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Effects of long-term fertilization on soil gross N transformation rates and their implications

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第12期16卷 2863-2870页

作者： dai shen-yan WANG Jing CHENG Yi ZHANG Jin-bo CAI Zu-cong School of Geography Sciences Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 P.R. China State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 P.R.China State Key Laboratory of Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province) Nanjing 210023 P.R.China Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University) Ministry of Education Nanjing 210023 P.R. China Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing 210023 P.R.China

Application of fertilizer has been found to significantly affect soil N cycling. However, a comprehensive understanding of the effects of long-term fertilization on soil gross N transformation rates is still lacking. We compiled data of observations from 10 long-term fertilization experiments and conducted a meta-analysis of the effects of long-term fertilization on soil gross N transformation rates. The results showed that if chemical fertilizers of N, P and K were applied in balance, soil p H decreased very slightly. There was a significantly positive effect of long-term fertilization, either chemical or organic fertilizers or their combinations, on gross N mineralization rate compared to the control treatment（the mean effect size ranged from 1.21 to 1.25 at 95% confidence intervals（CI） with a mean of 1.23）, mainly due to the increasing soil total N content. The long-term application of organic fertilizer alone and combining organic and chemical fertilizer could increase the mineralization-immobilization turnover, thus enhance available N for plant while reduce N losses potential compared to the control treatment. However, long-term chemical fertilizer application did not significantly affect the gross NH4＋ immobilization rate, but accelerated gross nitrification rate（1.19; 95% CI： 1.08 to 1.31）. Thus, long-term chemical fertilizer alone would probably induce higher N losses potential through NO3– leaching and runoff than organic fertilizer application compared to the control treatment. Therefore, in the view of the effects of long-term fertilization on gross N transformation rates, it also supports that organic fertilizer alone or combination of organic and chemical fertilizer could not only improve crop yield, but also increase soil fertility and reduce the N losses potential.

关键词： chemical fertilizer organic fertilizer gross N transformation rate long-term fertilization experiment meta-analysis

Axial emission characteristics of an ionic liquid electrospray thruster with a circular emitter

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2025年第1期38卷 297-305页

作者： Cheng yanG Jiawei LUO Xiangbei WU yan shen School of Aeronautics and Astronautics Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen 518107China shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Microsatellite Constellation Shenzhen 518107China

Ionic Liquid Electrospray Thrusters(ILETs)are well suited for micro-nano satellite applications due to their small size,low power consumption,and high specific ***,the limited thrust of a single-emitter ILET restricts its use in space *** optimize the performance of ILETs and make them suitable for a wider range of space missions,we designed a Circular-emitter ILET(CILET)to convert a one-dimensional(point)emission into a twodimensional(line)*** CILET can self-organize multiple Taylor cones *** cones were photographed and the axial emission currents were measured under different voltage and pressure difference conditions with a CILET experimental *** emission can be divided into two stable states and one unstable state based on the flow and current *** current in Stable state Ⅰ increases non-linearly with the voltage,while that in Stable state Ⅱ is nearly linear with respect to the *** number of cones increases with the voltage in stable states,while the cones become short and crowded under high-voltage *** variation law of the number of cones can be explained with the self-organization *** variation in the current exhibits a good correlation with the number of *** study demonstrates the feasibility of circular emitters and experimentally indicates that the emission current is improved by approximately two orders of magnitude compared to that of a single capillary.

关键词： Electrospray Ionic liquid thruster Self-organize Emitter Taylor cone

Morphology engineering of ZnO micro/nanostructures under mild conditions for optoelectronic application

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第2期32卷 498-503页

作者： Liang Chu Haoyu shen Hudie Wei Hongyu Chen Guoqiang Ma Wensheng yan Institute of Carbon Neutrality and New Energy&School of Electronics and Information Hangzhou Dianzi UniversityHangzhou 310018China School of Applied Physics and Materials Wuyi UniversityJiangmen 529020China

Zinc oxide(ZnO)serves as a crucial functional semiconductor with a wide direct bandgap of approximately 3.37 *** reaction is commonly used in the synthesis of ZnO micro/nanostructures,given its low cost,simplicity,and easy ***,ZnO morphology engineering has become desirable through the alteration of minor conditions in the reaction process,particularly at room *** this work,ZnO micro/nanostructures were synthesized in a solution by varying the amounts of the ammonia added at low temperatures(including room temperature).The formation of Zn^(2+)complexes by ammonia in the precursor regulated the reaction rate of the morphology engineering of ZnO,which resulted in various structures,such as nanoparticles,nanosheets,microflowers,and single ***,the obtained ZnO was used in the optoelectronic application of ultraviolet detectors.

