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Use of two fungal species to induce agarwood resin formation in Gyrinops walla

Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第2期30卷 721-726页

作者： S.M.C.U.P.Subasinghe H.I.d.Hitihamu K.M.E.P.Fernando department of Forestry and Environmental Science University of Sri Jayewardenepura department of Botany University of Sri Jayewardenepura

Gyrinops walla Gaertn. is the only species growing in Sri Lanka that belongs to the agarwood family,Thymelaeaceae. Although agarwood resin induction and extraction from Aquilaria species of the same family have been practised for many decades in Southeast Asian region,the ability of producing agarwood resins in G. walla was discovered recently. Since previous studies were on agarwood resins formed due to natural causes, the present study was conducted to identify the potential fungal species that are capable of artificially inducing agarwood resin formation in G. walla. Since this is the first ever study conducted on artificial inducement of agarwood resin formation in ***, Aspergillus niger and Fusarium solani were selected owing to their high abundance in the naturally formed agarwood resinous tissues collected from 25 G. walla *** fungal species were separately grown in yeast extract glucose agar and used to inoculate healthy G. walla trees under aseptic conditions. Three holes were made for each tree and 2 g of fungal culture including the medium were placed in each hole. Tissue discoloration, characteristic aroma, resin content and resin constituents were checked at10 cm intervals above and below the inoculation points for a period of 1 year. Results revealed that tissue discoloration and resin content were higher in the trees inoculated with A. niger. Other than at 10 cm above and below the inoculation points, samples collected at all locations had significantly higher resin contents when inoculated with A. niger compared to F. solani. Sixteen agarwood resin constituents, which were also recorded in Aquilaria species, were identified from the discolored tissues using GC–MS analysis. Jinkohol, agarospirol and 2(2-phenyl)chromone derivatives were found in all discolored tissues collected at 10-cm intervals of the trees inoculated with both fungi. b-Seline, c-eudesmol and valerenal were found in nine of 10 sample points on the stem. c-Elemene was recor

关键词： Gyrinops walla Agarwood resin Aspergillus niger Fusarium solani Inoculation

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Assessment of agri-spillways as a soil erosion protection measure in Mediterranean sloping vineyards

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Journal of Mountain Science 2017年第6期14卷 1009-1022页

作者： Jesus ROdRIGO-COMINO Stefan WIRTZ Eric C. BREVIK Jose d.RUIZ-SINOGA Johannes B.BIES Instituto de Geomorfologfa y Suelos Department of Geography University of Malaga 29071 Malaga Spain Physical Geography Trier University 542-85 Trier Germany department of Natural Sciences 291 Campus Drive Dickinson State University Dickinson ND 58601 USA

Suitable vineyard soils enhance soil stability and biodiversity which in turn protects roots against erosion and nutrient losses. There is a lack of information related to inexpensive and suitable methods and tools to protect the soil in Mediterranean sloping vineyards(>25° of slope inclination). In the vineyards of the Montes de Málaga(southern Spain), a sustainable land management practice that controls soil erosion is actually achieved by tilling rills in the down-slope direction to canalize water and sediments. Because of their design and use, we call them agri-spillways. In this research, we assessed two agri-spillways(between 10 m and 15 m length, and slopes between 25.8° and 35°) by performing runoff experiments under extreme conditions(a motor driven pump that discharged water flows up to 1.33 l s^(-1) for 12 to 15 minutes: ≈1000 l). The final results showed: i) a great capacity by these rills to canalize large amounts of water and sediments; and, ii) higher water flow speeds(between 0.16 m s-1 and 0.28 m s^(-1)) and sediment concentrationrates(up to 1538.6 g l^(-1)) than typically found in other Mediterranean areas and land uses(such as badlands, rangelands or extensive crops of olives and almonds). The speed of water flow and the sediment concentration were much higher in the shorter and steeper rill. We concluded that agri-spillways, given correct planning and maintenance, can be a potential solution as an inexpensive method to protect the soil in sloping Mediterranean vineyards.

