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Clay preference and particle transport behavior of Formosan subterranean termites （Isoptera： Rhinotermitidae）＂ A laboratory study

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Insect Science 2014年第6期21卷 785-795页

作者： Cai Wang gregg Henderson department of Entomology Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA

Although preference and utilization of clay have been studied in many higher termites, little attention has been paid to lower termites, especially subterranean termites. The Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, can modify its habitat by using clay to fill tree cavities. Here, the biological significance of clay on C. formosanus was investigated. Choice tests showed that significantly more termites aggre- gated in chambers where clay blocks were provided, regardless of colony group, observation period, or nutritional condition （fed or starved）. No-choice tests showed that clay had no observable effect on survivorship, live or dry biomass, water content, and tunneling activity after 33-35 d. However, clay appeared to significantly decrease filter paper consumption （dry weight loss）. Active particle （sand, paper, and clay） transport behavior was observed in both choice and no-choice tests. When present, clay was preferentially spread on the substrate, attached to the smooth surfaces of the containers, and used to line sand tunnels. Mechanisms and potential application of clay attraction are discussed.

关键词： aggregation clay Coptotermesformosanus filter paper consumption particle transport behavior

Localized treatments using commercial dust and liquid formulations of fipronil against Coptotermes formosanus （Isoptera： Rhinotermitidae） in the laboratory

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Insect Science 2014年第2期21卷 174-180页

作者： Bal K. Gautam gregg Henderson Cai Wang department of Entomology Louisiana State University LA 70803 USA

Use of proper application methods and formulations of termiticides are im- portant to reduce their negative impact to the environment. In this study, we conducted laboratory experiments to determine the effect of localized treatments with commercial dust and liquid formulations of fipronil against Formosan subterranean termites, Coptoter- mes formosanus Shiraki. The test arena consisted of a specially designed 16-chambered structure with a center chamber connected to 5 foraging chambers that themselves were connected to 10 additional foraging chambers. One peripheral chamber received a liquid or dust treatment and termites were released in the center chamber. Results showed that 〉 91% of the termites were dead within the 9-d test period despite the localized treatment of only 1 foraging chamber. Termites that were still alive after 9 d were transferred to an untreated dish and held for 10 more days. The majority of those termites were dead and the rest were moribund on day 19. Regardless of the specific dish treated, both formulations of fipronil were found to be highly efficacious. Termites did not exhibit repellency to either formulation. Our results suggest that localized （or spot） treatment with either commer- cially available dust or liquid formulations of fipronil can be a viable option for control of a termite infestation where complete soil drenching is not desirable.

关键词： Formosan subterranean termites nonrepellent termiticide soil treatment,spot treatment termite control

Outcomes of Medicare beneficiaries hospitalised with transient ischaemic attack and stratification using the ABCd^(2) score

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2021年第2期6卷 314-318页

作者： Shreyansh Shah Li Liang durgesh Bhandary Saga Johansson Eric E Smith deepak L Bhatt gregg C Fonarow Naeem d Khan Eric Peterson Janet Prvu Bettger department of Neurology Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA duke Clinical Research Institute DurhamNorth CarolinaUSA AstraZeneca UK Ltd CambridgeUK Hotchkiss Brain Institute and department of Clinical Neurosciences University of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada division of Cardiology Brigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA division of Cardiology Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA

Background Long-term outcomes for Medicare beneficiaries hospitalised with transient ischaemic attack(TIA)and role of ABCd^(2) score in identifying high-risk individuals are not *** We identified 40825 Medicare beneficiaries hospitalised from 2011 to 2014 for a TIA to a Get With The Guidelines(GWTG)-Stroke hospital and classified them using ABCd^(2)s of mortality and rehospitalisation(all-cause,ischaemic stroke,haemorrhagic stroke,myocardial infarction,and gastrointestinal and intracranial haemorrhage)for high-risk versus low-risk groups adjusted for patient and hospital *** Of the 40825 patients,35118(86%)were high risk(ABCd^(2)≥4)and 5707(14%)were low risk(ABCd^(2)=0-3).Overall rate of mortality during 1-year follow-up after hospital discharge for the index TIA was 11.7%,44.3% were rehospitalised for any reason and 3.6%were readmitted due to *** with ABCd^(2) score≥4 had higher mortality at 1 year than not(adjusted HR 1.18,95%CI 1.07 to 1.30).Adjusted risks for ischaemic stroke,all-cause readmission and mortality/all-cause readmission at 1 year were also significantly higher for patients with ABCd^(2) score≥4 vs *** contrast,haemorrhagic stroke,myocardial infarction,gastrointestinal bleeding and intracranial haemorrhage risk were not significantly different by ABCd^(2) *** This study validates the use of ABCd^(2) score for long-term risk assessment after TIA in patients aged 65 years and *** efforts for community-based follow-up care after TIA are needed for ongoing prevention in Medicare beneficiaries who were hospitalised for TIA.

