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How can Practitioners Support citizen Volunteers in disaster Risk Reduction? Insight from “Good and Ready” in Aotearoa New Zealand

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International Journal of disaster Risk Science 2024年第3期15卷 374-387页

作者： lo?c le dé Steve Ronoh Ei Mon Thinn Kyu Brigitte Rive School of Public Health and Interdisciplinary Studies Auckland University of Technology Pacific Health Research centre Auckland University of Technology New Zealand Red cross

Global and national policy frameworks emphasize the importance of people's participation and volunteers' role in disaster risk reduction. While research has extensively focused on volunteers in disaster response and recovery, less attention has been paid on how organizations involved in disaster risk management can support volunteers in leading and coordinating communitybased disaster risk reduction. In 2019, the New Zealand Red cross piloted the Good and Ready initiative in Auckland,Aotearoa New Zealand, with the objective to empower local people in resilience building with a focus on volunteers and community participation. This research examined the positive and negative outcomes of Good and Ready and investigated volunteers' experiences in the disaster resilience initiative. It involved the codesign of a questionnaire-based survey using participatory methods with Good and Ready volunteers, the dissemination of the survey to gather volunteers' viewpoints, and a focus group discussion with participatory activities with Red cross volunteers. The findings highlight that a key challenge lies in finding a balance between a program that provides flexibility to address contextual issues and fosters communities' ownership, versus a prescriptive and standardized approach that leaves little room for creativity and self-initiative. It pinpoints that supporting volunteers with technical training is critical but that soft skills training such as coordinating, communicating,or facilitating activities at the local level are needed. It concludes that the sustainability of Good and Ready requires understanding and meeting volunteers' motivations and expectations and that enhancing partnerships with local emergency management agencies would strengthen the program.

关键词： community-based approach disaster risk reduction New Zealand Participation Volunteers

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Enhancing 3d Reconstruction Accuracy of FIB Tomography data Using Multi‑voltage Images and Multimodal Machine learning

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Nanomanufacturing and Metrology 2024年第1期7卷 48-60页

作者： Trushal Sardhara Alexander Shkurmanov Yong li lukas Riedel Shan Shi christian J.cyron Roland c.Aydin martin Ritter Institute for continuum and Material Mechanics Hamburg University of TechnologyHamburgGermany Electron Microscopy Unit Hamburg University of TechnologyHamburgGermany Institute of Materials Physics and Technology Hamburg University of TechnologyHamburgGermany Institute of Materials Mechanics Helmholtz-Zentrum HereonGeesthachtGermany Research Group of Integrated Metallic Nanomaterials Systems Hamburg University of TechnologyHamburgGermany Institute of Material Systems Modeling Helmholtz-Zentrum HereonGeesthachtGermany

FIB-SEM tomography is a powerful technique that integrates a focused ion beam(FIB)and a scanning electron microscope(SEM)to capture high-resolution imaging data of *** approach involves collecting in-plane SEM imagesand using FIB to remove material layers for imaging subsequent planes,thereby producing image ***,theseimage stacks in FIB-SEM tomography are subject to the shine-through effect,which makes structures visible from theposterior regions of the current *** artifact introduces an ambiguity between image intensity and structures in thecurrent plane,making conventional segmentation methods such as thresholding or the k-means algorithm *** study,we propose a multimodal machine learning approach that combines intensity information obtained at differentelectron beam accelerating voltages to improve the three-dimensional(3d)reconstruction of *** treatingthe increased shine-through effect at higher accelerating voltages as a form of additional information,the proposed methodsignificantly improves segmentation accuracy and leads to more precise 3d reconstructions for real FIB tomography data.

