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collisionless shock acceleration of protons in a plasma slab produced in a gas jet by the collision of two laser-driven hydrodynamic shockwaves

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第2期9卷 12-25页

作者： J.-R.Marquès L.Lancia p.Loiseau p.Forestier-colleoni M.Tarisien E.Atukpor V.Bagnoud c.Brabetz F.consoli J.domange F.Hannachi p.Nicolaï M.Salvadori B.Zielbauer LULI CNRSÉcole PolytechniqueCEASorbonne UniversitéInstitut Polytechnique de Paris91128 Palaiseau CedexFrance cEA DAMDIF91297 Arpajon CedexFrance Universitéparis-Saclay CEALMCE91680 Bruyères-le-ChatelFrance cENBG CNRS-IN2P3Universitéde Bordeaux33175 Gradignan CedexFrance GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH Planckstraße 164291 DarmstadtGermany University of darmstadt Schloßgartenstr.764289 DarmstadtGermany ENEA Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety department C.R.FrascatiVia Enrico Fermi 45FrascatiRomeItaly cELIA Universitéde Bordeaux–CNRS–CEA33405 TalenceFrance Universitéparis-Saclay CEALIDYL91191 Gif-sur-YvetteFrance

We have recently proposed a new technique of plasma tailoring by laser-driven hydrodynamic shockwaves generated on both sides of a gas jet[Marquès et al.,*** 28,023103(2021)].In a continuation of this numerical work,we study experimentally the influence of the tailoring on proton acceleration driven by a high-intensity picosecond laser in three cases:without tailoring,by tailoring only the entrance side of the picosecond laser,and by tailoring both sides of the gas *** tailoring,the acceleration is transverse to the laser axis,with a low-energy exponential spectrum,produced by coulomb *** the front side of the gas jet is tailored,a forward acceleration appears,which is significantly enhanced when both the front and back sides of the plasma are *** forward acceleration produces higher-energy protons,with a peaked spectrum,and is in good agreement with the mechanism of collisionless shock acceleration(cSA).The spatiotemporal evolution of the plasma profile is characterized by optical shadowgraphy of a probe *** refraction and absorption of this beam are simulated by post-processing 3d hydrodynamic simulations of the plasma *** with the experimental results allows estimation of the thickness and near-critical density of the plasma slab produced by tailoring both sides of the gas *** parameters are in good agreement with those required for cSA.

关键词： acceleration hydrodynamic collision

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prevalence of Gender-Based Violence among Sex Workers in Bangui, central African Republic (cAR)

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Advances in Sexual Medicine 2024年第2期14卷 13-20页

作者： d. Mossoro-Kpinde Hermione S. c. diemer Henri R. Tende Nzengou Richard S. Siki Francis J. d. d. Tekpa Bertrand Ministry of Labor Employment Social Protection and Vocational Training Bangui Central African Republic department of public Health Faculty of Health Sciences University of Bangui Bangui Central African Republic community of the Tree of Life Bangui Central African Republic Traumatology department The Central African Republic RCA Community Hospital Bangui Central African Republic

Background: Violence against women has become an international public health and human rights issue in recent decades. The violence suffered by sex workers is of little interest for research, yet it constitutes a major health and safety problem. We propose to assess the extent of the phenomenon of gender-based violence (GBV) among sex workers (SWs) in the city of Bangui in the cAR. Methodology: This is a descriptive cross-sectional epidemiological study covering the period from July to October 2021 carried out among SWs in Bangui, the capital of the cAR. Given that the SWs association had only 159 members in Bangui, an exhaustive sampling was retained. Were included in the study, any SW present during the data collection period and having given their written consent. The parameters studied were socio-demographic characteristics: age, sex, residence, level of education, marital status, and characteristics linked to violence: the notion of violence during their professional activity, the type of violence, the declaration and the declaration if necessary, the response and management of this violence. The data collected was analyzed using Epi info version 7 software. Results: Of the 159 SWs that counted the association, 108 had been included. The average age was 27.0 years with extremes of 14 and 46 years. The age groups of 25 to 34 years were the most represented (43.5%). Fifty-six SWs (51.9%) had reached the secondary level. Unemployed SWs were in the majority at 74.1%;Sixty-six (66) SWs in our sample (61.1%) had already been victims of violence during the exercise of their activity Sexual violence was the most represented (28.5%) followed by verbal violence (22.4%). Sixty-eight (62.9%) wanted to stop the professional activity of SWs and 93.1% would accept another income-generating activity in place of sex work. conclusion: It is necessary to supervise SWs and protect them within the framework of respect for human rights, rather than criminalizing them and the exploit