关键词： admitted score prevention

Protective effect of hydroxychloroquine on rheumatoid arthritis-associated atherosclerosis

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2019年第2期2卷 98-106页

作者： Na Shi Shuangyue Zhang gregg Silverman Mengtao Li Jun Cai Haitao Niu NHC Key Laboratory of Human disease Comparative Medicine (The Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences CAMS&PUMC) Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal Model State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases Beijing China department of Rheumatology Langone Medical Center New York University New York City New York Peking Union Medical College Hospital Beijing China Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing China

Background: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. We examined the effect of gut microbiota in a mouse model of RA that develops atherosclerosis. Methods: We created three groups of K/BxN female mice that were positive for the anti‐glucose‐6‐phosphate isomerase (GPI) antibody: control diet (Cd), high fat diet (HFd), and HFd with hydroxychloroquine (HFd + HCQ). Serological tests were used to detect the serum levels of total cholesterol (TCHO), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LdL‐C), triglyceride (TG), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HdL‐C), anti‐ GPI antibody titers, and serum cytokines. Atherosclerotic plaque was determined by histological analysis, and gut microbiota were determined by 16sV4 sequencing. Results: Relative to mice given the Cd, those receiving the HFd had increased serum levels of LdL‐C, TCHO, and TG, decreased serum levels of HdL‐C, increased atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic root, and altered gut microbiota. Addition of HCQ to HFd decreased the serum levels of LdL‐C, TCHO, and TG, increased serum levels of HdL‐C, and decreased the atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic root. Mice receiving HFd + HCQ also had the greatest bacterial diversity among the three experimental groups. Moreover, HCQ treatment significantly increased the abundance of Akkermansia and Parabacteroides, and decreased the abundance of Clostridium sensu stricto cluster 1, and therefore may be responsible for the reduced RA‐associated atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia. Conclusion: Our mouse model of RA indicated that HFd increased ankle width and aggravated a therosclerosis a nd d yslipidemia, a nd t hat H CQ a lleviated t he d yslipidemia and atherosclerosis, but had no effect on ankle width.

关键词： atherosclerosis autoimmunity hydroxychloroquine intestinal microbiota rheumatoid arthritis

Assessing Spatial Patterns of Plant Communities at Varying Stages of Succession

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Applied Mathematics 2014年第12期5卷 1842-1851页

作者： Kevin Aagaard gregg Hartvigsen department of Biology SUNY Geneseo Geneseo USA department of Ecology Evolution and Natural Resources Rutgers University New Brunswick USA

There is a well known connection between the structural complexity of vegetative stands and ecosystem properties. developing methods to quantify this structural complexity is an important goal for ecologists. We present an efficient and easily implemented field technique for calculating the shape of forest canopies, and the shape of forest stands as succession occurs, using fractal geometry. Fractal geometry can be used to describe complex, non-Euclidean objects that are common in natural systems. We tested the use of this tool in 22 vegetative and forested plots in Western New York State, USA. We found an asymptotic relationship for fractal dimension (d) as a function of basal area (BA;r2= 0.68). In a randomization test to investigate the robustness of d to different tree canopy shapes, we found that d was sensitive to canopy shape switching, suggesting that the method is able to differentiate among similar forests comprised of species having different shaped crowns. We conclude that the shape is conserved in vegetative areas as they progress from one stage of succession to the next (range of mean d: 2.56 to 2.68 across stages). Furthermore, we conclude that the shape filling properties—i.e., distribution of trunks and limbs in a forested area, measured as mean distance—are also conserved across vegetational chronosequences (F = 1.3189, df = 8, 3, p = 0.3341).

关键词： Ecological Succession Fractal dimension Vegetational Chronosequence Crown Shape Statistical Modeling

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Cd103免疫毒素在同种胰岛移植中的应用

中华实验外科杂志 2011年第2期28卷 194-196页

作者：张雷 gregg Hadley 哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院普通外科 150086 美国俄亥俄州立大学移植外科

目的制备能体内杀伤Cd103表达细胞的免疫毒素,观察其对同种胰岛移植排斥反应的影响.方法将Cd103抗体与植物毒素saporin耦联产生M290-SAP,以2 mg/kg剂量注入小鼠腹腔,实验分为磷酸盐缓冲液（PBS）、IgG-SAP、M290和M290-SAP组,用流式... 详细信息

目的制备能体内杀伤Cd103表达细胞的免疫毒素,观察其对同种胰岛移植排斥反应的影响.方法将Cd103抗体与植物毒素saporin耦联产生M290-SAP,以2 mg/kg剂量注入小鼠腹腔,实验分为磷酸盐缓冲液（PBS）、IgG-SAP、M290和M290-SAP组,用流式细胞术检测Cd103阳性细胞的肖减,之后将M290-SAP应用于化学性糖尿病小鼠胰岛移植模型,观察胰岛有功能存活情况.结果 PBS、IgG-SAP和M290组,肠上皮内Cd103＋Cd8＋淋巴细胞占Cd3＋淋巴细胞的百分比分别为70.9%、68.4%和79.5%,而M290-SAP组几乎降至0;M290-SAP也杀灭了Cd103＋的胸腺细胞.M290-SAP组胰岛移植物存活时间（＞100 d,n=9）,明显优于未处理组、IgG-SAP和M290组（均在20d内排斥）（P＜0.01）.结论 M290-SAP消除Cd103表达细胞能促进同种胰岛移植物长期存活.