关键词： Multimodal machine learning Multi-voltage images FIB-SEM Overdeterministic systems 3d reconstruction FIB tomography

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Arabidopsis photoperiodic regulator cONSTANS feeds back to control the circadian clock

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Molecular Plant 2024年第9期17卷 1338-1340页

作者： Abril San martin Marcelo Javier Yanovsky Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquimicas de Buenos Aires(Fundacion Instituto leloir-cONIcET) Av.Patricias Argentinas 435Buenos AiresC1405BWE

Human beings live in a world defined by daily cycles of light and darkness caused by the Earth's rotation around its ***,like most living organisms,have evolved internal circadian clocks that time biological processes in anticipation of these daily environmental changes(Young and Kay,2001).The plant clock relies on core genes encoding transcription factors(TFs),which regulate each other's expression through intricate networks of interlocking transcriptional-translational feedback loops(Nohales and Kay,2016).These loops ultimately control the expression of thousands of genes,allowing plants to adapt to daily fluctuations in light,temperature,and humidity(covington et al.,2008).In addition to daily rhythms,the Earth experiences yearly seasonal cycles marked by longer,warmer days in spring and summer,followed by shorter,cooler days in autumn and *** changes in day length and temperature intensify with distance from the ***,the ability of plants to adjust their growth and development in anticipation of seasonal changes determines their latitudinal distribution(McMillan,1960).

关键词： circadian seasonal Arabidopsis

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Early bifurcation of hepatic artery in right-sided living-donor hepatectomy at Asan Medical center: rarely a critical issue

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2024年第3期13卷 520-522页

作者： deok-Bog Moon gil-chun Park Sang Hoon Kim Sung-Min Kim division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and liver Transplantation Department of SurgeryAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea

In living donor liver transplantation(ldlT),early bifurcation of hepatic artery(HA)relative to the cutting line of bile duct(Bd)requires additional skeletonization of the hilar plate,especially around Bd,compared to opposite ***,it may preclude higher chances of biliary complications such as bile leak and biliary stenosis in the ***,donor surgeons should be well aware of the anatomical correlations among HA,Bd,and portal vein(PV),based on preoperative 3-dimensional(3d)images,and also intraoperatively perform meticulous dissection of HA from the surrounding tissues and minimize the damage of microcirculation to the Bd without using energy devices such as electrocautery(1).When extensive dissection around Bd&its ischemic damage in the donor is expected to obtain single HA opening of the harvesting graft,we prefer separate two HA openings including right anterior and posterior HAs to single right HA(RHA)opening without skeletonization of donor’s Bd.

关键词： living donor liver transplantation(ldlT) hepatic artery(HA) early bifurcation right-sided living-donor

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Experimental measurements of gamma-photon production and estimation of electron/positron production on the PETAl laser facility

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第5期9卷 32-47页

作者： F.Brun l.Ribotte G.Boutoux X.davoine P.E.Masson-laborde Y.Sentoku N.Iwata N.Blanchot d.Batani I.lantuéjoul l.lecherbourg B.Rosse c.Rousseaux B.Vauzour d.Raffestin E.d’Humières X.Ribeyre centre lasers Intenses et Applications UMR 5107Universitéde Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA33405 TalenceFrance cEA DAMCESTAF-33116 Le BarpFrance cEA DAMDIFF-91297 ArpajonFrance cEA LMCEUniversitéParis-Saclay91680 Bruyères-le-ChâtelFrance Institute of laser Engineering Osaka University2-6 YamadaokaSuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan

