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An investigation of roof runoff during rain events at the Royal Military College of Canada and potential discharge to Lake Ontario

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第7期23卷 1072-1078页

作者： david G. Kelly Ron d. Weir Steven d. White Analytical Sciences Group & SLOWPOKE-2 Facility at RMC Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Royal Military College of Canada 11 General Crerar Crescent

The Royal Military College of Canada, located on the north eastern shore of Lake Ontario, possesses an abundance of copper roofs and lacks surface water treatment prior to discharge into Lake Ontario. Rainwater, roof runoff and soil samples were collected and analyzed for copper and other parameters. Copper was consistently detected in runoff samples with average concentrations of 3200 ± 2100 μg/L. Multivariable linear regression analysis for a dependant copper runoff concentration yielded an adjusted R 2 value of 0.611, based on an independent variable model using minimum temperature, maximum temperature, total precipitation, and wind speed. Lake water samples taken in the vicinity of storm water outfalls draining areas with copper roofs ranged from 2.0 to 40 μg/L copper. Such data exceed the 2.0 μg/L Canadian Water Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Aquatic Life as outlined by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment （CCME）. Analysis of raw, filtered and digested forms suggested that the majority of copper present in runoff and lake water samples was in a dissolved form. The majority of soils taken in this study displayed copper concentrations below the 63 μg/g CCME residential/parkland land use limits. These findings suggested that ion exchange processes between runoff water and soil do not occur to a sufficient extent to elevate copper levels in soil. It may therefore be concluded that the eventual fate of copper, which is not discharged via storm water outfalls, is lost to the water table and Lake Ontario through the sub-soil.

关键词： copper roof runoff Lake Ontario Canadian water quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life

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TIC-Tox: A preliminary discussion on identifying the forcing agents of dBP-mediated toxicity of disinfected water

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第8期29卷 208-216页

作者： Michael J.Plewa Elizabeth d.Wagner Susan d.Richardson Safe Global Water Institute and the Department of Crop Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina

The disinfection of drinking water is a major public health achievement; however, an unintended consequence of disinfection is the generation of disinfection by-products（dBPs）. Many of the identified dBPs exhibit in vitro and in vivo toxicity, generate a diversity of adverse biological effects, and may be hazards to the public health and the *** a few dBPs are regulated by several national and international agencies and it is not clear if these regulated dBPs are the forcing agents that drive the observed toxicity and their associated health effects. In this study, we combine analytical chemical and biological data to resolve the forcing agents associated with mammalian cell cytotoxicity of drinking water samples from three cities. These data suggest that the trihalomethanes（THMs） and haloacetic acids may be a small component of the overall cytotoxicity of the organic material isolated from disinfected drinking water. Chemical classes of nitrogen-containing dBPs, such as the haloacetonitriles and haloacetamides, appear to be the major forcing agents of toxicity in these samples. These findings may have important implications for the design of epidemiological studies that primarily rely on the levels of THMs to define dBP exposure among populations. The TIC-Tox approach constitutes a beginning step in the process of identifying the forcing agents of toxicity in disinfected water.

关键词： dBPs CHO cell cytotoxicity Toxicity Additivity

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Regarding the distribution of Glue in the Pion

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Chinese Physics Letters 2021年第8期38卷 17-22页

作者： Lei Chang Craig d.Roberts School of Physics Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China School of Physics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Institute for Nonperturbative Physics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China

Understanding why the scale of emergent hadron mass is obvious in the proton but hidden in the pion may rest on mapping the distribution functions(dFs)of all partons within the pion and comparing them with those in the proton;and since glue provides binding in quantum chromodynamics,the glue dF could play a special *** reliable predictions for the proton’s dFs is difficult because the proton is a three-valence-body bound-state *** sketched herein,the situation for the pion,a two-valence-body problem,is much better,with continuum and lattice predictions for the valence-quark and glue dFs in *** beginning of theory alignment is timely because experimental facilities now either in operation or planning promise to realize the longstanding goal of providing pion targets,thereby enabling precision experimental tests of rigorous theory predictions concerning Nature’s most fundamental Nambu-Goldstone bosons.