关键词： Female Sex Workers Gender-Based Violence central African Republic

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某工业场地土壤砷的空间分布及As(Ⅲ)迁移规律研究

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土壤通报 2024年第2期55卷 502-512页

作者：左玉涛孔文亮代义彬 SEIdOU c.d. 王铁军天津大学地球系统科学学院表层地球系统科学研究院天津300072 天津北大港湿地自然保护区管理中心天津300270 天津大学天津环渤海滨海地球关键带国家野外科学观测研究站天津300072 天津大学天津市环渤海关键带科学与可持续发展重点实验室天津300072

[目的]旨在掌握某工业场地土壤中砷(As)的空间分布特征并揭示其迁移规律,为该工业场地土壤As污染防治提供数据与理论基础。[方法]本文选取葫芦岛市某工业场地为研究区,首先统计分析了场地内土壤As含量的空间分布特征,并比较了等温与动... 详细信息

[目的]旨在掌握某工业场地土壤中砷(As)的空间分布特征并揭示其迁移规律,为该工业场地土壤As污染防治提供数据与理论基础。[方法]本文选取葫芦岛市某工业场地为研究区,首先统计分析了场地内土壤As含量的空间分布特征,并比较了等温与动态吸附两种获取土壤中As(Ⅲ)吸附参数的实验方法的特点与适用性,最终利用HYdRUS-1d模型反演计算了As(Ⅲ)在供试土壤中的d_(L)、K、α、β等迁移参数。[结果]场地土壤As浓度水平分布具有显著差异,在垂向上主要富集于40 cm深度内,且随深度增加而降低。等温吸附实验的结果表明:土样中As(Ⅲ)的平衡固相浓度随液相浓度增加呈非线性增长趋势,Langmuir模型(R^(2)=0.988)对实测数据的拟合效果优于Henry和Freundlich模型。动态吸附实验结果展示了As(Ⅲ)相对浓度完全穿透土柱所需的污染液体积随As(Ⅲ)初始浓度的增加而减少的规律;HYdRUS-1d反演结果表明三类吸附模型中,Langmuir模型(R^(2)=0.990)更适用于模拟土样中As(Ⅲ)的动态吸附过程。相较于等温吸附实验,使用动态吸附实验模拟As(Ⅲ)迁移行为更接近其在土壤中的真实迁移过程。[结论]该场地中的As污染来源于工业活动,主要集中在浅层土壤;土壤中As(Ⅲ)的迁移行为表现为非线性过程,较高的初始浓度将加速As(Ⅲ)的垂向迁移。动态吸附实验方法应优先应用于土壤As迁移过程及其参数获取的研究中。

关键词：土壤砷工业污染等温吸附动态吸附 HYdRUS-1d

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Assessment of energy consumption,environmental effects and fuel costs of the bus rapid transit system in Bogotá(colombia)

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clean Energy 2024年第3期8卷 34-47页

作者： Jhon Jairo pérez Luis Hernando correa poul AlbergØstergaard pedro cabrera Universidad de La Salle-Engineering Faculty Electrical DepartmentCampus La CandelariaBogota D.C.Colombia Aalborg University Department of PlanningRendsburggade 149000 AalborgDenmark University of Las palmas de Gran canaria Department of Mechanical EngineeringCampus Universitario de TafiraLas Palmas de Gran CanariaSpain

colombia aims to boost the utilization of mass transportation systems in its major cities while simultaneously reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 20%,in alignment with the commitments of the cOp21 *** 2020,the transport sector in colombia accounted for 34.4%of the country’s energy demand and was responsible for~49%of its total cO_(2) *** article presents an assessment of energy consumption,environmental effects and the fuel costs of Bogotá’s bus rapid transit system based on the Activity,Share,Intensity,Fuel methodology.A long-term analysis spanning from 2021 to 2040 was developed using the long-range energy alternatives planning *** conduct this assessment,the tool was calibrated using data from 2019 and *** distinct scenarios based on energy policies implemented in Bogotáwere examined:Business as Usual,Fast Transition,High Growth and Low *** energy consumption and environmental effects,the results underscore the pivotal role of diversifying energy sources and reducing reliance on fossil fuels such as ***,the analysis emphasizes the urgent need to accelerate the transition to alternative energy sources such as natural gas and electricity.