关键词：胰岛移植胸腺免疫毒素抗-Cd103 Cd8T淋巴细胞

Potential legacy effects of biofuel cropping systems on soil microbial communities in southern Wisconsin, USA

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Agricultural Sciences 2011年第2期2卷 131-137页

作者： Chao Liang gregg R. Sanford Randall d. Jackson Teri C. Balser 不详

Soil microbial community structure is clearly linked to current plant species composition, but less is known about the legacy effects of plant species and agricultural management practices on soil microbial communities. Using microbial lipid biomarkers, we assessed patterns of com-munity-level diversity and abundance at depths of 0-10 and 10-25 cm from three hay (al-falfa/orchardgrass) and two corn plots in south ern Wisconsin. Principal components analysis of the lipid biomarkers revealed differential composition of the soil microbial communities at the two depths. despite similar abundance of fungi, bacteria, actinomycete, protozoa, and total microbial lipids in the hay and corn at 0-10 cm, community structure differed with a sig-nificantly higher absolute abundance of arbus-cular mycorrhizal fungi and gram-negative bacteria in the hay plots. No significant micro-bial lipid mass differences were detected be-tween the two management regimes at 10-25 cm, but the proportional dominance of bacterial gram type differed with depth. These results indicate the potential for legacy effects of an-nual and perennial cropping systems manage-ment on microbial community composition and suggests the importance of considering past land-use when initiating long-term agroecolo- gical trials.

关键词： Lipid Biomarker Alfalfa Hay Corn Agroecosystem

Cd103分子介导Cd8^＋T淋巴细胞对同种胰岛移植物的损伤

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中华器官移植杂志 2011年第2期32卷 91-94页

作者：张雷 gregg Hadley 哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院普外一科 150086 The Ohio State University

目的检验Cd103分子是否介导了Cd8^＋T淋巴细胞对同种移植胰岛的免疫损伤。方法用流式细胞仪检测野生型C57BL／6小鼠外周血Cd8^＋T淋巴细胞表达Cdl03的情况。以Balb／c小鼠为供者，C57BL／6小鼠为受者，制作同种胰岛移植模型。受者分为3... 详细信息

目的检验Cd103分子是否介导了Cd8^＋T淋巴细胞对同种移植胰岛的免疫损伤。方法用流式细胞仪检测野生型C57BL／6小鼠外周血Cd8^＋T淋巴细胞表达Cdl03的情况。以Balb／c小鼠为供者，C57BL／6小鼠为受者，制作同种胰岛移植模型。受者分为3组：M290-SAP组小鼠注射Cdl03免疫毒素M290-SAP；M290组小鼠注射抗Cdl03单克隆抗体M290；另以仅接受胰岛移植、不注射任何药物的小鼠为未处理组。检测移植胰岛Cd3、Cd8、Cd44和Cdl03阳性细胞的表达，检测肠系膜淋巴结中Cd3、Cd8和Cd103阳性细胞的表达。移植物功能丧失或观察期结束时获取移植胰岛，行HE染色和免疫组织化学染色。结果野生型C57BL／6小鼠外周血的Cd8^＋T淋巴细胞中有44．06％表达Cdl03。未处理组移植胰岛浸润的细胞成分中有29％的Cd8^＋T淋巴细胞表达Cdl03。M290-SAP组小鼠淋巴细胞不仅丧失了Cdl03的表达，而且Cd8^＋T淋巴细胞的绝对数量也减少，该组小鼠血糖稳定时间超过100d（未处理组为13d，P〈C0．05），移植胰岛组织学形态良好。结论Cd8^＋T淋巴细胞免疫损伤同种移植胰岛必须表达Cdl03，Cdl03有可能成为胰岛移植抗排斥反应治疗的新靶点。

关键词：胰岛移植 Cd103 Cd8 免疫毒素类

detecting exoplanets with FAST?

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2019年第2期19卷 71-76页

作者： Philippe Zarka di Li Jean-Mathias Grie?meier Laurent Lamy Julien N.Girard Sbastien L.G.Hess T.Joseph W.Lazio gregg Hallinan LESIA CNRS – Observatoire de Paris National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Science CAS Key Laboratory of FAST National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences LPC2E CNRS – Universit d'Orlans Universit Paris VII AIM/Irfu/SAp/CEA-Saclay Orme des Merisiers ONERA – dESP JPL–California Institute of Technology California Institute of Technology

We briefly review the various proposed scenarios that may lead to nonthermal radio emissions from exoplanetary systems(planetary magnetospheres, magnetosphere-ionosphere and magnetospheresatellite coupling, and star-planet interactions), and the physical information that can be drawn from their detection. The latter scenario is especially favorable to the production of radio emission above 70 MHz. We summarize the results of past and recent radio searches, and then discuss FAST characteristics and observation strategy, including synergies. We emphasize the importance of polarization measurements and a high duty-cycle for the very weak targets that radio-exoplanets prove to be.

关键词： plasmas radiation mechanisms:non-thermal methods:observational telescopes(radio) planets and satellites:magnetic fields radio continuum:planetary systems