关键词： valence thereby rigorous

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A cognitive model＇s view of animal cognition

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Current Zoology 2011年第4期57卷 499-513页

作者： Sidney d'MELLO Stan FRANKLIN department of Psychology University of Memphis Memphis TN 38152 USA Institute of Intelligent Systems University of Memphis Memphis TN 38152 USA

Although it is a relatively new field of study, the animal cognition literature is quite extensive and difficult to synthesize. This paper explores the contributions a comprehensive, computational, cognitive model can make toward organizing and assimilating this literature, as well as toward identifying important concepts and their interrelations. Using the LIdA model as an example, a framework is described within which to integrate the diverse research in animal cognition. Such a framework can provide both an ontology of concepts and their relations, and a working model of an animal＇s cognitive processes that can compliment active empirical research. In addition to helping to account for a broad range of cognitive processes, such a model can help to comparatively assess the cognitive capabilities of different animal species. After deriving an ontology for animal cognition from the LIdA model, we apply it to develop the beginnings of a database that maps the cognitive facilities of a variety of animal species. We conclude by discussing future avenues of research, particularly the use of computational models of animal cognition as valuable tools for hypotheses generation and testing [Current Zoology 57 （4）： 499-513, 2011].

关键词： Cognitive models Computational models LIdA Ontology Taxonomy

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SEMI-QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF SEGMENT dISTRIBUTION IN LLdPE BASEd ON THERMAL SEGREGATION

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2002年第4期20卷 347-352页

作者： Stephen Z.d.Cheng Maurice Morton Institute and department of Polymer Science University of Akron Akron Lhio 44325-3909 USA

Based on successive multiple-step isothermal crystallization and self-nucleation annealing methods, a novel semi-quantitative method for the characterization of segment distribution in linear low density polyethylene (LLdPE) was established by treating the thermal analysis data using the Gibbs-Thomson equation. The method was used to describe the segment distribution of Ziegler-Natta catalyzed LLdPE (Z-N LLdPE), metallocene catalyzed LLdPE (m-LLdPE) and two commercial LLdPEs with wide molecular weight distribution. The differences of the results obtained from the two thermally treated samples were compared. The results of segment distribution of the polymers were discussed according to their microstructure data and were compared with their characteristics. It can be deduced from the results that this characterization method is effective to characterize the sequence structure of the branched ethylene copolymers.

关键词： characterization segment distribution linear low density polyethylene thermal segregation

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HALOMETHYLATION OF POLYSTYRENE ANd SUBSEQUENT PYRIdINATION VIA A HOMOLYTIC PATHWAY

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2006年第6期24卷 627-635页

作者： Sad Moulay Nadia Mehdi Laboratoire de Chimie-Physique Moléculaire et Macromoléculaire Faculté des Sciences de l'Ingénieur Departement de Chimie IndustrielleUniversité de BlidaRoute de SoumaB. P. 270Blida 09000Algeria

Chloromethylation of polystyrene （PS） with two different chloromethylating systems methylal/thionyl chloride and paraformaldehyde/trimethylchlorosilane was studied. Soluble chloromethylated polystyrene with a degree of substitution of 89% was obtained. The Conant-Finkelstein reaction on the chloromethylated PS afforded soluble iodomethylated polystyrene with a degree of substitution as high as 96%. The reaction conditions of Minisci were employed to radically pyridinate PS via its iodomethylated derivative. Polyelectrolytes were formed which could be converted to normal polymers by treatment with a 20% aqueous solution of NaOH.

关键词： Chloromethylated polystyrene Conditions of Minisci Iodomethylated polystyrene Pyridinated polystyrene.

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JUMPING INSTABILITIES IN THE POST-BUCKLING OF A BEAM ON A PARTIAL NONLINEAR FOUNdATION

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2013年第5期26卷 500-513页

作者： Yin Zhang Kevin d Murphy State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics (LNM) Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences department of Mechanical Engineering University of Connecticut

Mode jumping is an instability phenomenon in the post-buckling region, which causes a sudden change in the equilibrium configuration and is thus harmful to structure. The con- figuration of a partial elastic foundation can directly induce mode coupling from the buckling stage and through the whole post-buckling region. The mode coupling effect due to the configuration of partial foundation on mode jumping is investigated and demonstrated to be an important factor of determining mode jumping. By properly choosing the partial elastic foundation configuration, mode jumping can be avoided.

