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Electrical programmable multilevel nonvolatile photonic random-access memory

Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第11期12卷 2325-2334页

作者： j.awei Meng Yaliang Gui Behrouz Movahhed Nouri Xiaoxuan Ma Yifei Zhang Cosmin-Constantin Popescu Myungkoo Kang Mario Miscuglio Nicola Peserico Kathleen richardson j.ej.n Hu Hamed Dalir Volker j.Sorger Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering George Washington UniversityWashington DC 20052USA Florida Semiconductor Institute University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32603USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32603USA Department of Materials Science&Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA CREOL The College of Optics&PhotonicsUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFL 32816USA

Photonic Random-Access Memories(P-RAM)are an essential component for the on-chip non-von Neumann photonic computing by eliminating optoelectronic conversion losses in data *** Phase-Change Materials(PCMs)have been showed multilevel memory capability,but demonstrations still yield relatively high optical loss and require cumbersome WRITE-ERASE approaches increasing power consumption and system package *** we demonstrate a multistate electrically programmed low-loss nonvolatile photonic memory based on a broadband transparent phase-change material(Ge2Sb2Se5,GSSe)with ultralow absorption in the amorphous state.A zero-staticpower and electrically programmed multi-bit P-RAM is demonstrated on a silicon-on-insulator platform,featuring efficient amplitude modulation up to 0.2 dB/μm and an ultralow insertion loss of total 0.12 dB for a 4-bit memory showing a 100×improved signal to loss ratio compared to other phase-change-materials based photonic *** further optimize the positioning of dual microheaters validating performance *** we demonstrate a half-a-million cyclability test showcasing the robust approach of this material and ***-loss photonic retention-of-state adds a key feature for photonic functional and programmable circuits impacting many applications including neural networks,LiDAR,and sensors for example.

关键词： retention random eliminating

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Impact of chlorine exposure time on disinfection byproduct formation in the presence of iopamidol and natural organic matter during chloramination

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j.urnal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第4期31卷 204-214页

作者： Nana Osei B.Ackerson Alexis H.Killinger Hannah K.Liberatore Thomas A.Ternes Michael j.Plewa Susan D.richardson Stephen E.Duirk Department of Civil Engineering University of Akron Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG) Department of Crop Sciences and Safe Global Water Institute and NSF Science and Technology Center of Advanced Materials for the Purification of Water with Systems University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Chloramines,in practice,are formed onsite by adding ammonia to chlorinated drinking water to achieve the required *** regulated disinfection byproducts(DBPs)are reduced during chloramine disinfection,other DBPs such as iodinated(iodo-)DBPs,that elicit greater toxicity are *** obj.ctive of this study was to investigate the impact of prechlorination time on the formation of both halogen-specific total organic halogen(TOX)and iodo/chlorinated(chloro-)DBPs during prechlorination/chloramination in source waters(SWs)containing iopamidol,an X-ray contrast *** SW(BSW)and Cleveland SW(CSW)containing iopamidol were prechlorinated for 5–60 min and afterwards chloraminated for 72 hr with ammonium *** contact time(CCT)did not significantly impact total organic iodine(TOI)concentrations after prechlorination or *** of total organic chlorine(TOCl)formed during prechlorination did not significantly change regardless of pH and prechlorination time,whileTOClappearedtodecreaseafter 72 ***(CHCl_2I)formation during prechlorination did not exhibit any significant trends as a function of p H or CCT,but after chloramination,significant increases were observed at pHs 6.5 and 7.5 with respect to ***-HAAs were not formed during prechlorination but were detected after *** quantities of chloroform(CHCl_3)and trichloroacetic acid(TCAA)were formed during prechlorination but formation ceased upon ammonia ***,prechlorination studies should measure TOX and DBP concentrations prior to ammonia addition to obtain data regarding the initial conditions.

