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复发-缓解型多发性硬化症早期表面正常灰质和白质磁化传递率(MTr)异常的增加

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世界核心医学期刊文摘(神经病学分册) 2006年第1期 18-19页

作者： davies g.r. Altmann D.r. Hadjiprocopis A. D.H. Miller 袁海峰 NMr research Unit Institute of Neurology University College London Queen Square London WC1N 3BG United Kingdom Prof.

Abnormalities within normal-appearing grey and white matter (NAgM and NAWM) occur early in the clinical course of multiple sclerosis (MS) and can be detected in-vivo using the magnetisation transfer ratio (MTr). To better characterize the rates of change in both tissues and to ascertain when such changes begin, we serially studied a cohort of minimally disabled, early relapsing-remitting MS patients, using NAgM and NAWM MTr histograms. Twenty-three patients with clinically definite early relapsing-remitting MS (mean disease duration at baseline 1.9 years), and 19 healthy controls were studied. A magnetisation transfer imaging sequence was acquired yearly for two years. Twenty-one patients and 10 controls completed followup. NAWM and NAgM MTr histograms were derived and mean MTr calculated. A hierarchical regression analysis, adjusting for brain parenchymal fraction,was used to assess MTr change over time. MS NAWM and NAgM MTr were significantly reduced in comparison with controls at baseline and, in patients, both measures decreased further during follow-up: (-0.10pu/year, p = 0.001 and -0.18pu/year, p respectively). The rate of MTr decrease was significantly greater in NAgM than NAWM (p = 0.004). Under the assumption that such changes are linear, backward extrapolation of the observed rates of change suggested that NAWM abnormality began before symptom onset. We conclude that increasing MTr abnormalities in NAWM and NAgM are observed early in the course of relapsing-remitting MS. It is now important to investigate whether these measures are predictive of future disability, and consequently, whether MTr could be used as a surrogate marker in therapeutic trials.

关键词：白质磁化传递率髓质灰质 MTr

Heterogeneity of mature oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system

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Neural regeneration research 2025年第5期20卷 1336-1349页

作者： Chao Weng Adam M.r.groh Moein Yaqubi Qiao-Ling Cui Jo Anne Stratton g.r.Wayne Moore Jack P.Antel Neuroimmunology Unit Montreal Neurological Institute-HospitalDepartment of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada Department of Neurology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina

Mature oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths that are crucial for the insulation of axons and efficient signal transmission in the central nervous *** evidence has challenged the classical view of the functionally static mature oligodendrocyte and revealed a gamut of dynamic functions such as the ability to modulate neuronal circuitry and provide metabolic support to *** the recognition of potential heterogeneity in mature oligodendrocyte function,a comprehensive summary of mature oligodendrocyte diversity is *** delve into early 20th-century studies by robertson and río-Hortega that laid the foundation for the modern identification of regional and morphological heterogeneity in mature ***,recent morphologic and functional studies call into question the long-assumed homogeneity of mature oligodendrocyte function through the identification of distinct subtypes with varying myelination ***,modern molecular investigations,employing techniques such as single cell/nucleus rNA sequencing,consistently unveil at least six mature oligodendrocyte subpopulations in the human central nervous system that are highly transcriptomically diverse and vary with central nervous system *** and disease related mature oligodendrocyte variation denotes the impact of pathological conditions such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer's disease,and psychiatric ***,caution is warranted when subclassifying mature oligodendrocytes because of the simplification needed to make conclusions about cell identity from temporally confined *** studies leveraging advanced techniques like spatial transcriptomics and single-cell proteomics promise a more nuanced understanding of mature oligodendrocyte *** research avenues that precisely evaluate mature oligodendrocyte heterogeneity with care to understand the mitigating influence of species,sex,central nervous system region,age,and disease,

关键词： aging central nervous system diseases electron microscopy heterogeneity immunohistochemistry myelin sheath natural history neuroglia oligodendroglia single-cell gene expression analysis

Bioelectronic medicine in modulation of cortical spreading depolarization and beyond

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Neural regeneration research 2025年第2期20卷 481-482页