关键词： Agri-spillway Vineyards Runoff experiment Soil erosion Water discharge

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Collective Perspective on Advances in dyson–Schwinger Equation QCd

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2012年第7期58卷 79-134页

作者： Adnan Bashir Ian C.Clet Bruno El-Bennich Craig d.Roberts Peter C.Tandy Instituto de Física y Matemticas Universidad Michoacana de San Nicols de Hidalgo Edificio C-3Ciudad UniversitariaMoreliaMichoacn 58040Mxico Physics division Argonne National Laboratory ArgonneIllinois 60439USA Center for Nuclear Research Department of PhysicsKent State UniversityKent OH 44242USA CSSM and CoEPP School of Chemistry and Physics University of AdelaideAdelaide SA 5005Australia Laboratorio de Física Teórica e Computao Científica Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul01506-000 So PauloSPBrazil Instituto de Física Torica Universidade Estadual Paulista01140-070 So PauloSPBrazil department of Physics Center for High Energy Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and TechnologyPeking University Institut für Kernphysik Forschungszentrum JülichD-52425 JülichGermany department of Physics Illinois Institute of TechnologyChicagoIllinois 60616-3793USA

We survey contemporary studies of hadrons and strongly interacting quarks using QCd's dyson-Schwinger equations, addressing the following aspects: confinement and dynamical chiral symmetry breaking; the hadron spectrum; hadron elastic and transition form factors, from small-to large-Q2; parton distribution functions; the physics of hadrons containing one or more heavy quarks; and properties of the quark gluon plasma.

关键词： confinement dynamical chiral symmetry breaking dyson-Schwinger equations hadron spectrum hadron elastic and transition form factors heavy mesons in-hadron condensates parton distribution functions quark gluon plasma UA(1)-problem

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STUdY ON Ni_(25)Ti_(50)Cu_(25) SHAPE MEMORY PARTICLE/Al MATRIX COMPOSITE

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 1996年第6期9卷 589-594页

作者： L.S.Cui M.Qi P.Shi F.X.Chen d.Z.Yang department of Materials Engineering Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China

Ni_(25)Ti_(50)Cu_(25) shape memory particle/Al matrix composite was prepared by hot pressing and further *** Ni_(25)Ti_(50)Cu_(25) particles embeded in Al matrix still keep B19 and B19 structure,and have a good thermal-elastic martensitic transition with 6K thermal hysteresis,the phase transition temperatures remaining constant during cycling. The scratching force of Ni_(25)Ti_(50)Cu_(25) particle is two times that of Al matrix,When the scratching force is larger than 4.2N, the Ni_(25)Ti_(50)Cu_(25) particle is separated from Al matrix.

关键词： Ni_(25)Ti_(50)Cu_(25) shape memory particle Al matrix composite thermal-elastic martensitic transformation.

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Effect of firing conditions ＆ release height on terminal performance of submunitions and conditions for optimum height of release

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defence Technology（防务技术） 2017年第3期13卷 200-205页

作者： L.K.Gite A.Anandaraj R.S.deodhar d.K.Joshi K.M.Rajan Armament Research development Establishment (ARdE) Defence Research Development Organization Ministry of Defence Government of India

Submunitions should exhibit optimum terminal performance at target end when released from certain pre-determined height. Selection of an optimum height of release of the submunitions depends on the terminal parameters like forward throw, remaining velocity, impact angle and flight time. In this paper,the effects of initial firing conditions and height of release on terminal performance of submunitions discussed in detail. For different height of release, the relation between range and forward throw is also established & validated for a number of firing altitude and rocket configurations.

关键词：最佳高度终端子弹性能射击剩余速度飞行时间冲击角

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The effect of caloric restriction on genetical pathways

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2023年第5期12卷 1450-1457页

作者： Mustafa Fevzi Karagöz A.Gülçin Sağdıçoğlu Celep Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Nutrition and DieteticsGazi UniversityÇankaya 06490Turkey