关键词： morphology engineering low temperature ZnO nanosheets microflowers ultraviolet detector

Remaining Life Prediction Method for Photovoltaic Modules Based on Two-Stage Wiener Process

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Energy Engineering 2025年第1期122卷 331-347页

作者： Jie Lin Hongchi shen Tingting Pei yan Wu School of Electrical Engineering and Information Engineering Lanzhou University of TechnologyLanzhou730050China

Photovoltaic (PV) modules, as essential components of solar power generation systems, significantly influence unitpower generation *** service life of these modules directly affects these costs. Over time, the performanceof PV modules gradually declines due to internal degradation and external environmental *** cumulativedegradation impacts the overall reliability of photovoltaic power generation. This study addresses the complexdegradation process of PV modules by developing a two-stage Wiener process model. This approach accountsfor the distinct phases of degradation resulting from module aging and environmental influences. A powerdegradation model based on the two-stage Wiener process is constructed to describe individual differences inmodule degradation processes. To estimate the model parameters, a combination of the Expectation-Maximization(EM) algorithm and the Bayesian method is employed. Furthermore, the Schwarz Information Criterion (SIC) isutilized to identify critical change points in PV module degradation trajectories. To validate the universality andeffectiveness of the proposed method, a comparative analysis is conducted against other established life predictiontechniques for PV modules.

关键词： Photovoltaic modules degradation stochastic processes lifetime prediction

Numerical simulation of microstructure and microporosity morphology in directional solidification of aluminum-copper alloys:Effect of copper content and withdrawal rate

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China Foundry 2025年第1期22卷 33-44页

作者： Wei Yuan Hai-dong Zhao Xu shen Chun Zou Yuan Liu Qing-yan Xu National Engineering Research Center of Near-Net-Shape Forming for Metallic Materials South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology(Ministry of Education) Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Microporosity formed in the solidification process of Al alloys is detrimental to the alloy properties.A two-dimensional cellular automaton(CA)model was developed to simulate the microstructure and microporosity formation in Al-Cu alloys,considering variations in Cu content and solidification *** results indicate that the Cu content primarily influences the growth of *** validate the model,directional solidification experiments were conducted on Al-Cu alloys with varing Cu contents and withdrawal *** experimental results of dendrites and microporosity characteristics agree well with the predictions from the developed model,thus confirming the validity of the *** alloy’s liquidus temperature,dendrite morphology,and hydrogen saturation solubility arising from different Cu contents have significant effects on microporosity *** withdrawal rate primarily affects the nucleation of hydrogen microporosity by altering cooling rates and dendritic growth rates,resulting in different microporosity characteristics.

关键词： microporosity dendrites cellular automaton Al-Cu alloys directional solidification

A smart finger patch with coupled magnetoelastic and resistive bending sensors

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Journal of Semiconductors 2025年第1期46卷 194-203页

作者： Ziyi dai Mingrui Wang Yu Wang Zechuan Yu yan Li Weidong Qin Kai Qian School of Integrated Circuits Shandong UniversityJinan 250100China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of AucklandAuckland 1010New Zealand Department of Urology Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan 250100China shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University Shenzhen 518000China Department of Critical Care Medicine Qilu hospital of Shandong universityJinan 250100China

In the era of Metaverse and virtual reality(VR)/augmented reality(AR),capturing finger motion and force interactions is crucial for immersive human-machine *** study introduces a flexible electronic skin for the index finger,addressing coupled perception of both state and process in dynamic tactile *** device integrates resistive and giant magnetoelastic sensors,enabling detection of surface pressure and finger joint *** e-skin identifies three phases of finger action:bending state,dynamic normal force and tangential force(sweeping).The system comprises resistive carbon nanotubes(CNT)/polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)films for bending sensing and magnetoelastic sensors(NdFeB particles,EcoFlex,and flexible coils)for pressure *** inward bending resistive sensor,based on self-assembled microstructures,exhibits directional specificity with a response time under 120 ms and bending sensitivity from 0°to 120°.The magnetoelastic sensors demonstrate specific responses to frequency and deformation magnitude,as well as sensitivity to surface roughness during sliding and material *** system’s capability is demonstrated through tactile-based bread type and condition recognition,achieving 92%*** intelligent patch shows broad potential in enhancing interactions across various fields,from VR/AR interfaces and medical diagnostics to smart manufacturing and industrial automation.

