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Progress and review of the studies on the end-Triassic mass extinction event

Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第12期48卷 2049-2060页

作者： deng shenghui1,2, lu yuanzheng1,2,3.& xu daoyi4 1. research institute of petroleum exploration and development, beijing 100083. china 2. Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir of Petrochina, beijing 100083. china 3. china University of Geosciences, beijing 100083. china 4. institute of Geology, china Earthquake Administration, beijing 100029, china 1. research {1. of petroleum exploration and development 100083 Beijing China 2. Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir of Petrochina 100083 Beijing China 3. china University of Geosciences 100083 Beijing China 4. institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration 100029 Beijing China

The mass extinction at the end-Triassic is one of the five biggest in the Phanerozoic. However,it is the least well understood among these five events, and only till last decade it became a great academic interesting subject to geologists. The evidences for this event come obviously from bivalves, brachiopods, ammonites, corals, radiolaria, ostracods and foraminifera of marine habitats, and plants and tetrapods of terrestrial realm. By contrast, for some of other groups, such as marine gastropods and marine vertebrates, no mass extinction has been recog-nized yet. The extinction event is strongly marked at specific level but shown a complicated situa-tion at generic and family levels. Dramatic changing of the environment, such as the temperature raise due to the greenhouse effect, the marine anoxic habitats caused by a sudden transgression after the regression at the end of Triassic, has been claimed to be the main cause of the extinction. Many hypotheses have been suggested to demonstrate the mechanisms of the environment changing, among which two popular ones are the bolide impact and volcanic eruption. The Triassic-Jurassic (Tr-J) boundary mass extinction event is still poorly understood because no enough data have been obtained from the Tr-J boundary successional sections of both marine and terrestrial sediments, and most of these studies were regionally restricted. The basic aspects of the event and its associated environmental conditions remain poorly characterized and the causal mechanism or mechanisms are equivocal. Some authors even doubt its occurrence. china has many successionally developed terrestrial and marine Tr-J sections. Detailed studies of these sections may be important and significant for well understanding of the event.

关键词： progress, review, end-Triassic, mass extinction, mechanism, Tr-J boundary.

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Geochemical characteristics and origin of gases from the Upper,Lower Paleozoic and the Mesozoic reservoirs in the Ordos Basin,china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 183-194页

作者： HU AnPing 1 ,Li Jian 2 ,ZHANG WenZheng 3 ,LI ZhiSheng 2 ,HOU lu 4 &LIU QuanYou 5 1 Department of Earth Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027,china 2 Langfang Branch,Reasearch institute of petroleum exploration and development,Petrochina,Langfang 065007,china 3 institute of exploration and development,Petrochina Changqing Oilfield Company,Xi’an 710021,china 4 University of petroleum,beijing102249,china 5 Petrochina research institute of petroleum exploration and development,beijing 100083.china 1. Department of Earth Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China2. Langfang Branch Reasearch Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Langfang 065007 China3. Institute of Exploration and Development PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company Xi’an 710021 China4. University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China5. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Beijing 100083 China

The Ordos Basin,the second largest sedimentary basin in china,contains the broad distribution of natural gas *** far,several giant gas fields have been discovered in the Upper and Lower Paleozoic in this basin,each having over 1.00×1. 8 m 3 of proven gas reserves,and several gas pools have also been discovered in the *** paper collected the data of natural gases and e{1.cidated the geochemical characteristics of gases from different reservoirs,and then discussed their *** hydrocarbons preserved in the Upper Paleozoic,the elevatedδ1.C va{1.es of methane,ethane and propane indicate that the gases would be mainly coal-formed gases;the singular reversal in the stable carbon isotopes of gaseous alkanes suggests the mixed gases from humic sources with different *** the Lower Paleozoic,theδ1.C 1.va{1.es are mostly similar with those in the Upper Paleozoic,but theδ1.C 2 andδ1.C 3 va{1.es are slightly lighter,suggesting that the gases would be mixing of coal-type gases as a main member and oil-type *** are multiple reversals in carbon isotopes for gaseous alkanes,especially abnormal reversal for methane and ethane(i.e.δ1.C 1.>δ1.C 2 ),inferring that gases would be mixed between high-mature coal-formed gases and oil-type *** the Mesozoic,the δ1.Cva{1.es for gaseous alkanes are enriched in 1.C,indicating that the gases are mainly derived from sapropelic sources;the carbon isotopic reversal for propane and butane in the Mesozoic is caused by microbial oxidation and mixing of gases from sapropelic sources with different *** contrast to the Upper Paleozoic gases,the Mesozoic gases are characterized by heavier carbon isotopes of iso-butane than normal butane,which may be caused by gases generated from different kerogen types. Finally,according toδ1.C 1.-Ro relationship and extremely low total organic carbon contents,the Low Paleozoic gases would not be generated from the Ordovician source as a main gas source,bycontrast, the Upper Pale

