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A detailed reconstruction of changes in the factors and parameters of soil erosion over the past 250 years in the forest zone of European Russia(Moscow region)

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第1期10卷 149-160页

作者： Andrey Zhidkin daria Fomicheva Nadezhda Ivanova Tomas Dostal Alla Yurova Mikhail Komissarov Josef Krasa V.V.dokuchaev soil science institute pyzhevskiy pereulok 7moscow119017russian federation Faculty of geography lomonosov moscow state universityleninskie gorygsp-1moscow119991russian federation Department of landscape water conservation faculty of civil engineeringczech technical university in praguethakurova 7prague16629czech republic Ufa institute of biology ufrc russian academy of sciencespr.oktyabrya 69ufa450054russian federation

Accelerated soil erosion is a major threat to soil,and there are great variations in the rate of soil erosion over time due to natural and human-induced *** temperate forest zone of Russia is character-ized by complex stages of land-use history(*** urbanization,agricultural development,land abandonment,etc.).We have for the first time estimated the rates of soil erosion by the WaTEM/SEDEM model(rainfall erosion)and by a regional model(snowmelt erosion)over the past 250 years(from 1780 to 2019)for a 100-km2 study site in the Moscow region of *** calculations were made on the basis of a detailed historical reconstruction of the following factors:the location of the arable land,crop rotation,the rain erosivity factor,and the maximum snow water *** area of arable land has decreased more than 3.5-fold over the past 250 *** the end of the 20th century,the rates of gross erosion had declined more than 5.5-fold(from 28×10^(3) to 5×10^(3) t·ha^(-1)yr^(-1))in comparison with the end of the 18th *** in the boundaries of arable land and also the relief features had led to a significant intra-slope accumulation of *** a result of sediment redeposition within the arable land,the variation in net soil erosion was significantly lower than the variation in gross soil *** changes in arable land area and in crop composition are the factors that have to the greatest extent determined the changes in soil erosion in this territory.

关键词： Anthropogenic soil erosion Soil erosion history Crop rotation Magnetic tracer method WaTEM/SEDEM

Immunobiology of congenital cytomegalovirus infection of the central nervous system--the murine cytomegalovirus model

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2015年第2期12卷 180-191页

作者： Irena Slavuljica daria Kvestak Peter Csaba Huszthy Kate Kosmac William J Britt Stipan Jonjic Department of Histology and Embryology School of Medicine University of Rijeka Rijeka Croatia Department of Infectious Diseases School of Medicine University of Rijeka Rijeka Croatia Department of Immunology Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway Department of Microbiology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA

Congenital human cytomegalovirus infection is a leading infectious cause of long-term neurodevelopmental sequelae, including mental retardation and hearing defects. Strict species specificity of cytomegaloviruses has restricted the scope of studies of cytomegalovirus infection in animal models. To investigate the pathogenesis of congenital human cytomegalovirus infection, we developed a mouse cytomegalovirus model that recapitulates the major characteristics of central nervous system infection in human infants, including the route of neuroinvasion and neuropathological findings. Following intraperitoneal inoculation of newborn animals with mouse cytomegalovirus, the virus disseminates to the central nervous system during high-level viremia and replicates in the brain parenchyma, resulting in a focal but widespread, non-necrotizing encephalitis. Central nervous system infection is coupled with the recruitment of resident and peripheral immune cells as well as the expression of a large number of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Although infiltration of cellular constituents of the innate immune response characterizes the early immune response in the central nervous system, resolution of productive infection requires virus-specific CD8＋ T cells. Perinatal mouse cytomegalovirus infection results in profoundly altered postnatal development of the mouse central nervous system and long-term motor and sensory disabilities. Based on an enhanced understanding of the pathogenesis of this infection, prospects for novel intervention strategies aimed to improve the outcome of congenital human cytomegalovirus infection are proposed.

