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阻挡层浆料特性对CMP后清洗效力的影响

电子工业专用设备 2005年第7期34卷 23-28页

作者： d.peters K.Bartosh C.watts C.Tran ATMI Surface Preparation Division2125 28th Street SWAllentownPA 18103 USAATMISurface Preparation Division2125 28th Street SWAllentownPA 18103 USAATMISurface Preparation Division2125 28th Street SWAllentownPA 18103 USAATMISurface Preparation Division2125 28th Street SWAllentownPA 18103 USA

铜化学机械平面化不同阻挡层浆料的应用引起了铜CMP后清洗的问题。阻挡层浆料的差异包含但不限于pH、研磨剂粒子材料和尺寸及铜腐蚀的抑制剂。为观察阻挡层浆料对清洗工艺的影响进行了清洗实验。阻挡层浆料不同于pH和所有作为铜抑制剂的... 详细信息

铜化学机械平面化不同阻挡层浆料的应用引起了铜CMP后清洗的问题。阻挡层浆料的差异包含但不限于pH、研磨剂粒子材料和尺寸及铜腐蚀的抑制剂。为观察阻挡层浆料对清洗工艺的影响进行了清洗实验。阻挡层浆料不同于pH和所有作为铜抑制剂的BTA材料。抑制性BTA溶液的pH值将确定BTA与铜复合物的特性和随后在清洗工艺中去除这种膜的条件。因此,为了研究pH、化学成份以及阻挡层浆料留在铜表面的BTA与铜的复合物去除的化学程序的影响而改变了清洗工艺。从而发现阻挡层浆料的pH值对各种清洗设备的效力均有影响,而且,某些添加剂和两步化学清洗工艺的使用,改进了可变pH值阻挡层浆料的清洗性能。这种工作的结果表明,在最佳结果中,清洗工艺应该致力于阻挡层浆料方面。

关键词：阻挡昙浆料 CMP后清洗化学机械平面化清洗效力铜腐蚀抑制剂

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采用尿素动力学模式比较不同中心的透析质量

采用尿素动力学模式比较不同中心的透析质量

Eight of ten patients return to daily activities, work, and sports after total knee arthroplasty

“中华医学会肾脏病学分会2004年年会”暨“第二届全国中青年肾脏病学术会议”

作者：徐筱琪 M.Polenakovic d.peters M.Tashkandy A.AI-Bashir S.Stiller 钱家麒上海仁济医院肾脏科 Nephrology Skopje Macedonia dialysis Centre Erftdtstadt Germany AI-Noor Hospital Holy Makkah Saudi Arabia INTERNEPH:Institute for Applied Nephrology AachenGermany

目的在透析患者中Kt/V用于衡量透析的剂量,蛋白质分解率(PCR)则是反映营养的指标,这二者是预示透析患者的发病率和死亡率的重要参数。Kt/V和PCR能应用各种简单或复杂的公式计算得出,或从正式的尿素动力学模

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第7期15卷 608-617页

作者： Maud Cornelia Wilhelmina Maria peters Yvette Pronk Justus-Martijn Brinkman department of Research Kliniek ViaSanaMill 5451 AANetherlands department of Orthopedic Surgery Kliniek ViaSanaMill 5451 AANetherlands

BACKGROUNd Besides return to work(RTW)and return to sports(RTS),patients also prefer to return to daily activities(RTA)such as walking,sleeping,grocery shopping,and domestic work following total knee arthroplasty(TKA).However,evidence on the timelines and probability of patients’RTA is *** To assess the percentage of patients able to RTA,RTW,and RTS after TKA,as well as the timeframe and influencing factors of this *** A retrospective cohort study with prospectively collected data was conducted at a medium-sized dutch orthopedic *** of RTA,RTW,and RTS were performed at 3 mo and/or 6 mo following *** factors en-compassed patient characteristics,surgical characteristics,and preoperative patient-reported *** TKA patients[n=2063;66 years old(interquartile range[IQR]:7 years);47%male;28 kg/m2(IQR:4 kg/m2)]showed RTA ranging from 28%for kneeling to 94%for grocery shopping,with 20 d(IQR:27 d)spent for putting on shoes to 74 d(IQR:57 d)for *** rates varied from 62%for medium-impact work to 87%for low-impact work,taking 33 d(IQR:29 d)to 78 d(IQR:55 d).RTS ranged from 48%for medium-impact sports to 90%for low-impact sports,occurring within 43 d(IQR:24 d)to 90 d(IQR:60 d).One or more of the investigated factors influenced the return to each of the 14 activities examined,with R²values ranging from 0.013 to *** Approximately 80%of patients can RTA,RTW,and RTS within 6 mo after *** is not consistently in-fluenced by predictive *** help set realistic pre-and postoperative expectations.