作者： Khaled Alok Timothy g.White Chunyan Li Department of Neurosurgery Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/NorthwellHempsteadNYUSA Translational Brain research Laboratory The Feinstein Institutes for Medical ResearchManhassetNYUSA

Bioelectronic interventions,specifically trigeminal nerve st imulat ion(TNS),have attracted considerable attention in conditions where cortical spreading depolarizations(CSDs)accompanied by compromised cerebral perfusion may exacerbate neurological *** pharmacological interventions have demonstrated initial potential in addressing CSDs,a standardized treatment approach has not yet been *** objective of this perspective is to explore emerging bioelectronic methodologies for addressing CSDs,particularly emphasizing TNS,and to underscore TNS’s capacity to enhance neurovascular coupling and cerebral perfusion.

关键词： cerebral perfusion electronic

早期复发-缓解型多发性硬化症患者的持续脊髓萎缩:一项为期3年的研究

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（神经病学分册） 2006年第5期2卷 46-46页

作者： rashid W davies g.r Chard D.T. D.H. Miller 樊慧婷 Department of Neuroinflammation Institute of Neurology University College London Queen Square London WC1N 3BG United KingdomProf.

Objectives: Previous studies have shown that upper cervical cord atrophy (UCCA) occurs in multiple sclerosis (MS), particularly in those disabled and with primary or secondary progressive disease. It is less clear how early it can be detected in relapsing-remitting (rr) MS, and whether early cord atrophy relates to the concurrent or future clinical course. Methods: Twenty seven rr MS patients (median disease duration 1.7 years, in all cases rs from onset) were recruited along with 20 controls. They were followed for up to 3 years with a yearly assessment of UCCA and clinical function measured by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and MS Functional Composite Score (MSFC). Clinical and MrI correlations were investigated. Statistical models adjusted for covariates including total intracranial volume. results: Longitudinal analysis showed a significant decrease in UCCA in patients both within the patient cohort (p rison with controls (p = 0.001). There was a significant increase in EDSS (p = 0.008) but no significant change in MSFC. The rate of UCCA loss did not correlate with clinical change or with change in brain volume. Conclusions: In summary, serial UCCA measurement detects the development of spinal cord atrophy in clinically early rr MS.

关键词：缓解型多发性硬化症疾病患者脊髓萎缩早期复发 rrMS 临床病程临床表现评分法发病时间临床功能

LKB1 depletion-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition induces fibroblast activation in lung fibrosis

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genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 417-426页

作者： Zijian Xu Elizabeth r.davies Liudi Yao Yilu Zhou Juanjuan Li Aiman Alzetani Ben g.Marshall David Hancock Tim Wallis Julian Downward rob M.Ewing Donna E.davies Mark g.Jones Yihua Wang Biological Sciences Faculty of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK clinical and Experimental Sciences Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO166YDUK Institute for Life Sciences University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK NIHr Southampton Biomedical research Centre University Hospital SouthamptonSouthampton SO166YDUK University Hospital Southampton Southampton SO166YDUK Oncogene Biology The Francis Crick InstituteLondon NW11ATUK

The factors that determine fibrosis progression or normal tissue repair are largely *** previously demonstrated that autophagy inhibition-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)in human alveolar epithelial type Il(ATIl)cells augments local myofibroblast differentiation in pulmonary fibrosis by paracrine ***,we report that liver kinase B1(LKB1)inactivation in ATIl cells inhibits autophagy and induces EMT as a *** IPF lungs,this is caused by the down-regulation of CAB39L,a key subunit within the LKB1 complex.3D co-cultures of ATIl cells and MrC5 lung fibroblasts coupled with rNA sequencing(rNA-seq)confirmed that paracrine signaling between LKB1-depleted ATIl cells and fibroblasts augmented myofibroblast ***,these data suggest that reduced autophagy caused by LKB1 inhibition can induce EMT in ATIl cells and contribute to fibrosis via aberrant epithelial-fibroblast crosstalk.

