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硅谷的最大危险:美国摒弃全球化——专访斯坦福大学教授理查德·达舍(Richard dasher)

清华管理评论 2019年第6期 6-13页

作者：马晓澄彭茜理查德·达舍(Richard dasher) 清华大学技术创新研究中心加州大学伯克利分校斯坦福大学

硅谷的创新浪潮在一波一波持续。然而硅谷也面临诸多挑战,其最大的挑战在于美国摒弃全球化的态度,而硅谷植根于全球市场和全球人才。硅谷和中国的创新TBR:您观察到的中国创新系统是如何演变的?理查德·达舍:50年前,硅谷很习以为常的事情... 详细信息

硅谷的创新浪潮在一波一波持续。然而硅谷也面临诸多挑战,其最大的挑战在于美国摒弃全球化的态度,而硅谷植根于全球市场和全球人才。硅谷和中国的创新TBR:您观察到的中国创新系统是如何演变的?理查德·达舍:50年前,硅谷很习以为常的事情,对很多中国人而言却是难以理解的。比如公司上市是什么?那是一个新概念。

关键词：理查德全球化硅谷大学教授最大危险美国专访创新系统

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Chronic hepatitis B infection in pregnancy

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第9期7卷 1233-1237页

作者： Jennifer R Lamberth Sheila C Reddy Jen-Jung Pan Kevin J dasher Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionDepartment of Internal Medicine the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston

There are no standard guidelines to follow when a patient with chronic hepatitis B infection becomes pregnant or desires pregnancy. Topics to consider include which patients to treat, when to start treatment, what treatment to use and when to stop treatment. Without any prophylaxis or antiviral therapy, a hepatitis B surface antigen and E antigen positive mother has up to a 90% likelihood of vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus(HBV) to child. Standard of care in the United States to prevent perinatal transmission consists of administration of hepatitis B immune globulin and HBV vaccination to the infant. The two strongest risk factors of mother to child transmission(MTCT) of HBV infection despite immunoprophylaxis are high maternal HBV viral load and high activity of viral replication. The goal is to prevent transmission of HBV at birth by decreasing viral load and/or decreasing activity of the virus. Although it is still somewhat controversial, most evidence shows that starting antivirals in the third trimester is effective in decreasing MTCT without affecting fetal development. There is a growing body of literature supporting the safety and efficacy of antiviral therapies to reduce MTCT of hepatitis B. There are no formal recommendations regarding which agent to choose. Tenofovir, lamivudine and telbivudine have all been proven efficacious in decreasing viral load at birth without known birth defects, but final decision of which antiviral medication to use will have to be determined by physician and patient. The antivirals may be discontinued immediately if patient is breastfeeding, or within first four weeks if infant is being formula fed.

关键词： Chronic hepatitis B infection Pregnancy Hepatitis B immune globulin Hepatitis B virus vaccine Antivirals

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Haemovigilance and experience of the serlous hazards of transfusion(SHOT)scheme in the United Kingdom(UK)

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中国输血杂志 2001年第S1期14卷 206-210页

作者： EMLove HJomes Williamson H Cohen A Todd K Soldan J Revill D R Norfolk J Barbara C L J Atterbury dasher On be half of the SHOT Steering Group On be half of the SHOT Steering GroupOn be half of the SHOT Steering GroupOn be half of the SHOT Steering GroupOn be half of the SHOT Steering GroupOn be half of the SHOT Steering GroupOn be half of the SHOT Stee

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ＳＨＯＴ ,ｔｈｅＳｅｒｉｏｕｓＨａｚａｒｄｓｏｆＴｒａｎｓｆｕｓｉｏｎｓｃｈｅｍｅ ,ｉｓｔｈｅＵＫ’ｓａｐｐｒｏａｃｈｔｏｔｈｅｓｕｒｖｅｉｌｌａｎｃｅｏｆｃｏｍｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｔｒａｎｓｆｕｓｉｏｎｏｆｂｌｏｏｄａｎｄｂｌｏｏｄｃｏｍｐｏｎｅｎｔｓ .ＩｔｗａｓｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅｄａｓｐａｒｔｏｆｔｈｅＵＫ’ｓｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅｔｏａＥｕｒｏｐｅａｎＣｏｍｍｉｓｓｉｏｎ (ＥＣ)ｒｅｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｉｎ 1995ｏｎ“ＢｌｏｏｄｓａｆｅｔｙａｎｄｓｅｌｆｓｕｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙｉｎｔｈｅＣｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙ”1.Ｔｈｉｓｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｅｄｔｈａｔｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｍａｉｎａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓｎｅｅｄｅｄｔｏｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｐｕｂｌｉｃｃｏｎｆｉｄｅｎｃｅｉｎｔｈｅｓａｆｅｔｙｏｆｔｈｅｂｌｏｏｄｓｕｐｐｌｙｗａｓｔｈｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆａｈｅｍｏｖｉｇｉｌａｎｃｅｓｙｓｔｅｍ“ｂａｓｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｅｘｉｓｔｉｎｇｎｅｔｗｏｒｋｓｆｏｒｔｈｅｃｏｌｌｅｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｄａｔａｒｅｌａｔｅｄｔｏｔｈｅｂｌｏｏｄｔｒａｎｓｆｕｓｉｏｎｓａｆｅｔｙｃｈａｉｎ”Ｗｈ

关键词： Haemovigilance and experience of the serlous hazards of transfusion SHOT)scheme in the United Kingdom

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巴西地方性天疱疮患者抗桥粒核心糖蛋白-3抗体检测

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（皮肤病学分册） 2006年第12期2卷 37-38页

作者： Hilario-Vargas J. dasher D.A. L.A. Diaz 董平 Department of Dermatology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 3100 Thurston Building Chapel Hill NC 27599 United States Dr.

Fogo selvagem (FS), the endemic form of pemphigus foliaceus (PF), is an autoimmune blistering disease characterized by autoantibodies against desmoglein 1. The Terena reservation of Limao Verde in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, is a previously identified focus of disease. Autoantibodies against desmoglein 3 (Dsg3) have also been detected in sera from patients with FS. In an effort to further characterize the serological, geographical, and clinical epidemiology of the disease, we sought to determine the prevalence of anti-Dsg3 autoantibodies in sera from normal subjects living outside of and in an endemic area using an ELISA. Anti-Dsg3 antibodies were detected in 53 of 146 normal subjects from Limao Verde (36%), and in eight of 140 normal subjects from surrounding areas (6%). A significant trend was observed in the proportion of positive tests relative to distance from the endemic area (P < 0.001). Our seroepidemiological observations support the concept that the likely environmental trigger of the antibody response in FS is located in this endemic area, and that the population at risk to develop FS may also be at risk to develop an endemic form of pemphigus vulgaris as reported by our co-investigators from Brasilia.

关键词：天疱疮大疱性皮肤病桥粒核心糖蛋白地方性患者巴西南美洲

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