关键词： central nervous system congenital infection cytomegalovirus immune response

Evidence for acoustic discrimination in lemurs: A playback study on wild indris Indri indri

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Current Zoology 2023年第1期69卷 41-49页

作者： Giovanni Spezie Valeria Torti Giovanna Bonadonna Chiara De Gregorio daria Valente Cristina Giacoma Marco Gamba Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology University of Veterinary MedicineViennaAustria Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology School of Nature SciencesUniversity of TurinTurinItaly

Indris Indri indri are group-living lemurs that occupy stable territories over several years and perform remarkable long-distance vocal *** exchanges between long-term territory neighbors may contribute to assessing reciprocal resource-holding potentials, thus adaptivelyreducing the costs of territorial defense by limiting aggressive escalation. Previous work showed that indris’ songs show distinctive acousticfeatures at individual and group level. However, the possibility that indris use such cues for individual or group-level recognition has never beeninvestigated experimentally. We conducted a playback experiment to test whether indris discriminate between familiar and nonfamiliar *** rationale lies in the hypothesis of the dear enemy phenomenon, which predicts that territorial animals will show reduced aggression levelstoward familiar neighbors compared with novel rivals. We played back stimulus recordings to wild indris from their territory boundaries andexamined their responses in terms of vocal and behavioral indicators of willingness to engage in a fight. In line with our predictions, focal animals responded more rapidly and approached more often the speaker in response to playback stimuli of nonfamiliar individuals than to stimuliof neighboring groups. These results indicate that indris can discriminate between different classes of intruders based on distinctive acousticfeatures of their song choruses. We suggest that increased aggression directed toward unfamiliar intruders may be explained by higher threatlevels associated with dispersal and group formation dynamics. We further discuss the relevance of these findings in a strepsirrhine primatemodel for comparative studies of vocal communication and sociality.

关键词： acoustic communication dear-enemy effect neighbor-stranger discrimination primate communication song territoriality

Dynamic condylar screw or hip joint （spanning） external fixator for treatment of pathological fractures of femoral neck and trochanter secondary to benign lesions

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Chinese Medical Journal 2008年第2期121卷 178-180页

作者： ZHANG Chun-lin ZENG Bing-fang DONG Yang daria brooks Terrell Martin M. Malawer Department of Orthopaedics The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200233 China Department of Orthopaedic Oncology Washington Cancer Institute Washington Hospital Center DC 20010 USA

The treatment of pathological fractures of the femoral neck and trochanteric region secondary to benignlesions can be a challenge for orthopaedic surgeons because of the size and nature of the lesions, the resulting bony defect, the risk of recurrence, the possible associated deformities, and the risk of osteonecrosis. Numerous treatment modalities have been reported for the management of pathological fractures of the proximal femur secondary to benign lesions. An unsatisfactory outcome in 25% of patients and a complication rate of 45% have been observed.

关键词： pathological fractures benign lesions dynamic condylar screw external fixator

Azathioprine monotherapy withdrawal in inflammatory bowel diseases: A retrospective mono-centric study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第27期29卷 4334-4343页

作者： Martina Crepaldi daria Maniero Alessandro Massano Margherita pavanato Brigida Barberio Edoardo Vincenzo Savarino Fabiana Zingone Department of Surgery Oncologyand GastroenterologyUniversity of PaduaPadua 35128Italy

BACKGROUND There is no consensus on the recommended duration of and optimal time to stop azathioprine(AZA)therapy in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Determining the optimal duration and cessation time can help to balance the risks of long-term intake with the possibility of relapse after *** To describe the events following AZA *** Retrospective analysis was performed to examine data from adult patients affected by IBD who were followed at the University of padua and had started but then discontinued AZA between 1995 and *** on therapy duration,reasons for cessation,and type of relapse after cessation were *** regression models were used to estimate the risk of relapse in different *** A total of 133 ulcerative colitis patients and 141 Crohn’s disease patients were *** with AZA was stopped in the 1st year in approximately 34%of patients but was continued for more than 10 years in approximately 10%of *** discontinuation was due to primary failure or disease relapse in 30%of patients and due to disease remission in 25.2%of *** of the remaining cases stopped AZA therapy due to side effects(primarily clinical intolerance,cytopenia,and pancreatic disease).patients who stopped AZA for clinical remission had an 83%lower risk of relapse during the observation time than other groups,with a relapse-free rate of 89%after 1 year and 79%after 2 *** AZA administration is effective and safe,but it requires careful monitoring for potential minor and major side *** 10%of patients who achieved remission with AZA needed a new treatment within 1 year of drug interruption.