关键词： ASIF energy consumption environmental effects LEAp long-term energy model public transport

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Exploring the size of Andean condor foraging groups along an altitudinal and latitudinal gradient in the Tropical Andes: Ecological and conservation implications

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current Zoology 2024年第2期70卷 225-232页

作者： diego Mendez Felix Hernan Vargas JoséHernan Sarasola pedro p.Oleaa departamento de Ecologia Universidad Autonoma de MadridCalle Darwin 228049MadridSpain Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Calle 26 s/nCota CotaLa PazBolivia The peregrine Fund 5668 West Flying Hawk LaneBoiseID 83709USA centro para el Estudio y conservacion de Aves Rapaces en Argentina(cEcARA) Universidad Nacional de La PampaAvda Uruguay 1516300 Santa RosaLa PampaArgentina Instituto de las ciencias Ambientales y de la Tierra de La pampa(INcITAp-cONIcET) Avda.Uruguay 1516300 Santa RosaLa PampaArgentina centro de Investigacion en Biodiversidad y cambio Global(cIBc-UAM) Universidad Autonoma de MadridMadridCalle Darwin 228049Madrid Snain

patterns of variation in the size of vulture foraging groups,and their ecological causes and consequences,remain litle explored despite strong links with the carrion recycling service that this key functional group *** documented the group size-frequency pattern of Andean con-dors Vultur gryphus gathered to feed on 42 equine carcasses experimentally placed in Bolivia,between 2012 and 2019,along an elevation range of 1,300-4,500 m *** on the location(altitude and latitude)of the foraging groups,we examined the relationship between their size and species'population parameters(size and trend),habitat conditions,and livestock carcass availability and *** utilized a high frequency(93%)of carcasses forming groups that ranged from 1 to 80 individuals(mean=25,median=18)and shaped a"lazy-J curve"typical pattern of size-frequency distribution whereby few groups(5,12%)were large(>55 individuals)and most(21,50%)were relatively small(dividuals).Group size related to altitude in that most larger groups formed at lower sites(below c.3,000 m asl),likely following an altitudinal gradient whereby larger groups are more likely to form around larger carcasses(i.e.,cattle),which are more likely to occur at lower *** of population size,group size could be an adaptive response of condors via local enhancement for improving individual scavenging *** information gaps on this topic still exist,thus we provide a set of questions to address them,especially amidst the unrestricted impacts of human activities that condition vulture survival globally.

关键词： condor andino fusion-fission dynamics group size scavenger social foraging vultures.

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polyhydroxyurethanes from Biobased Monomers and cO_(2):A Bridge between Sustainable chemistry and cO_(2) Utilization

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chinese Journal of chemistry 2024年第6期42卷 652-685页

作者： Tharinee Theerathanagorn Tanika Kessaratikoon Hafeez Ur Rehman Valerio d'Elia daniel crespy VISTEc Advanced Laboratory for Environment-Related Inorganic and Organic Syntheses Department of Materials Science and EngineeringVidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology21210Wang ChanRayongThailand department of Materials Science and Engineering Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology21210Wang ChanRayongThailand

polyhydroxyurethanes(pHUs)have received considerable attention in the last decade as potential alternatives to traditional phosgene-based polyurethanes(pUs).The development of suitable 5cc(five membered-ring cyclic carbonate)precursors bearing multiple carbonate moieties(multi-5ccs)is a key requisite for preparing pHUs by polyaddition reaction with bis-or *** sustainable pHUs from cO_(2)-based five-membered cyclic carbonates(5ccs)obtained from biobased epoxides is a valuable strategy to bridge cO_(2) utilization and the upcycling of renewable *** this context,while many multi-5cc monomers reported in the literature are oil-based,recent efforts have led to the development of a large variety of multifunctional 5ccs that are produced by the combination of cO_(2) and renewable resources such as fatty acids and vegetable oils,lignin,terpenes,and *** this work,recent crucial advances(2019—2023)on pHUs prepared from bis-and multi-5ccs produced from cO_(2) and(partially/potentially)biobased substrates are reviewed with respect to their synthesis,thermal and mechanical properties,and their recent,emerging applications.