关键词： Prechlorinaton Iopamidol Monochloramine Disinfection byproducts(DBPs) Total organic chlorine(TOCl) Total organic iodine(TOI)

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The song remains the same： j.venile richardson＇s ground squirrels do not respond differentially to mother＇s or colony member＇s alarm calls

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Current Zoology 2012年第5期58卷 773-780页

作者： j.mes F. HARE Kurtis j. WARKENTIN Department of Biological Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada R3T 2N2 Department of Zoology Brandon University Brandon MB R7A 6A9

Alarm calls are emitted by richardson’s ground squirrelsUrocitellus richardsoniiin response to avian and terrestrial predators. Conspecifics detecting these calls respond with increased vigilance, promoting predator detection and evasion, but in doing so, lose time from foraging. That loss can be minimized if alarm call recipients discriminate among signalers, and weight their response accordingly. For j.venile ground squirrels, we predicted that the trade-off between foraging and vigilance could be optimized via selective response to alarm calls emitted by their own dam, and/or neighboring colony members over calls broadcast by less familiar conspecifics. Alarm calls of adult female richardson’s ground squirrels were elicited in the field using a predator model and recorded on digital audio tape. Free-living focal j.veniles were subj.cted to playbacks of a call of their mother, and on a separate occasion a call from either another adult female from their own colony, or an adult female from another colony. Neither immediate postural responses and escape behavior, nor the duration of vigilance manifested by j.veniles differed with exposure to alarm calls of the three adult female signaler types. Thus, j.veniles did not respond preferentially to alarm calls emitted by their mothers or colony members, likely reflecting the high cost of ignoring alarm signals where receivers have had limited opportunity to establish past signaler reliability.

关键词：报警电话殖民地青少年松鼠母亲未成年人异或食肉动物

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Sensory quality of meat from eight different types of cattle in relation with their biochemical characteristics

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j.urnal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第7期15卷 1550-1563页

作者： M Gagaoua E M C Terlouw D Micol j.F Hocquette A P Moloney K Nuernberg D Bauchart A Boudj.llal N D Scollan R I richardson B Picard INRA UMRH 1213Unite de Recherches sur les HerbivoresTheix63122 Saint Genes ChampanelleFrance VetAgro Sup UMRH 1213Unite de Recherches surles HerbivoresTheix63122 Saint Genes ChampanelleFrance Equipe Maquav INA TAAUniversite Freres Mentouri ConstantineRoute de Ain El-Bey25000 ConstantineAlgeria Teagasc Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation CentreGrangeDunsanyCo.MeathIreland FBN Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology W-StahI-Allee 218196 DummerstorfGermany Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences(IBERS)Aberystwyth UniversityGogerddanAberystwyth SY23 3EBUnited Kingdom Division of Farm Animal Science University of BristolLangford HouseBristol BS40 5DUUnited Kingdom

The present study compared eight breeds of cattle differing in gender （heifers, buls and steers） to determine associations between muscle characteristics and meat sensory qualities of theLongissimus thoracis muscle. Animal types differed in al the muscle characteristics and sensory qualities. Many correlations among muscle characteristics and among sensory qualities were consistent for most animal types. Isocitrate dehydrogenase （ICDH） activities alowed discrimination of muscles with respect to myosin heavy chain （MyHC）-I proportions for al animal types. Lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） and phos-phofructokinase （PFK） activities were positively correlated for most animal types. Overal liking was correlated with beef lfavour and abnormal lfavour in al animal types and with global tenderness for al animal types except for Charolais cross breed steers. For al animal types except for Angus×Friesian heifers, beef lfavour and abnormal lfavour were negatively correlated. Overal liking was not correlated with j.iciness. PFK, ICDH and citrate synthase （CS） activities were strongly associated with tenderness, beef lfavour and overal liking when average values for al animal types were used. However, associations between muscle characteristics and sensory qualities within animal types were weak and inconsistent.

关键词： cattle muscle characteristics meat sensory qualities gender breed prediction

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Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ej.ctions between 0.3 and 30 AU: Multi-spacecraft Observations and Model Comparison

Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections between 0.3 and 30 AU:...

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第十一届全国日地空间物理学术讨论会

作者： j.D.richardson Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology 37-655 Cambridge MA 02139 USA

＜正＞Using observations from multiple spacecraft such as Helios, PVO, ACE, Ulysses and Voyager 2 which are distributed throughout the heliosphere, we identify and characterize interplanetary coronal mass ej.ctions （ICMEs） between 0.3 and 30 AU. An abnormally low proton temperature is used as the primary identification signature of ICMEs. The occurrence rate of ICMEs approximately follows the solar activity cycle. Statistically, the average radial width of ICMEs increases with distance up to about 15 AU, with a radial expansion speed of the order of the Alfven speed. The expansion features of the average temperature, density, and magnetic field magnitude of ICMEs are also studied. We employ a one-dimensional MHD numerical code to model the propagation of ICMEs to try to understand the observations. The model results reproduce the basic expansion characteristics of ICMEs.