关键词： Ordos Basin natural gas chemical composition carbon isotope genesis

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Structural characteristics of the Tan-lu fault zone in Cenozoic basins offshore the Bohai Sea

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 20-31页

作者： QI JiaFu1,2,ZHOU XinHuai3,deng RongJing4 & ZHANG KeXin2 1 State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting,china petroleum University,beijing 102249,china 2 Department of Earth Sciences,china petroleum University,beijing 102200,china 3 Tianjin Branch of CNOOC china Limited,Tianjin 300451,china 4 beijing research Center of CNOOC china Limited,beijing100027,china china Petr Univ State Key Lab Petr Resource & Prospecting Beijing 102249 Peoples R China china Petr Univ Dept Earth Sci Beijing 102200 Peoples R China CNOOC china Ltd Tianjin Branch Tianjin 300451 Peoples R China CNOOC china Ltd Beijing Res Ctr Beijing 100027 Peoples R China

The Tan-lu fault zone across the eastern margin of the Cenozoic basins offshore the Bohai Sea is a NNE-trending right-lateral strike-slip fault system developed in the Cenozoic basin cover. It cuts through NE-to NNE-striking major extensional faults that controlled the formation of Paleogene basins. Recent {1. exploration indicates that Cenozoic structural activities of the Tan-lu fault system have directly or indirectly affected oil and gas distribution offshore the Bohai Sea. As part of a deep fault zone the Tan-lu fault zone has been activated since the Oligocene,and obviously affected the tectonic evolution of offshore Bohai basins since then. The formation of Paleogene rift basins offshore the Bohai Sea has utilized the pre-existing structural elements of the Tan-lu fault zone that developed in the late Mesozoic.

关键词： strike-slip fault extensional structure Tan-lu fault zone Bohaiwan basin

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THE TERRESTRIAL TRIASSIC-JURASSIC BOUNDARY IN THE JUNGGAR BASIN,XINJIANG,NORTHWEST china——SUGGESTION ON GEOCHEMICAL,PALAEOBOTANICAL AND PALYNOLOGICAL EVIDENCES

THE TERRESTRIAL TRIASSIC-JURASSIC BOUNDARY IN THE JUNGGAR BA...

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侏罗系界限及地质事件国际学术研讨会

作者： shenghui deng yuanzheng lu research institute of petroleum exploration & development(RIPED) Petrochina beijing 100083.china

＜正＞The terrestrial Triassic and Jurassic strata are successionally developed in some basins of china, of which the Junggar basin, Xinjiang, Northwest china is the representative one.

关键词： terrestrial strata Triassic-Jurassic boundary Junggar basin organic carbon isotope macroplant spore-pollen

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库车坳陷两期成藏及其对油气分布的影响

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石油学报 2003年第5期24卷 16-20,25页

作者：赵孟军卢双舫中国石油勘探开发研究院北京100083 大庆石油学院黑龙江大庆163318

对库车坳陷的成藏期次和成藏过程进行了研究 ,结果表明 ,库车坳陷具有两期成藏的地质条件。晚白垩世—早第三纪末在山前已经形成挤压背景下的构造圈闭 ,该时期的圈闭主要聚集源自三叠系烃源岩的油气 ;中新世以来是库车前陆盆地发育的时... 详细信息