关键词： instability mode jumping tertiary jumping buckling beam elastic foundation

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PYRIdINATION OF POLY(VINYL CHLORIdE) via A HOMOLYTIC PATHWAY

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2007年第3期25卷 297-302页

作者： Sad Moulay Zakia Zeffouni Laboratoire de Chimie-Physique Moléculaire et Macromoléculaire Faculté des Sciences de l'Ingénieur Département de Chimie IndustrielleUniversité Sad Dahlab de BlidaRoute de SoumaB. P. 270Blida 09000Algeria

PVC was subjected to a chemical modification aiming at replacing the chlorine atoms by pyridine groups via a homolytic route. Pyridine groups were peculiarly affixed to the PVC matrix via a carbon-carbon bond rather than a carbonnitrogen one. PVC was first iodinated using the Conant-Finkelstein reaction, followed by the application of the homolytic conditions of Minisci to generate pyridinated PVC with a varying degree of substitution. The extent of substitution was not high; the reaction on 30% iodinated PVC afforded a degree of modification no greater than 3%.

关键词： Conditions of Minisci Iodinated PVC Pyridinated PVC

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disappearance of the dirac cone in silicene due to the presence of an electric field

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Chinese Physics B 2014年第3期23卷 63-70页

作者： d.A.Rowlands 张宇钟 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology School of Physics Science and EngineeringTongji University

Using the two-dimensional ionic Hubbard model as a simple basis for describing the electronic structure of silicene in the presence of an electric field induced by the substrate, we use the coherent-potential approximation to calculate tbe zero-temperature phase diagram and the associated spectral function at half filling. We find that any degree of symmetry- breaking induced by the electric field causes the silicene structure to lose its dirac fermion characteristics, thus providing a simple mechanism for the disappearance of the dirac cone.

关键词： silicene dirac cone ionic Hubbard model coherent-potential approximation

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Micro-computed tomography utility for estimation of intraparenchymal spinal cord cystic lesions in small animals

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第11期16卷 2293-2298页

作者： Mahmoud Farrag dipak d.Pukale Nic d.Leipzig Integrated Bioscience Program The University of AkronAkronOHUSA department of Chemical Biomolecularand Corrosion EngineeringThe University of AkronAkronOHUSA department of Chemical Biomolecularand Corrosion EngineeringIntegrated Bioscience ProgramThe University of AkronAkronOHUSA

Precise assessment of spinal cord cystic lesions is crucial to formulate effective therapeutic strategies,yet histological assessment of the lesion remains the primary method despite numerous studies showing inconsistent results regarding estimation of lesion size via *** the other hand,despite numerous advances in micro-computed tomography(micro-CT)imaging and analysis that have allowed precise measurements of lesion size,there is not enough published data on its application to estimate intraspinal lesion size in laboratory animal *** work attempts to show that micro-CT can be valuable for spinal cord injury research by demonstrating accurate estimation of syrinx size and compares between micro-CT and traditional histological *** used a post-traumatic syringomyelia rat model to compare micro-CT analysis to conventional histological *** study showed that micro-CT can detect lesions within the spinal cord very similar to ***,micro-CT appears to provide more accurate estimates of the lesions with more measures(e.g.,surface area),can detect compounds within the cord,and can be done with the tissue of interest(spinal cord)*** summary,the experimental work presented here provides one of the first investigations of the use of micro-CT for estimating the size of intraparenchymal cysts and detecting materials within the spinal *** animal procedures were approved by the University of Akron Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee(IACUC)(protocol#LRE 16-05-09 approved on May 14,2016).

关键词： cyst size histology intraparenchymal cysts lesion size estimate micro-CT post-traumatic syringomyelia spinal cord imaging spinal cord injury spinal cystic lesion syrinx

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