关键词： cO_(2) conversion polyhydroxyurethanes cyclic carbonates Biobased compounds Fatty acids Functional polymers Monomers Renewable resources

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classification of Rings Associated with the Genus of clean Graphs

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Algebra colloquium 2024年第3期31卷 451-466页

作者： V.Ramanathan c.Selvaraj Aaqib Altaf S.pirzada department of Mathematics Periyar UniversitySalem 636011Tamil NaduIndi department of Mathematics University of KashmirHazratbalSrinagarKashmirIndia

Let R be a ring(not necessarily commutative)with identity 1 and let cL(R)be its clean *** this paper,we investigate the genus number of the compact Riemann surface in which cL(R)can be embedded and explicitly determine all commutative rings R(up to isomorphism)such that cL(R)has genus at most *** is shown that for any Artinian ring R,cL(R)is a projective graph if and only if R is isomorphic to ***,we determine all isomorphism classes of commutative rings whose clean graphs have crosscap two.

关键词： clean graph commutative ring planar graph genus crosscap

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Uncovering Microstructure-property Relationship in Ni-Alloyed Fe-Mn-Al-c Low-density Steel Treated by Hot-Rolling and Air-cooling process

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2024年第4期37卷 713-725页

作者： Xiaoliang Jia Guhui Gao Xiaolu Gui chun Feng R.d.K.Misra Bingzhe Bai School of Mechanical Electronicand Control EngineeringBeijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing100044China cNpc Tubular Goods Research Institute Xi’an710077China Laboratory for Excellence in Advanced Steel Research University of Texas at El PasoEl PasoTX79968-0521USA School of Material Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of EducationTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

This paper focuses on the relationship between the microstructure and tensile properties of Fe-Mn-Al-c low-density high-strength steel processes by hot-rolling and air-cooling process. The microstructure analysis reveals that the combination of hot-rolling and air-cooling results in the formation of heterogeneous structures comprising different-sized γ and B_(2) phases in the low-density steel with the addition of nickel (Ni). The addition of Ni promotes the formation of the B_(2) phase and induces the pinning of B_(2) phase particles at the γ grain boundaries. This pinning effect effectively hinders the growth of the γ grains, leading to grain refinement. The tensile test results demonstrate that LdS-5Ni (low-density steel, LdS) exhibits excellent high strength and ductility combination, e.g., a tensile strength of 1535 Mpa, yield strength of 1482 Mpa, and elongation of 23.3%. These remarkable mechanical properties are primarily attributed to the combined strengthening contributions of grain refinement and duplex nano-sized second-phase precipitation hardening.

关键词： Low-density steel Microstructure B_(2)phase κ-carbide Tensile properties

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睾酮治疗性腺功能减退症男性患者对骨折风险影响的临床研究

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中国临床药理学杂志 2024年第5期40卷 731-731页

作者： SNYdER p J BAUER d c ELLENBERG S S 孟海峰

男性性腺功能减退症患者的睾酮治疗可以改善骨密度和骨质量,但需要足够大的样本和足够长的持续时间来确定睾酮对骨折发生率的影响。

关键词：骨折发生率性腺功能减退症骨质量骨折风险睾酮治疗骨密度持续时间男性患者

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A multi-shot target wheel assembly for high-repetition-rate, laser-driven proton acceleration

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High power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第2期 91-98页

作者： J.pe?as A.Bembibre d.cortina-Gil L.Martín A.Reija c.Ruiz M.Seimetz A.Alejo J.Benlliure Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Laboratorio Láser de Aceleración y Aplicaciones RIAIDT Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Instituto Universitario de Física Fundamental y Matemáticas y dpto.de didáctica de la Matemática y de las ciencias Experimentales Universidad de Salamanca Instituto de Instrumentación para Imagen Molecular (I3M) CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València

A multi-shot target assembly and automatic alignment procedure for laser–plasma proton acceleration at high repetition rate are introduced. The assembly is based on a multi-target rotating wheel capable of hosting more than 5000 targets,mounted on a 3d motorized stage to allow rapid replenishment and alignment of the target material between laser irradiations. The automatic alignment procedure consists of a detailed mapping of the impact positions at the target surface prior to the irradiation that ensures stable operation of the target, which alongside the purpose-built design of the target wheel, enables operation at rates up to 10 Hz. Stable and continuous laser-driven proton acceleration at 10 Hz is demonstrated, with observed cut-off energy stability about 15%.

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