关键词： human machine interface flexible sensor wearable sensor giant magnetoelastic effect inward bending sensor

Dual-role regulator of a novel miR-3040 in photoperiod-mediated wing dimorphism and wing development in green peach aphid

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Insect Science 2025年第1期32卷 80-94页

作者： Yun-Hui Zhang Xin Qian Xin Zong Shi-Heng An Shuo yan Jie shen College of Plant Protection Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina Department of Plant Biosecurity College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina

Wing dimorphism is regarded as an important phenotypic plasticity involved in the migration and reproduction of ***,the signal transduction and regulatory mechanism of wing dimorphism in aphids are still ***,the optimal environmental conditions were first explored for inducing winged offspring of green peach aphid,and the short photoperiod was the most important environmental cue to regulate wing *** to 16 L:8 D photoperiod,the proportion of winged offspring increased to 90%under 8 L:16 D ***,5 differentially expressed microRNAs(miRNAs)in aphids treated with long and short photoperiods were identified using small RNA sequencing,and a novel miR-3040 was identified as a vital miRNA involved in photoperiod-mediated wing *** specifically,the inhibition of miR-3040 expression could reduce the proportion of winged offspring induced by short photoperiod,whereas its activation increased the proportion of winged offspring under long ***,the expression level of miR-3040 in winged aphids was about 2.5 times that of wingless aphids,and the activation or inhibition of miR-3040 expression could cause wing deformity,revealing the dual-role regulator of miR-3040 in wing dimorphism and wing *** summary,the current study identified the key environmental cue for wing dimorphism in green peach aphid,and the first to demonstrate the dual-role regulator of miR-3040 in photoperiod-mediated wing dimorphism and wing development.

关键词： miR-3040 Myzus persicae photoperiod wing development wing dimorphism

Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of epilepsy: electromagnetic stimulation-mediated neuromodulation therapy and new technologies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 917-935页

作者： Dian Jiao Lai Xu Zhen Gu Hua yan Dingding shen Xiaosong Gu Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University NantongJiangsu ProvinceChina

Epilepsy is a severe,relapsing,and multifactorial neurological *** regarding the accurate diagnosis,prognosis,and in-depth pathogenesis are crucial for the precise and effective treatment of *** pathogenesis of epilepsy is complex and involves alterations in variables such as gene expression,protein expression,ion channel activity,energy metabolites,and gut microbiota *** results are lacking for conventional treatments for *** resection of lesions,drug therapy,and non-drug interventions are mainly used in clinical practice to treat pain associated with ***-pharmacological treatments,such as a ketogenic diet,gene therapy for nerve regeneration,and neural regulation,are currently areas of research *** review provides a comprehensive overview of the pathogenesis,diagnostic methods,and treatments of *** also elaborates on the theoretical basis,treatment modes,and effects of invasive nerve stimulation in neurotherapy,including percutaneous vagus nerve stimulation,deep brain electrical stimulation,repetitive nerve electrical stimulation,in addition to non-invasive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current *** studies have shown that electromagnetic stimulation-mediated neuromodulation therapy can markedly improve neurological function and reduce the frequency of epileptic ***,many new technologies for the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy are being ***,current research is mainly focused on analyzing patients’clinical manifestations and exploring relevant diagnostic and treatment methods to study the pathogenesis at a molecular level,which has led to a lack of consensus regarding the mechanisms related to the disease.

关键词： diagnosis drug treatment electroencephalography epilepsy monitoring epilepsy nerve regeneration neurostimulation non-drug interventions pathogenesis prediction

Neuroprotective and antidiabetic lanostane-type triterpenoids from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma theaecolum

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2025年第2期23卷 245-256页

作者： Jiaocen Guo Li yang Luting dai Qingyun Ma Jiaoyang yan Qingyi Xie Yougen Wu Haofu dai Youxing Zhao School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication) Hainan University Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Product from Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province & National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences

Eight previously undescribed lanostane triterpenoids,including five nortriterpenoids with 2 6carbons,ganothenoids A-E（1-5）,and three lanostanoids,ganothenoids F-H（6-8）,along with 24 known ones（9-32）,were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganodrma *** structures of the novel compounds were elucidated using comprehensive spectroscopic methods,including electronic circular dichroism（ECD） and nuclear magnetic resonance（NMR） *** 1-32 were assessed for their neuroprotective effects against H2O2-induced damage in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells,as well as their inhibitory activities against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B（PTP1B） and α-*** 4demonstrated the most potent neuroprotective activity against H2O2-induced oxidative stress by suppressing G0/G1phase cell cycle arrest,reducing reactive oxygen species（ROS） levels,and inhibiting cell apoptosis through modulation of B-cell lymphoma 2 protein（Bcl-2） and Bcl-2 associated X-protein（Bax） protein *** 26,12,and 28 exhibited PTP1B inhibitory activities with IC50values ranging from 13.92 to 56.94 μmol·L-1,while compound12 alone displayed significant inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase with an IC50value of 43.56μmol·***,enzyme kinetic analyses and molecular docking simulations were conducted for compounds 26 and 12 with PTP1B and α-glucosidase,respectively.

关键词： Ganoderma theaecolum Lanostane nortriterpenoids Neuroprotective effects PTP1B α-Glucosidase