关键词： Azathioprine Inflammatory bowel diseases Ulcerative Colitis Crohn's Disease Relapse Side effects

Functionality of a bicistronic construction containing HEXA and HEXB genes encoding β-hexosaminidase A for cell-mediated therapy of GM2 gangliosidoses

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第1期17卷 122-129页

作者： alisa A.Shaimardanova daria S.Chulpanova Valeriya V.Solovyeva Aleksandr M.Aimaletdinov Albert A.Rizvanov Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology Kazan Federal UniversityKazanRussia

Tay-Sachs disease and Sandhoff disease are severe hereditary neurodegenerative disorders caused by a deficiency ofβ-hexosaminidase A(HexA)enzyme,which results in the accumulation of GM2 gangliosides in the nervous system *** this work,we analyzed the efficacy and safety of cell-mediated gene therapy for Sandhoff disease and Sandhoff disease using a bicistronic lentiviral vector encoding cDNA of HexAα-andβ-subunit genes separated by the nucleotide sequence of a P2A peptide(HEXA-HEXB).The functionality of the bicistronic construct containing the HEXA-HEXB genetic cassette was analyzed in a culture of HEK293T cells and human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells(hUCBMCs).Our results showed that the enzymatic activity of HexA in the conditioned medium harvested from genetically modified HEK293T-HEXA-HEXB and hUCBMCs-HEXA-HEXB was increased by 23 and 8 times,respectively,compared with the conditioned medium of native *** blot analysis showed that hUCBMCs-HEXA-HEXB secreted both completely separated HEXA and HEXB proteins,and an uncleaved protein containing HEXA+HEXB linked by the P2A *** injection of genetically modified hUCBMCs-HEXA-HEXB to laboratory Wistar rats was carried out,and the HexA enzymatic activity in the blood plasma of experimental animals,as well as the number of live cells of immune system organs(spleen,thymus,bone marrow,lymph nodes)were determined.A significant increase in the enzymatic activity of HexA in the blood plasma of laboratory rats on days 6 and 9(by 2.5 and 3 times,respectively)after the administration of hUCBMCsHEXA-HEXB was *** the same time,the number of live cells in the studied organs remained ***,the functionality of the bicistronic genetic construct encoding cDNA of the HEXA and HEXB genes separated by the nucleotide sequence of the P2A peptide was shown in vitro and in *** hypothesize that due to the natural ability of hUCBMCs to overcome biological barriers,such a strategy can rest

关键词： bicistronic vector cell-mediated gene therapy GM2 gangliosidosis P2A peptide Sandhoff disease Tay-Sachs disease umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells β-hexosaminidase

Female indris determine the rhythmic structure of the song and sustain a higher cost when the chorus size increases

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Current Zoology 2019年第1期65卷 89-97页

作者： Chiara De Gregorio Anna Zanoli daria Valente Valeria Torti Giovanna Bonadonna Rose Marie Randrianarison Cristina Giacoma Marco Gamba Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi Universita di Torino via Accademia Albertina Torino Italia Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche della Vita e della Sostenibilita Ambientale Universita di Parma Parma Italia Group d'Ttude et de Recherche sur les Primates de Madagascar (GERP) Antananarivo Madagascar Departement de Anthropobiologie et Developpement Durable Universite d'Antananarivo Faculte des Sciences Antananarivo Madagascar

Among the behavioral traits shared by some nonhuman primate species and humans there is singing. Unfortunately, our understanding of animals' rhythmic abilities is still in its infancy. Indris are the only lemurs who sing and live in monogamous pairs, usually forming a group with their offspri ng. All adult members of a group usually participate in choruses that are emitted regularly and play a role in advertising territorial occupa ncy and in tergroup spaci ng. Males and females emit phrases that have similar frequency ranges but may differ in their temporal structure. We examined whether the individuals' contribution to the song may change according to chorus size, the total duration of the song or the duration of the individual con tribution using the in ter-on set intervals within a phrase and between phrases. We found that the rhythmic structure of indri's songs depends on factors that are different for males and females. We showed that females have sigrdficantly higher variation in the rhythm of their contribution to the song and that, changes according to chorus size. Our findings indicate that female indris sustain a higher cost of singing than males whe n the nu mber of singers in creases. These results suggest that cross-species investigatio ns will be crucial to un derstanding the evoluti on ary frame in which such sexually dimorphic traits occurred.