关键词： Knee Arthroplasty Replacement Return to work Return to daily activities Return to sports

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第25章水文学100年进步

气象科技进展 2019年第S1期9卷 370-381页

作者：克里斯塔·彼得斯-利达德 FAISAL HOSSAIN L.RUBYLEUNG NATE MCdOWELL MATTHEW ROdELL FRANCISCO J.TAPIAdOR F.JOE TURK ANdREW WOOd 贾朋群(编译) 李婧华(编译) NASA戈达德空间飞行中心地球科学部美国华盛顿大学美国西北太平洋国家实验室 NASA戈达德空间飞行中心水文科学部西班牙卡斯蒂利亚-拉曼恰大学美国加州理工学院 NCAR 不详

本章聚焦过去100年水文学进步。这一时期出现了从实用工程水文向水文科学基础研究的显著转变,包括了对地球系统科学的贡献。本章前3节回顾理论、观测和水文预报进展。在此基础上,讨论了全球水文、陆地-大气相互作用和耦合、生态水文学... 详细信息

本章聚焦过去100年水文学进步。这一时期出现了从实用工程水文向水文科学基础研究的显著转变,包括了对地球系统科学的贡献。本章前3节回顾理论、观测和水文预报进展。在此基础上,讨论了全球水文、陆地-大气相互作用和耦合、生态水文学和水管理等主题,同时对出现的挑战和未来方向给出建议总结。尽管评述力争全面,但对于美国气象学会(AMS)文集的读者来说,本章还是在地表水文学和水文气象阐述更全面些。

关键词：美国气象学会大气相互作用地球系统科学水文气象水文学水文预报工程水文科学基础研究

A framework for quantifying properties of 3-dimensional movement-based signals

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Current Zoology 2010年第3期56卷 327-336页

作者： Shaun Td NEW Richard A peters ARC Centre of Excellence in Vision Science Division of EvolutionEcology & GeneticsResearch School of BiologyThe Australian National University

Understanding how signal properties are optimized for the reliable transmission of information requires accurate de- scription of the signal in time and space. For movement-based signals where movement is restricted to a single plane, measure- ments from a single viewpoint can be used to consider a range of viewing positions based on simple geometric calculations. However, considerations of signal properties from a range of viewing positions for movements extending into three-dimensions （3d） are more problematic. We present here a new framework that overcomes this limitation, and enables us to quantify the extent to which movement-based signals are view-specific. To illustrate its application, a Jacky lizard tail flick signal was filmed with synchronized cameras and the position of the tail tip digitized for both recordings. Camera aligmnent enabled tl^e construction of a 3d display action pattern profile. We analyzed the profile directly and used it to create a detailed 3d animation. In the virtual environment, we were able to film the same signal from multiple viewing positions and using a computational motion analysis algorithm （gradient detector model） to measure local image velocity in order to predict view dependent differences in signal properties. This approach will enable consideration of a range of questions concerning movement-based signal design and evolu- tion that were previously out of reach [Current Zoology 56 （3）： 327-336, 2010].

关键词： Signal evolution Sensory Ecology Movement-based signal 3d display Action Pattern

Effect of Soil Water Repellency on Energy Partitioning Between Soil and Atmosphere:A Conceptual Approach

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Pedosphere 2014年第4期24卷 498-507页

作者： H.SCHONSKY A.peters G.WESSOLEK department of Soil Conservation Institute of EcologyTechnical University of BerlinD-10587 Berlin(Germany)

Water repellency(WR) is a phenomenon known from many soils around the world and can occur in arid as well as in humid climates;few studies,however,have examined the effect of soil WR on the soil-plant-atmosphere energy *** aim of our study was to estimate the effects of soil WR on the calculated soil-atmosphere energy balance,using a solely model-based *** made out evapotranspiration to have the largest influence on the energy balance;therefore the effect of WR on actual evapotranspiration was *** achieve this we used climate data and measured soil hydraulic properties of a potentially water-repellent sandy soil from a site near Berlin,Germany.A numerical 1d soil water balance model in which WR was incorporated in a straightforward way was applied,using the effective cross section *** were carried out with vegetated soil and bare *** simulation results showed a reduction in evapotranspiration of 30-300 mm year^(-1)(9%-76%) at different degrees of WR compared to completely wettable soil,depending on the severity degree of soil *** energy that is not being transported away by water vapor(i.e.,due to reduced evapotranspiration) had to be transformed into other parts of the energy balance and thus would influence the local climate.