This article reports the first measurements of high-energy photons produced with the high-intensity PETawatt Aquitaine laser(PETAl)*** experiments were performed during the commissioning of the *** laser had an energy of about 400 J,an intensity of 8×10^(18)W cm^(−2),and a pulse duration of 660 fs(FWHM).It was shot at a 2 mm-thick solid tungsten *** high-energy photons were produced mainly from the bremsstrahlung process for relativistic electrons accelerated inside a plasma generated on the front side of the *** paper reports measurements of electrons,protons and *** electrons up to35 MeV with a few-MeV temperature were recorded by a spectrometer,called SESAME(SpectreÉlectronS Angulaire MoyenneÉnergie).K-and l-shells were clearly detected by a photon spectrometer called SPEcTIX(Spectromètre Petalàcristal en TransmIssion pour le rayonnnement X).High-energy photons were diagnosed by cRAcc-X(cassette de RAdiographie centre chambre-rayonnement X),a bremsstrahlung *** cannon analysis is strongly dependent on the hypothesis adopted for the spectral *** shapes can exhibit similar reproductions of the experimental *** eliminate dependence on the shape hypothesis and to facilitate analysis of the data,simulations of the interaction were *** model the mechanisms involved,a simulation chain including hydrodynamic,particle-in-cell,and Monte carlo simulations was *** simulations model the preplasma generated at the front of the target by the PETAl laser prepulse,the acceleration of electrons inside the plasma,the generation of MeV-range photons from these electrons,and the response of the detector impacted by the energetic photon *** this work enabled reproduction of the experimental *** high-energy photons produced have a large emission angle and an exponential distribution *** addition to the analysis of the photon spectra,positron production was also ***,if high

关键词： process positron hypothesis

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convergent data-driven Regularizations for cT Reconstruction

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communications on Applied Mathematics and computation 2024年第2期6卷 1342-1368页

作者： Samira Kabri Alexander Auras danilo Riccio Hartmut Bauermeister martin Benning Michael Moeller martin Burger Helmholtz Imaging Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYNotkestr.8522607 HamburgGermany Institute for Vision and Graphics University of SiegenAdolf-Reichwein-Straße 2a57076 SiegenGermany School of Mathematical Sciences Queen Mary University of LondonMile End RoadLondon E14NSUK The Alan Turing Institute British Library96 Euston RdLondon NW12DBUK Fachbereich Mathematik Universitat HamburgBundesstrasse 5520146 HamburgGermany

The reconstruction of images from their corresponding noisy Radon transform is a typical example of an ill-posed linear inverse problem as arising in the application of computerized tomography(cT).As the(naive)solution does not depend on the measured data continuously,regularization is needed to reestablish a continuous *** this work,we investigate simple,but yet still provably convergent approaches to learning linear regularization methods from *** specifically,we analyze two approaches:one generic linear regularization that learns how to manipulate the singular values of the linear operator in an extension of our previous work,and one tailored approach in the Fourier domain that is specific to *** prove that such approaches become convergent regularization methods as well as the fact that the reconstructions they provide are typically much smoother than the training data they were trained ***,we compare the spectral as well as the Fourier-based approaches for cT-reconstruction numerically,discuss their advantages and disadvantages and investigate the effect of discretization errors at differentresolutions.

关键词： Inverse problems Regularization computerized tomography(cT) Machine learning

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Radioisotope production using lasers:From basic science to applications

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第3期9卷 31-44页

作者： M.R.d.Rodrigues A.Bonasera M.Scisciò J.A.Pérez-Hernández M.Ehret F.Filippi P.l.Andreoli M.Huault H.larreur d.Singappuli d.Molloy d.Raffestin M.Alonzo G.G.Rapisarda d.lattuada G.l.Guardo c.Verona Fe.consoli G.Petringa A.McNamee M.la cognata S.Palmerini T.carriere M.cipriani G.di Giorgio G.cristofari R.de Angelis G.A.P.cirrone d.Margarone l.Giuffrida d.Batani P.Nicolai K.Batani R.lera l.Volpe d.Giulietti S.Agarwal M.Krupka S.Singh Fa.consoli cyclotron Institute Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas 77840USA laboratori Nazionali del Sud Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare(LNS-INFN)CataniaItaly ENEA Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety and Security Department-CFrascatiItaly centro de láseres Pulsados(clpu) VillamayorSpain Universidad de Salamanca SalamancaSpain centre lasers Intenses et Applications(cElIA) Universitéde BordeauxCNRSCEATalenceFrance HB11 Energy Holdings Pty FreshwaterNew South WalesAustralia School of Mathematics and Physics Queen’s University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia“E.Majorana ”Università di CataniaCataniaItaly Facoltàdi Ingegneria e Architettura Universitàdegli Studi di Enna“Kore”EnnaItaly dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale Universitàdi Roma“Tor Vergata”RomaItaly dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia Universitàdegli Studi di PerugiaPerugiaItaly Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di PerugiaPerugiaItaly ElI Beamlines Facility the Extreme Light Infrastructure ERICDolni BrezanyCzech Republic ETSIA Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain dipartimento Fisica “E.Fermi”Universitàdi Pisa and INFNPisaItaly FZU–Institute of Physics of czech Academy of Sciences PragueCzech Republic Institute of Plasma Physics of czech Academy of Sciences PragueCzech Republic