对库车坳陷的成藏期次和成藏过程进行了研究 ,结果表明 ,库车坳陷具有两期成藏的地质条件。晚白垩世—早第三纪末在山前已经形成挤压背景下的构造圈闭 ,该时期的圈闭主要聚集源自三叠系烃源岩的油气 ;中新世以来是库车前陆盆地发育的时期 ,此时构造变形作用最强烈 ,形成的圈闭以聚集晚期生成的天然气为主。油气源对比结果和储层沥青、包裹体的研究为库车坳陷两期成藏提供了直接的地球化学证据 ,库车坳陷经历了早期油气的聚集、破坏和晚期天然气聚集、调整的过程。早期 (白垩纪末期—早第三纪 )成藏以侧向运移为主 ;晚期 (晚第三纪以来 ,主要是上新世—第四纪 )成藏则具有侧向、垂向运移并重的特点。

关键词：库车坳陷构造演化生烃史两期成藏成藏过程油气分布

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Late Early Jurassic Floras in the North of china and Their Palaeoclimate Implications

Late Early Jurassic Floras in the North of China and Their P...

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第八届国际侏罗系大会

作者： shenghui deng 1 yuanzheng lu 1 Guobin Fu 2 Ru Fan 1 Wenzhe Duan 1 1. State Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery(research institute of petroleum exploration and development Petrochina)beijing 100083.china 2. research institute of petroleum exploration and development of Turpan-Hami Oil Company Petrochina Hami 839009 Xinjiang china

＜正＞The terrestrial upper Lower Jurassic strata are extremely developed in china, of which those in the South of china are chiefly composed of red beds,

关键词： Upper of the Lower Jurassic Flora Toarcian Palaeoclimate North of china

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Petrophysical and capillary pressure properties of the upper Triassic xujiahe Formation tight gas sandstones in western Sichuan,{1.

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petroleum Science 2011年第1期8卷 34-42页

作者： Ye Sujuan lu Zhengxiang Li Rong exploration and Production {1. institute Sinopec Southwest CompanySichuan 610081China Chengdu institute of Geology and Mineral Resources Sichuan 610081China

The tight sandstones of the Upper Triassic xujiahe Formation（T_3x） constitute important gas reservoirs in western *** xujiahe sandstones are characterized by low to very low porosity （av.5.22%and 3.62%） for the T_3x^4 and T_3x^2 sandstones,respectively）,extremely low permeability（av. 0.060 mD and 0.058 mD for the T_3x^4 and T_3x^2 sandstones,respectively）,strong heterogeneity,micronano pore throat,and poor pore throat *** a result of complex pore structure and the occurrence of fractures,weak correlations exist between petrophysical properties and pore throat size,demonstrating that porosity or pore throat size alone does not serve as a good permeability *** improved correlations can be obtained between permeability and porosity when pore throat radii are incorporated. Correlations between porosity,permeability,and pore throat radii corresponding to different saturations of mercury were established,showing that the pore throat radius at 20%mercury saturation（R_（20）） is the best permeability *** regression analysis and artificial neural network（ANN） methods were used to establish permeability prediction models and the unique characteristics of neural networks enable them to be more successful in predicting permeability than the multivariate regression *** addition, four petrophysical rock types can be identified based on the distributions of R_（20）,each exhibiting distinct petrophysical properties and corresponding to different flow units.

关键词： Western Sichuan upper Triassic xujiahe Formation tight sandstones permeability porosity pore throat radius regression analysis artificial neural network

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Why Terrestrial Stable Carbon-isotope Stratigraphy Works: a Review

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2014年第5期88卷 1603-1613页

作者： FANG Linhao lu {1. deng shenghui State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Department of Earth Sciences University of Oxford research {1. of petroleum exploration and development Petro China

Carbon-isotope stratigraphy launched since the early technological development of carbon- isotope measurement in 1.50s, however, the emergence and advance of terrestrial carbon-isotope stratigraphy took quite a long way. At early stage the {1. of carbon-isotope stratigraphy based on the marine biological shell carbonates was verified by repeatable carbon-isotope stratigraphic data, laboratory chemical experiments and the later laboratory foraminiferal culture experiments. The breakthrough for testifying the fundamentals of terrestrial carbon-isotope stratigraphy lies on the synchronous fluctuations between the carbon-isotope stratigraphic curves derived from marine biological shell carbonates and those derived from terrestrial C3 plants. The character that carbon-isotope stratigraphic curves can be globally synchronously correlated over the marine and terrestrial/atmospheric reservoir mainly excludes the potential biasing factors, such as diagenetic bias, carbon-isotope variations in intra/inter individual plant in same species or between species, ecological changes, changes in aridity, changes in source input and representative sampling. Therefore, the fundamentals of terrestrial carbon-isotope stratigraphy based on C3 plant successfully established. The terrestrial carbon-isotope stratigraphy can be used for global stratigraphic correlation, reconstructing the evolution of atmospheric CO2 and can further verify the published global carbon-cycle models. The terrestrial carbon-isotope stratigraphy based on the compound specific biomarkers and single-grained pollen may be a promising perspective in future.