关键词： climate effective cross section evapotranspiration soil-atmosphere energy balance soil hydraulic property water balance

Vitamin C and Vitamin d—friends or foes in modulating γδ T-cell differentiation?

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第10期19卷 1198-1200页

作者： Christian peters Katharina Klein dieter Kabelitz Institute of Immunology Christian-Albrechts UniversityKielGermany

The differentiation and functional plasticity of T cells are transcriptionally and epigenetically regulated by signals imposed by the local cytokine milieu and a variety of additional factors,including *** C has pleiotropic functions in the immune *** exerts antioxidant activity,can directly kill selected tumor targets,promotes early T-cell differentiation,and enhances Th1 cytokine production in mature T cells[1,2].

关键词： vitamin cytokine Vitamin

Waders(Scolopacidae)surviving despite malaligned leg fractures in the wild:kinematics of bipedal locomotion

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Avian Research 2017年第3期8卷 168-175页

作者： Jessica Reichert Gerald Mayr Thomas Wilke Winfried S.peters department of Animal Ecology and Systematics Justus Liebig UniversityHeinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32(IFZ)35392 GiessenGermany Ornithology Section Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History MuseumSenckenberganlage 2560325 FrankfurtGermany School of Biological Science Washington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164USA

Background: Bone fracture frequencies and survival rates are essential parameters in skeleton evolution, but information on the functional consequences of naturally healed fractures is scarce. No leg bone fracture healing in the wild has been reported so far from long-legged Charadriiformes(waders), which depend on bipedal locomotion for ***: We documented a healed but malaligned tarsometatarsus fracture in a wild Willet(Tringa [Catoptrophorus]semipalmata), and a malaligned tibiotarsus fracture in a Curlew(Numenius arquata) skeleton from a museum collection. Functional consequences of the malalignments were evaluated by kinematic analyses of videos(Willet) and in silico 3d modeling(Curlew).Results: The Willet's left tarsometatarsus exhibited an angular malalignment of 70°, resulting in a limping gait that was less pronounced at high than at low walking speed. The bird seemed unable to club the toes of the left foot together, apparently a secondary effect of the deformity. The Curlew's tibiotarsus showed an angular and an axial malalignment, causing the foot to rotate outwards when the intertarsal joint was flexed. despite the severe effects of their injuries, the birds had survived at least long enough for the fractures to heal ***: Somewhat unexpectedly, leg fractures are not necessarily fatal in long-legged waders, even if deformities occur in the healing process. Bipedal locomotion on vegetated grounds must have been impeded due to the bone malalignments in both analyzed cases. The birds probably alleviated the impact of their handicaps by shifting a larger proportion of their activities to vegetation-free habitats.

关键词： 3d modeling Bone fracture healing Tringa(Catoptrophorus) semipalmata Kinematic gait analysis Long bone malalignment Numenius arquata Scolopacidae

Canonical Workflows in Simulation-based Climate Sciences

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data Intelligence 2022年第2期4卷 212-225页

作者： Ivonne Anders Karsten peters-von Gehlen Hannes Thiemann German Climate Computing Center(dKRZ) BundesstraBe 45aD-20146 HamburgGermany

In this paper we present the derivation of Canonical Workflow Modules from current workflows in simulation-based climate science in support of the elaboration of a corresponding framework for simulationbased *** first identified the different users and user groups in simulation-based climate science based on their reasons for using the resources provided at the German Climate Computing Center(dKRZ).What is special about this is that the dKRZ provides the climate science community with resources like high performance computing(HPC),data storage and specialised services,and hosts the World data Center for Climate(WdCC).Therefore,users can perform their entire research workflows up to the publication of the data on the same *** analysis shows,that the resources are used by two primary user types:those who require the HPC-system to perform resource intensive simulations to subsequently analyse them and those who reuse,build-on and analyse existing *** then further subdivided these top-level user categories based on their specific goals and analysed their typical,idealised workflows applied to achieve the respective project *** find that due to the subdivision and further granulation of the user groups,the workflows show apparent ***,similar"Canonical Workflow Modules"can be clearly made *** modules are"data and Software(Re)use","Compute","data and Software Storing","data and Software Publication","Generating Knowledge"and in their entirety form the basis for a Canonical Workflow Framework for Research(CWFR).It is desirable that parts of the workflows in a CWFR act as FdOs,but we view this aspect ***,we reflect on the question whether the derivation of Canonical Workflow modules from the analysis of current user behaviour still holds for future systems and work processes.

关键词： Canonical Workflow Fair digital Objects HPC infrastructures data services Climate science