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Vegetables, Herbs and Spices: The Importance of Family and Tasting

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Health 2016年第14期8卷 1554-1565页

作者： Pamela A. Heinrichs Cassandra j. Nikolaus Brenna Ellison Sharon M. Nickols-richardson Karen Chapman-Novakofski University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Champaign IL USA Currently Address: The Hersey Company Hershey PA USA

Obj.ctive: To explore why and how consumers utilize vegetables, herbs and spices. Methods: Focus groups were conducted with adult participants (n = 54) to determine attitudes, self-efficacy, and behaviors related to liking and usage of vegetables, herbs and spices as well as strategies to increase vegetable intake. Results: Seasonal availability, and family-centered memories and practices were motivation for vegetable intake. A diverse number of vegetables (n = 39) were listed as favorites based on taste and versatility, but seasonings were not commonly included in responses regarding preparation. Participants felt that vegetable dish names should reflect ingredients explicitly;that seasonings enhanced vegetable flavors;and that salt and pepper were most commonly used seasonings. The preferred strategy to increase vegetable consumption was through tasting or sampling opportunities;seasoning use was not mentioned. However, participants perceived that suggestions or demonstrations on how to prepare vegetables at home would be helpful. Personal gardens were mentioned frequently, but were not connected to strategies for increasing intake. Conclusions and Implications: Vegetable intake has a family focus that should be emphasized to increase intake. Efforts to increase intake could emphasize flavor and versatile preparation methods through tasting opportunities or educational demonstrations.

关键词： Dietary Habits Focus Groups Vegetables Spices Herbs

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Intermodal frequency generation in silicon-rich silicon nitride waveguides

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Photonics Research 2019年第6期7卷 615-621页

作者： C.LACAVA T.DOMINGUEZ BUCIO A.Z.KHOKHAR P.HORAK Y.j.NG F.Y.GARDES D.j.richardson P.PETROPOULOS F.PARMIGIANI Optoelectronics Research Centre University of SouthamptonS0171BJ Southampton UK Currently at Microsoft Research UK CB1 2FB Cambridge UK

Dispersion engineering in optical waveguides allows applications relying on the precise control of phase matching conditions to be implemented. Although extremely effective over relatively narrow band spectral regions,dispersion control becomes increasingly challenging as the bandwidth of the process of interest *** matching can also be achieved by exploiting the propagation characteristics of waves exciting different spatial modes of the same waveguide. Phase matching control in this case relies on achieving very similar propagation characteristics across two, and even more, waveguide modes over the wavelengths of interest, which may be rather far from one another. We demonstrate here that broadband(>40 nm) four-wave mixing can be achieved between pump waves and a signal located in different bands of the communications spectrum(separated by50 nm) by exploiting interband nonlinearities. Our demonstration is carried out in the silicon-rich silicon nitride material platform, which allows flexible device engineering, allowing for strong effective nonlinearity at telecommunications wavelengths without deleterious nonlinear-loss effects.

关键词： Intermodal frequency silicon-rich silicon nitride waveguides

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Night-time Rise in Rat Pineal N-Acetyltransferase due to Carbaryl Administration Is Reduced by Propranolol Treatment

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1995年第1期8卷 45-53页

作者： AHMED M. ATTIA MOSTAFA H. MOSTAFA BRUCE A. richardson AND RUSSEL j. REITER(Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, P.O.Box 832, Alexandria, Egypt Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas, Department of Environmental Studies Institute of Graduate Studies and Research Alexandria Egypt.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of administration of sublethal doses of carbaryl on nighttime rat pineal melatonin synthesis in the presence and absence of propranolol, a β-adrenergic receptor antagonist. Two groups of adult male albino rats were administered orally N-methyl-l-naphthylcarbamate (carbaryl) (8. 33mg/kg BW daily in corn oil) for six successive days; another two groups received corn oil *** the last day of carbaryl treatment, half of the animals received an intraperitoneal inj.ction of propranolol (20 mg/kg body weight, one hour before lights off). The other two groups were given a saline inj.ction. Four hours after darkness onset, pineal N-acetyltransferase (NAT) and hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT) activities as well as pineal concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5HTP), serotonin (5HT),5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5HIAA) and pineal and serum melatonin levels were measured. Nocturnal NAT activity was increased due to carbaryl administration but the pesticide was ineffective in stimulating NAT activity in rats treated with *** 5HT was decreased due to carbaryl administration but 5HTP and 5HIAA levels were unaffected. Pineal and serum melatonin levels were decreased due to propranolol treatment. The results indicate that carbaryl may influence pineal NAT activity by a mechanism that involves β-adrenergic neural transmission.

