorper crossbred female lambs

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第5期16卷 1138-1144页

作者： MA Tao DENG Kai-dong TU Yan ZHANG Nai-feng SI Bing-wen XU Gui-shan diao qi-yu Feed Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology Ministry of Agriculture/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences College of Animal Science Jinling Institute of Technology College of Animal Science Tarim University

The net protein （NP） and metabolizable protein （MP） requirements of Dorper crossbred female lambs from 20 to 35 kg body weight （BW） were assessed in a comparative slaughter trial. Thirty-five Dorper×thin-tailed Hart crossbred lambs weaned at approximately 50 d of age （（19.1±2.37） kg of BW） were used. Seven randomly selected lambs were slaughtered at the beginning of the trial as baseline group （BL）. An intermediate group of seven randomly selected lambs fed ad libitum （AL） intake was slaughtered when the lambs reached an average BW of 28.6 kg. The remaining 21 lambs were allotted randomly to three levels of dry matter intake： AL or restricted to 70 or 40% of the AL intake. All lambs were slaughtered when the sheep fed AL intake reached 35 kg of BW. Total body N and N retention were determined. The results showed that the maintenance requirements for NP and MP were 1.75 and 3,37 g kg^-1 metabolic shrunk body weight （SBW^0.75）, respectively. The partial efficiency of protein use for maintenance was 0.52. The NP requirements for growth ranged from 10.9 to 42.4 g d^-1 for the lambs gaining 100 to 350 g d^-1 from 20 to 35 kg BW. The partial efficiency of MP for growth was 0.52. In conclusion, the NP and MP requirements for the maintenance and growth of Dorper crossbred female lambs were lower than those reported by AFRC （1993） and NRC （2007） recommendations.

关键词： growth maintenance metabolizable protein net protein lamb

Growth performance and rumen microorganism differ between segregated weaning lambs and grazing lambs

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第4期15卷 872-878页

作者： JI Shou-kun JIANG Cheng-gang LI Rui diao qi-yu TU Yan ZHANG Nai-feng SI Bing-wen Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Jinfeng Animal Husbandry Group Co. Ltd.

Two feeding patterns of the segregated weaning or grazing in the pasture are carried out worldwide in animal production. To investigate the difference of growth performance and rumen microorganism population related to methane metabolism in the two feeding patterns, three groups of lambs （70 in total） were used： Weaning at 21 days old and being subjected to high-concentration diets （3WK group with 20 lambs）, weaning at 35 days old and being subjected to high-concentration diets （5WK group with 20 lambs）, or grazing at pasture with the nursing mother （Grazing group with 30 lambs）. The growth performance, pH value of rumen content, and the rumen microbes were investigated during weaning period and fattening period with approximately 3 months. Our results showed that lambs in 3WK and 5WK groups demonstrated a better growth performance than the lambs in Grazing group, but no significant difference was observed in the pH value between the three groups （P〉0.05）. The total rumen bacterial population of the Grazing lambs was significantly lower than that of 3WK lambs （P〈0.05） and 5WK lambs （P〈0.05）; however, the population of methanogens was 4.2- and 2.7-fold lower in the 3WK （P〈0.05） and 5WK （P〈0.05） lambs compared with Grazing lambs, respectively; protozoa were also 3.5- and 3.4-fold lower in the 3WK （P〈0.05） and 5WK （P〈0.05） lambs, respectively. The results revealed that segregated weaning lambs may have better growth performance, and reduce methane-producing microbes.

关键词： weaning grazing growth performance microorganism methane emission