Energy restriction is defined as reducing nutrient intake without dragging the organism into malnutrition. Energy restriction is preferred because it is a non-genetic intervention that increases life expectancy. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAd~+)and adenosine monophosphate(AMP)levels, which are the indicators of intracellular energy deficiency, increase with energy restriction. The increase in NAd~+ level stimulates sirtuin(SIRT)enzymes, and the increase in AMP level stimulates AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK). Various mechanisms are regulated by stimulating these enzymes. By Forkhead box O(FoxO)transcription factors, the ability of resistance to oxidative stress increases, and antioxidant genes, dNA repair, and autophagy genes are stimulated. Apoptosis is induced by stimulation of the p53 protein, and tumor growth is suppressed by the disruption of aging cells. The suppression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)-/-Akt, and therefore mTOR signal stimulates autophagy and mitophagia, and cleanses damaged cells and organelles. Mitochondrial biogenesis is stimulated, antioxidant capacity increases, and inflammatory response decreases. Adipose tissue and lipid metabolism are regulated by the regulation of fatty acid synthesis and oxidation. As a consequence, the effects of caloric restriction on cellular metabolism are regulated through the genetic pathways.

关键词： Caloric restriction Energy restriction Sirtuin AMPK Mitochondrial biogenesis

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Unsteady flow and heat transfer of porous media sandwiched between viscous fluids

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2010年第12期31卷 1497-1516页

作者： J. C. UMAVATHI I. C. LIU J. PRATHAP-KUMAR d. SHAIK-MEERA department of Mathematics Gulbarga University Gulbarga 585106 Karnaktaka India department of Civil Engineering National Chi Nan University University Road Puli Nantou Hsien 54561 Taiwan China

The problem of unsteady oscillatory flow and heat transfer of porous medin sandwiched between viscous fluids has been considered through a horizontal channel with isothermal wall temperatures. The flow in the porous medium is modeled using the Brinkman equation. The governing partial differential equations are transformed to ordinary differential equations by collecting the non-periodic and periodic terms. Closed-form solutions for each region are found after applying the boundary and interface conditions. The influence of physical parameters, such as the porous parameter, the frequency parameter, the periodic frequency parameter, the viscosity ratios, the conductivity ratios, and the Prandtl number, on the velocity and temperature fields is computed numerically and presented graphically. In addition, the numerical values of the Nusselt number at the top and bottom walls are derived and tabulated.

关键词： unsteady porous medium immiscible fluid horizontal channel analyticalsolution

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Two-dimensional Variational Analysis of Near-Surface Moisture from Simulated Radar Refractivity-Related Phase Change Observations

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2013年第2期30卷 291-305页

作者： Ken-ichi SHIMOSE Ming XUE Robert d.PALMER Jidong GAO Boon Leng CHEONG david J.BOdINE Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms University of OklahomaNorman OKUSA department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Kyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan School of Meteorology University of OklahomaNorman OKUSA Atmospheric Radar Research Center University of OklahomaNorman OKUSA National Severe Storms Laboratory NOAANorman OKUSA

Because they are most sensitive to atmospheric moisture content, radar refractivity observations can provide high-resolution information about the highly variable low-level moisture field. In this study, simulated radar refractivity-related phase-change data were created using a radar simulator from realistic highresolution model simulation data for a dryline case. These data were analyzed using the 2dVAR system developed specifically for the phase-change data. Two sets of experiments with the simulated observations were performed, one assuming a uniform target spacing of 250 m and one assuming nonuniform spacing between 250 m to 4 km. Several sources of observation error were considered, and their impacts were examined. They included errors due to ground target position uncertainty, typical random errors associated with radar measurements, and gross error due to phase wrapping. Without any additional information, the 2dVAR system was incapable of dealing with phase-wrapped data directly. When there was no phase wrapping in the data, the 2dVAR produced ex- cellent analyses, even in the presence of both position uncertainty and random radar measurement errors. When a separate pre-processing step was applied to unwrap the phase-wrapped data, quality moisture anal- yses were again obtained, although the analyses were smoother due to the reduced effective resolution of the observations by interpolation and smoothing involved in the unwrapping procedure. The unwrapping procedure was effective even when significant differences existed between the analyzed state and the state at a reference time. The results affirm the promise of using radar refractivity phase-change measurements for near-surface moisture analysis.