关键词： time Night-time Rise in Rat Pineal N-Acetyltransferase due to Carbaryl Administration Is Reduced by Propranolol Treatment

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Comparative Waste Management Analysis of Four EU Regions;Emilia-Romagna（Italy）,Yorkshire and Humber（England）,Sofia（Bulgaria） and Amsterdam（Netherlands）（EU EP7 Regions of Knowledge Waste KIT Proj.ct）

Comparative Waste Management Analysis of Four EU Regions;Emi...

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The 19th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition

作者： Wu,C. richardson,j. Robb,A. Williams,P.T.

Waste KIT is an EU FP7 Regions of knowledge proj.ct based on research into ‘Waste management focussing on:Knowledge and Integration to create Transnational economic development’.Each region is represented via a triple helix of stakeholders,regional/local authority or related organisation,knowledge institution and *** are four EU regions involved;Emilia-Romagna（Italy）,Yorkshire and Humber（England）,Sofia（Bulgaria） and Amsterdam（Netherlands） with a total of 19 *** main purpose of this paper was to analyse municipal solid waste management of the four studied regions based on research ＆ technical development（RTD）,innovation and infrastructures,in order to indentify regional and inter-regional strengths and barriers to waste management related economic *** Netherlands are recognized throughout Europe as an "advanced" country in terms of its waste management *** such,the Amsterdam region boasts the best overall performance,making the region ideally placed to tutor on most aspects of sustainable waste management *** Emilia-Romagna Region has a heavy and concentrated cluster of facilities and infrastructure processing bio-waste and *** Yorkshire and Humber region has a well established waste materials market and provides a high level of business *** contrast,the Sofia region is uniquely placed to learn from the other ***,Sofia has the most potential to innovate through business practice and *** of environmental awareness from the public,conflicts between planning authorities and the challenge of access to finance have been found as the most common inter-regional barriers to municipal solid waste *** a result,five thematic areas（technology waste to energy,options for plastics,knowledge transfer,funding ＆ spin-off proj.cts and public perception ＆ understanding of waste） have been identified to generate action plans to facilitate the economic development towards sustainable waste ma

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A SURVEY OF STACKELBERG DIFFERENTIAL GAME MODELS IN SUPPLY AND MARKETING CHANNELS

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j.urnal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2007年第4期16卷 385-413页

作者： Xiuli HE Ashutosh PRASAD Suresh P. SETHI Genaro j. GUTIERREZ School of Management The University of Texas at Dallas Richardson TX 75080 McCombs School of Business The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78731

Stackelberg differential game models have been used to study sequential decision making in noncooperative games in diverse fields. In this paper, we survey recent applications of Stackelberg differential game models to the supply chain management and marketing channels literatures. A common feature of these applications is the specification of the game structure： a decentralized channel composed of a manufacturer and independent retailers, and a sequential decision procedure with demand and supply dynamics and coordination issues. In supply chain management, Stackelberg differential games have been used to investigate inventory issues, wholesale and retail pricing strategies, and outsourcing in dynamic environments. The underlying demand typically has growth dynamics or seasonal variation. In marketing, Stackelberg differential games have been used to model cooperative advertising programs, store brand and national brand advertising strategies, shelf space allocation, and pricing and advertising decisions. The demand dynamics are usually extensions of the classical advertising capital models or sales-advertising response models. We begin by explaining the Stackelberg differential game solution methodology and then provide a description of the models and results reported in the literature.

关键词： Stackelberg differential games supply chain management marketing channels open-loop equilibria feedback policies channel coordination optimal control

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