关键词： terrestrial stratigraphic correlation carbon-isotope stratigraphy diagenesis carbon cycles

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A discussion on the upper limit of maturity for gas generation by marine kerogens and the utmost of gas generative potential:Taking the study on the Tarim Basin as an example

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Science Bulletin 2007年第S1期 125-132页

作者： CHEN JianPing1.2, ZHAO WenZhi1. XIAO ZhongYao3, ZHANG ShuiChang1.2, deng ChunPing1.2, SUN YongGe4 & WANG ZhaoMing3 1.{1. institute of petroleum exploration & development, Petrochina, beijing 100083. china 2 Key Lab of petroleum Geochemistry, CNPC, beijing 100083. china 3 {1. institute of petroleum exploration & development, Tarim Oilfield Company, Petrochina, Korla 841.00, china 4 State Key Lab of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 51.640, china

The experimental data yielded by Rock-Eval pyrolysis, kerogen atomic H/C, Py-GC and gold-tube sealing thermal simulation on the marine Cambrian-Ordovician source rock from the Tarim Basin revealed that the upper limit of maturity for natural gas generation or the "deadline of gas generation" for marine types I and II kerogens is equal to 3.0% of vitrinite reflectance (Ro); while the "deadline of gas generation" for type III kerogens typically like coals is as high as 1.% Ro. Thus, different organic matter has obviously different utmost maturities for gas generation. The mass-balance calculation by kerogen elements showed that when Ro>1.5%, the utmost amount of gas generation for the marine type II kerogen is less than 1.5 m3/t TOC, accounting for less than 30% of its total hydrocarbon generative potential; when Ro>2.0%, it becomes 1.0 m3/t TOC, less than 20% of the total hydrocarbon generative potential. The amount of the gas generative potential obtained by Rock-Eval is only around one tenth of the calculated value by the mass balance of kerogen elements at the same thermal evolutionary stage, while those by Py-GC and gold-tube sealing simulation are intervenient between the above two. The utmost of gas generative potential at the over 1.3% Ro stage is around 60―90 m3/t TOC, therefore, the amount of gas generation obtained by Rock-Eval is the minimum of gas generative potential, while that by the mass-balance calculation of kerogen elements is the maximum that the actual amount of gas generation should not exceed.

关键词： marine source rock kerogen maturity natural gas deadline of gas generation utmost of gas generative potential

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Carbon isotope composition and correlation across the Cambrian-Ordovician boundary in Kalpin Region of the Tarim Basin, china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第9期51卷 1317-1329页

作者： JING XiuChun deng {1. ZHAO ZongJu lu yuanzheng ZHANG ShiBen School of the Earth Sciences and Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China research {1. of petroleum exploration and development Beijing 100083China

Biostratigraphically constrained sequences at the Wushi Yingshan and Kalpin Cement Plant sections (Kalpin Region; Tarim Basin) were densely sampled for geochemical studies. Carbonates across the Cambrian-Ordovician boundary of both sections mainly record negative carbon isotope values. Stable isotope curves show four negative and four positive excursions appearing alternately at the Wushi Yingshan section and five negative alternating with five positive excursions at the Kalpin Cement Plant section. The carbon isotope logs of these two sections are correlated with the international Cambrian-Ordovician boundary key sections: (1. Dayangcha section in {1., (2) Green Point section in Canada, (3) Black mountain section in Australia and (4) Lowson Cove section in USA. These correlations suggest that the Cambrian-Ordovician boundary of the Wushi Yingshan section and the Kalpin Cement Plant section can be placed within a particular horizon that also corresponds to the observed biostratigraphic units.

关键词： Cambrian-Ordovician boundary carbon isotopes conodonts Tarim Basin

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