关键词： CAB39L Crosstalk EMT LKB1 Pulmonary fibrosis

The Wiedemann-Franz law in a normal metal-superconductor junction

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Chinese Physics B 2011年第12期20卷 404-409页

作者： r ghanbari g rashedi Department of Physics Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Isfahan81744 IsfahanIran

In this paper the influence of superconducting correlations on the thermal and charge conductances in a normal metal-superconductor （NS） junction in the clean limit is studied theoretically. First we solve the quasiclassical Eilenberger equations, and using the obtained density of states we can acquire the thermal and electrical conductances for the NS junction. Then we compare the conductance in a normal region of an NS junction with that in a single layer of normal metal （N）. Moreover, we study the Wiedemann-Franz （WF） law for these two cases （iN and NS）. From our calculations we conclude that the behaviour of the NS junction does not conform to the WF law for all temperatures. The effect of the thickness of normal metal on the thermal conductivity is also theoretically investigated in the paper.

关键词： quasiclassical approach Eilenberger equations Wiedemann-Franz law thermal and charge conductances

Chemical reduction of CO_2 to Different Products during Photo Catalytic reaction on TiO_2 under Diverse Conditions:an Overview

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Journal of Natural gas Chemistry 2007年第3期16卷 217-226页

作者： g.r.Dey radiation and Photochemistry Division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreTrombayMumbai 400085India

The chemical reduction of CO2 remains a challenge with respect to the reversal of the oxidative degradation of any organic materials. The conversion of CO2 into useful substances is essential in developing alternative fuels and various raw materials for different industries. This also aids in preventing the continuous rise in tropospheric temperature due to the green house effect of CO2. In this article an overview of the growth taken place so far in the field of CO2 chemical reduction is pre- sented. The discussion comprises of photochemical methods for the development of different products, viz. CO, CH3OH and CH4, through chemical reduction of CO2. This includes the use of photo catalysts, mainly TiO2, and the role of a hole scavenger （such as 2-propanol） for this purpose.

关键词： CO2 chemical reduction H2 CH4 CO TiO2 hole scavenger photolysis

Dirichlet Process gaussian Mixture Models:Choice of the Base Distribution

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2010年第4期25卷 653-664页

作者： Dilan grür Carl Edward rasmussen gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit University College London Department of Engineering University of Cambridge Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics.D-72076 Tubingen

In the Bayesian mixture modeling framework it is possible to infer the necessary number of components to model the data and therefore it is unnecessary to explicitly restrict the number of components. Nonparametric mixture models sidestep the problem of finding the ＂correct＂ number of mixture components by assuming infinitely many components. In this paper Dirichlet process mixture （DPM） models are cast as infinite mixture models and inference using Markov chain Monte Carlo is described. The specification of the priors on the model parameters is often guided by mathematical and practical convenience. The primary goal of this paper is to compare the choice of conjugate and non-conjugate base distributions on a particular class of DPM models which is widely used in applications, the Dirichlet process gaussian mixture model （DPgMM）. We compare computational efficiency and modeling performance of DPgMM defined using a conjugate and a conditionally conjugate base distribution. We show that better density models can result from using a wider class of priors with no or only a modest increase in computational effort.

关键词： Bayesian nonparametrics Dirichlet processes gaussian mixtures

Importance of heavy quark longitudinal structure function measurements at future circular collider energies

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Chinese Physics C 2021年第6期45卷 56-65页

作者： g.r.Boroun Physics Department Razi UniversityKermanshah 67149Ira

In this article,we consider the ratio of structure functions for heavy quark pair production at low values *** importance of this ratio for charm and beauty pair production is examined according to the Hadron Electron ring Accelerator(HErA)*** behavior of these ratios is considered due to the hard pomeron behavior of the gluon distribution *** results are in good agreement with the HErA *** this data to the range of new energies underscores the importance of these measurements for heavy *** ratio of charm and beauty structure functions at the proposed Large Hadron electron Collider(LHeC)is considered as a function of invariant center-of-mass *** top pair production this ratio is extracted with known kinematics of the LHeC and Future Circular Collider electron-hadron(FCC-eh)*** of the results obtained for the ratio of top structure functions in LHeC and FCC-eh are proportional to the specified inelasticity range.

关键词： future circular colliders heavy quarks longitudinal structure function