The discovery of chirped pulse amplification has led to great improvements in laser technology,enabling energetic laser beams to be compressed to pulse durations of tens of femtoseconds and focused to a few *** with energies of tens of MeV can be accelerated using,for instance,target normal sheath acceleration and focused on secondary *** such conditions,nuclear reactions can occur,with the production of radioisotopes suitable for medical *** use of high-repetition lasers to produce such isotopes is competitive with conventional methods mostly based on *** this paper,we study the production of^(67)cu,^(63)Zn,^(18)F,and^(11)c,which are currently used in positron emission tomography and other *** the same time,we study the reactions^(10)B(p,α)^(7)Be and^(70)Zn(p,4n)^(67)Ga to put further constraints on the proton distributions at different angles,as well as the reaction^(11)B(p,α)^(8)Be relevant for energy *** experiment was performed at the 1 PW laser facility at VegaⅢin Salamanca,*** distributions of radioisotopes in the forward(with respect to the laser direction)and backward directions were measured using a high purity germanium *** results are in reasonable agreement with numerical estimates obtained following the approach of Kimura and Bonasera[*** ***.,Sect.A 637,164–170(2011)].

关键词： purity estimates backward

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Effects of a school-based karate intervention on academic achievement,psychosocial functioning,and physical fitness:A multi-country cluster randomized controlled trial

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 90-98页

作者： Tania Pinto-Escalona Erica Gobbi Pedro l.Valenzuela Simon J.Bennett Pierluigi Aschieri Manuel martin-loeches Antonio Paoli Oscar martinez-de-Quel Faculty of Education Complutense University of MadridMadrid 28040Spain department of Biomolecular Sciences University of Urbino“Carlo Bo”Urbino 61029Italy department of Systems Biology University of AlcaláMadrid 28805Spain Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences Faculty of ScienceLiverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolL33AFUK Italian Judo WrestlingKarate and Martial Arts FederationRome 00122Italy Psychobiology&Methods for the Behavioural Sciences department Complutense University of MadridMadrid 28040Spain department of Biomedical Sciences University of PaduaPadua 35122Italy

Purpose:To examine the effects of a school-based karate intervention on academic achievement,psychosocial functioning,and physical fitness in children aged 7-8 ***:Twenty schools in 5 different European countries(2 second-grade classrooms per school)participated in a cluster randomized controlled trial(Sport at School trial).Participants were assigned to either a control group,which continued with their habitual physical education lessons,or to an intervention group,which replaced these lessons with a 1-year karate intervention(Karate Mind and Movement program).A total of 721 children(344 girls and 377 boys,7.4±0.5 years old,mean±Sd)completed the study,of which 333 and 388 were assigned to the control group and intervention group,*** included academic performance(average grade),psychosocial functioning(Strengths and difficulties Questionnaire for parents),and different markers of physical fitness(cardiorespiratory fitness,balance,and flexibility).Results:The intervention provided small but significant benefits compared to the control group for academic achievement(d=0.16;p=0.003),conduct problems(d=-0.28;p=0.003),cardiorespiratory fitness(d=0.36;pd balance(d=0.24;p=0.015).There was a trend towards significant benefits for flexibility(d=0.24;p=0.056).No significant benefits were observed for other variables,including psychosocial difficulties,emotional symptoms,hyperactivity/inattention,peer problems,or prosocial behaviour(all p>0.05).conclusion:A 1-year school-based karate intervention was effective in improving academic achievement,conduct problems,and physical fitness in primary school *** results support the inclusion of karate during physical education lessons.