关键词： chorus coordination duets lemurs singing synchrony

Freestanding strontium vanadate/carbon nanotube films for long-life aqueous zinc-ion batteries

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Rare Metals 2022年第2期41卷 415-424页

作者： Ye-Hong Du Xian-Yu Liu Xin-Yu Wang Jun-Cai Sun Qiong-Qiong Lu Jian-Zhi Wang Ahmad Omar daria Mikhailova Institute of Materials and Technology Dalian Maritime UniversityDalian 116026China e-mail:wangxinyu@*** School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou City UniversityLanzhou 730070China Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research(IFW)Dresden E.V Helmholtzstraße 2001069 DresdenGermany e-mail:q.lu@ifw-dresden.de Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and PharmacyWuhan Institute of TechnologyWuhan 430205China

Aqueous rechargeable zinc-ion battery(ZIB)is considered to be a potential energy storage system for large-scale applications due to its environmental friendliness,high safety,and low ***,it remains challenging to develop suitable cathode materials with high specific capacity and long-term cyclic ***,we have fabricated freestanding Sr0.19V2O51.3H2O/carbon nanotubes(SrVO/CNTs)composite films with different mass ratios by incorporating SrVO into CNTs *** synthesized SrVO possesses a large interlayer spacing of 1.31 nm,which facilitates Zn(2+)***,the SrVO/CNTs composite film with conductive network structure promotes electron transfer and ensures good contact between SrVO and CNTs during the long-term cycling *** a result,the battery based on the SrVO/CNTs composite cathode with a mass ratio of 7:3 delivers a specific capacity of 326 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.1 A·g^(-1)and 145 mAh·g^(-1)at 5 A·g^(-1),demonstrating a high capacity and excellent rate ***,the assembled ZIB shows good capacity retention of 91%even after ultra-long cycling for 7500 cycles at a high current rate of 5 Ag^(-1).More importantly,the battery also delivers a high energy density and power density,as 290 Wh·kg^(-1)at 125 W·kg^(-1)(0.1 A·g^(-1)),or 115 Wh·kg^(-1)at 6078 W·kg^(-1)(5 Ag^(-1)).The results demonstrate that the SrVO/CNTs composite is a promising cathode toward large-scale energy storage applications.

关键词： Aqueous zinc-ion battery Strontium vanadate Carbon nanotubes network Freestanding composite film Long cycle life

Hot deformation of Mg-Y-Zn alloy with a low content of the LPSO phase studied by in-situ synchrotron radiation diffraction

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2020年第1期8卷 199-209页

作者： Klaudia Horváth Fekete daria Drozdenko Jan Capek Kristián Máthis Domonkos Tolnai Andreas Stark Gerardo Garcés patrik Dobron Department of Physics of Materials Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsCharles UniversityKe Karlovu 512116 PragueCzech Republic Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS 25068ˇRežCzech Republic Magnesium Research Center Kumamoto University2-39-1 Kurokami Chuo-ku860-8555 KumamotoJapan Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging Paul Scherrer InstituteVilligen PSI5232Switzerland Institute of Materials Science Helmholtz-Zentrum GeesthachtMax-Planck Str.1GeesthachtD21502Germany Department of Physical Metallurgy CENIM-CSICAvenida Gregorio del Amo 8E-28040 MadridSpain

The compressive deformation behavior of the extruded WZ42(Mg98.5Y1Zn0.5 in at.%)magnesium alloy containing a low amount of long-period stacking ordered(LPSO)phase was studied by in-situ synchrotron radiation diffraction *** were conducted at temperatures between room temperature and 350℃.Detailed microstructure investigation was provided by scanning electron microscopy,particularly the backscattered electron imaging and electron backscatter diffraction *** results show that twinning lost its dominance and kinking of the LPSO phase became more pronounced with increasing deformation *** cracks of the LPSO phase and no debonding r at the interface between the LPSO phase and the Mg matrix were observed at temperatures above 200℃.At 350℃,the LPSO phase lost its strengthening effect and the deformation of the alloy was mainly realized by the dynamic recrystallization of the Mg matrix.

关键词： Magnesium alloy LPSO phase Kinking High temperature Synchrotron radiation diffraction