关键词： radar refractivity variational analysis low-level moisture

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Breast Calcifications and Histopathological Analysis on Tumour detection by CNN

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第1期44卷 595-612页

作者： d.Banumathy Osamah Ibrahim Khalaf Carlos Andrés Tavera Romero P.Vishnu Raja dilip Kumar Sharma department of Computer Science and Engineering Paavai Engineering CollegePachalNamakkal637018Tamil NaduIndia Al-Nahrain University Al-Nahrain Nanorenewable Energy Research CenterBaghdadIraq COMBA R&d Laboratory Faculty of EngineeringUniversidad Santiago de Cali76001CaliColombia department of Computer Science and Engineering Kongu Engineering CollegePerundurai638060Tamil NaduIndia department of Mathematics Jaypee University of Engineering and TechnologyGuna473226Madhya PradeshIndia

The most salient argument that needs to be addressed universally is Early Breast Cancer detection(EBCd),which helps people live longer *** Computer-Aided detection(CAds)/Computer-Aided diagnosis(CAdx)sys-tem is indeed a software automation tool developed to assist the health profes-sions in Breast Cancer detection and diagnosis(BCdd)and minimise mortality by the use of medical histopathological image classification in much less *** paper purposes of examining the accuracy of the Convolutional Neural Network(CNN),which can be used to perceive breast malignancies for initial breast cancer detection to determine which strategy is efficient for the early iden-tification of breast cell malignancies formation of masses and Breast microcalci-fications on the *** we have insufficient data for a new domain that is desired to be handled by a pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network of Residual Network(ResNet50)for Breast Cancer detection and diagnosis,to obtain the discriminative Localization,Convolutional Neural Network with Class Activation Map(CAM)has also been used to perform breast microcalcifications detection tofind a specific class in the Histopathological *** test results indicate that this method performed almost 225.15%better at determining the exact location of disease(discriminative Localization)through breast microcalci-fications ***50 seems to have the highest level of accuracy for images of Benign Tumour(BT)/Malignant Tumour(MT)cases at 97.11%.ResNet50’s average accuracy for pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network is 94.17%.

关键词： Computer-Aided detection breast cancer detection convolutional neural network class activation map computer-aided diagnosis

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The significance of U-Pb zircon ages in zoned plutons:the case of the Flamenco pluton, Coastal Range batholith, northern Chile

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第3期10卷 1073-1099页

作者： Natalia Rodríguez Juan díaz-Alvarado Carlos Fernández Paulina Fuentes Christoph Breitkreuz Colombo Celso Gaeta Tassinari departamento de Geología Universidad de Atacama departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra Universidad de Huelva Institut für Geologie TU Bergakademie Freiberg High Resolution Geochronological Laboratory University of S?o Paulo

Compositionally zoned plutons, both layered and concentrically arranged, provide granitic exposures where the mechanisms and timing of the magmatic emplacement processes can be studied. The importance of in-situ geochemical differentiation and the magma replenishment rates are revealed by geochemistry and field relations, together with the increasingly accurate U-Pb geochronology, which has promoted the knowledge about the pluton incremental assembly *** Flamenco pluton, located in the Coastal Range of northern Chile, is part of the Upper Triassic to Early Cretaceous Andean intrusives formed in the western active margin of South America, and present a normal zoned structure with mafic magmatic facies(mostly gabbros and Qtz-diorites) close to the contacts with the host metasediments, and tonalites, granodiorites and granites in the inner areas. A combined study of the field relations, geochemistry and zircon geochronology of the magmatic facies was applied to determine the emplacement sequence of the Flamenco pluton, revealing three distinguishable domains separated by metasedimentary septa. The SW area is constituted by mostly homogeneous leucocratic granodiorites that yielded an age of 213 Ma as the best estimation for their emplacement age. distinctive geochemical characteristics, such as the absence of an Eu anomaly, the depletion in HREE, or the highest Sr, Sr/Y and Ce/Yb values among the granodioritic facies of the pluton,involve lower T and/or higher P conditions at the magmatic source according to experimental *** conditions were established during an early stage of the Andean magmatic arc building that is firstly defined here as Upper Triassic. The NW and E domains of the pluton were sequentially emplaced between 194 Ma and 186 Ma and both the field relations and the detailed geochronological results suggest that the mafic facies intruded latter in the emplacement sequence. To the NW, Qtz-dioritic and gabbroic externally emplaced pulses ga

关键词： Zircon U-Pb geochronology Zoned plutons Andean magmatic arc Sequential emplacement Individual and statistical zircon ages

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