关键词： Academic performance cardiorespiratory fitness conduct problems Karate Physical fitness

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A numerical and experimental comparison of heat transfer in a quasi two-dimensional packed bed

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Particuology 2024年第1期84卷 136-144页

作者： Matthias Tyslik Mirko Ebert martin Schiemann Siegmar Wirtz christian lessig department of Energy Plant Technology Ruhr-University BochumGermany Institute for Simulation and Graphics Otto-von-Guericke-Universität MagdeburgGermany

Heat transfer plays a major role in many industrial processes taking place in packed *** accurate and reliable simulation of the heat exchange between particles is therefore crucial for a reliable operation and to optimize the processes in the *** discrete ordinates method(dOM)provides an established numerical technique to model radiative heat transfer in granular media that offers the possibility to consider the directional dependence of the radiation *** this work,dOM is compared with Monte carlo ray tracing,which provides an alternative method for heat transfer ***-rically simple configurations are used to investigate the influence of the angular discretization on the accuracy of the results and the computation time in both *** obtained insights are then transferred to a more complex configuration of a quasi two-dimensional test rig consisting of metal rods for which also experimental results are *** results show that both dOM and Monte carlo ray tracing allow for an accurate simulation of heat transfer in packed *** carlo ray tracing requires thereby computation times that are surprisingly competitive(although still somewhat slower)compared to dOM and allows for an easier computation of highly accurate reference *** our preliminary comparison to the experimental test rig,Monte carlo ray tracing also provides the advantage that it can more easily model highly specular materials such as stainless *** methods are comparable for diffuse materials such as magnesium oxide.

关键词： Heat transfer discrete ordinates method Monte carlo ray tracing

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Adsorption of pharmaceutical pollutants on Zncl_(2)-activated biochar from corn cob:Efficiency,selectivity and mechanism

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2024年第1期9卷 58-73页

作者： christian F.Varela l.c.Moreno-Aldana Yazmin Yaneth Agámez-Pertuz department of chemistry National University of ColombiaAv.Carrera 30 No.45-03BogotáD.C.Colombia department of Biology and chemistry University of the Llanoskm 12 road to Puerto LópezVillavicencioColombia

The occurrence of pharmaceuticals in water bodies and drinking water poses risks for the envi-ronment and human health,thus it is necessary to study methodologies that allow the efficient removal of these *** this work,corn cob-derived biochar was obtained by Zncl_(2)-activation,and subsequent carbonization at 700℃.The effect of contact time,temperature,pH,and initial concentration on the adsorption capacity of acetaminophen(AcE)and amoxicillin(AMX)was determined through batch *** addition,the kinetics,isotherms,and ther-modynamics parameters were *** activated biochar exhibited a maximum adsorp-tion capacity of 332.08 mg/g for AcE and 175.86 mg/g for *** adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm of AcE corresponded to the pseudo-second order and langmuir model,***,pseudo-first-order kinetics and the Freundlich isotherm model were well-fitted to AMX *** AcE and AMX co-adsorption had a synergistic effect on AMX but an antagonistic effect on AcE removal,achieving a maximum adsorption capacity of 193.51 and 184.58 mg/g,*** the other hand,fixed-bed column experiments showed that the adsorption capacity depends on the influent concentration,and the breakthrough curve fits the Thomas and Yoon-Nelson *** mechanism adsorption studies showed that surface inter-actions(hydrogen bonding formation and n-𝜋interactions)are the main driving forces for the adsorption process,and pore filling is the rate-limiting *** this way,the prepared biochar exhibits a high potential for the adsorption of pharmaceutical compounds from water.

关键词： Biochar Adsorption Acetaminophen Amoxicillin Wastewater treatment

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