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Maternal effects, malaria infections and the badge size of the house sparrow

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Chinese Birds 2015年第4期6卷 215-224页

作者： Philip L.G.Birget stephen d.Larcombe st Peter’s College University of Oxford Institute of Evolutionary Biology University of Edinburgh Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology University of Oxford Centre de Recherche de la Tour du Valat Jesus College University of Oxford Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow

Background: The evolution of sexual signals is not only determined by immediate sexual selection but also by selection arising from the environment and the interaction with developmental *** this study we aimed to investigate how the badge size of male house sparrows(Passer domesticus) is correlated to avian malaria infections as well as to prenatal testosterone exposure,measured as the 2d:4d digit *** rationale behind this study is that the immunosuppressive effect of maternal testosterone deposition combined with the fitness cost imposed by parasites may cause important trade-offs to the development of secondary sexual ***: Assuming that vector abundance is a key variable associated with infection risk by avian malaria,we caught adult male sparrows from eight different populations in the Camargue,France,four of which were located in a vector-controlled area,and the other four in an untreated *** each bird we measured its badge size,digit ratio and took blood to determine its infections *** used PCR to identify the malaria parasite species and strain that caused the ***: Contrary to our expectation,prevalence of disease did not differ across the vector-treatment regions,with around 80 % of birds being infected in both areas,and those infections were caused largely by a single strain,Plasmodium relictum *** infected birds had a badge size not significantly different from uninfected males,there was a condition-dependent association between badge size,infection status and maternal testosterone ***: This study illustrates that the complexity of temporal and ecological dimensions makes the relationships between disease,testosterone-related traits and secondary sexual signals that have been previously reported less general than thought.

关键词： Avian malaria digit ratio Passer domesticus sexual signals

Optimal solution of Fuzzy Transportation Problem Using Octagonal Fuzzy Numbers

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Computer systems science & Engineering 2021年第6期37卷 415-421页

作者： d.Gurukumaresan C.duraisamy R.srinivasan department of Mathematics Kongu Engineering CollegeErode638060India department of Ancient science Faculty of ScienceTamil UniversityThanjavur613010India

In this paper a fuzzy transportation problem under a fuzzy environment is solved using octagonal fuzzy *** transportation problem is significant and has been widely studied in the field of applied mathematics to solve a system of linear equations in many applications in *** of concurrent linear equations play a vital major role in operational *** main perspective of this research paper is to find out the minimum amount of transportation cost of some supplies through a capacitated network formerly the availability and the demand notes are octagonal fuzzy *** fuzzy numbers are used and showed a membership *** illustrate this method,a fuzzy transportation problem is solved by using octagonal fuzzy numbers using the ranking *** is shown that it is the best optimal solution and it is demonstrated with a numerical example.

关键词： Linear equation transportation problem fuzzy transportation problem ranking technique trapezoidal fuzzy numbers

Marine Metagenome as A Resource for Novel Enzymes

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2015年第5期13卷 290-295页

作者： Amani d.Alma'abadi Takashi Gojobori Katsuhiko Mineta Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)

More than 99% of identified prokaryotes, including many from the marine environment, cannot be cultured in the laboratory. This lack of capability restricts our knowledge of microbial genetics and community ecology. Metagenomics, the culture-independent cloning of environmental dNAs that are isolated directly from an environmental sample, has already provided a wealth of information about the uncultured microbial world. It has also facilitated the discovery of novel bio- catalysts by allowing researchers to probe directly into a huge diversity of enzymes within natural microbial communities. Recent advances in these studies have led to a great interest in recruiting microbial enzymes for the development of environmentally-friendly industry. Although the metage- nomics approach has many limitations, it is expected to provide not only scientific insights but also economic benefits, especially in industry. This review highlights the importance of metagenomics in mining microbial lipases, as an example, by using high-throughput techniques. In addition, we dis- cuss challenges in the metagenomics as an important part of bioinformatics analysis in big data.

关键词： Microbial diversity Culture-independent studies Catalysis Lipase Biotechnology

Evidence for a female-produced, long range pheromone of Anoplophora glabripennis （Coleoptera Cerambycidae）

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Insect science 2012年第3期19卷 355-371页

作者： Jacob d.Wickham Zhichun Xu stephen A.Teale department of Environmental and Forest Biology SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry1 Forestry DriveSyracuseN Y 13210USA College of Forest Resources Beijing Forestry University Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

Volatiles from female Asian longhorned beetle （ ALB ）, Anoplophora glabripenhis, were evaluated as candidate sex pheromone components. Previous studies on ALB have revealed several antennally active compounds from virgin females; however the origins and activity of these compounds were not apparent and require further investigation. We tested the hypothesis that one or more of the ALB contact sex pheromones is a precursor that undergoes abiotic oxidation to yield volatile pheromone components, and evaluated the activity of these compounds using laboratory and field bioassays. Gas chromatogra- phy coupled electroantennography detection （GC-EAd） analysis indicated the presence of three antennally active aldehydes （heptanal, nonanal, and hexadecanal） in female cuticular extracts exposed to ozone or UV and visible light. In laboratory bioassays using a Y-tube olfactometer, males were preferentially attracted to ozonized female body washes over crude body washes. similarly, synthetic formulations of these compounds were preferred over controls in the olfactometer. Field trapping experiments conducted from 2006 to 2008 in Ningxia, China showed that synthetic lures of the three aldehydes formulated in a ratio simulating that of virgin females attracted more beetles compared to controls, and that combinations of these aldehydes, linalool oxide, and host kairomones captured more beetles than controls, and captured significantly more males.

关键词： Anoplophora glabripennis Asian longhorned beetle cuticular hydrocarbons,kairomone oxidation pheromone

Microstructure and texture evolution in AZ31 magnesium alloy during caliber rolling at different temperatures

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2017年第3期5卷 340-347页

作者： Abhishek Tripathi s.V.s.Narayana Murty P.Ramesh Narayanan department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials science Indian Institute of Technology BombayMumbai 400076India Materials Characterisation division Materials and Metallurgy GroupVikram Sarabhai Space CentreTrivandrum 695022India

Magnesium alloy AZ31 was caliber rolled at different temperatures viz.523K,573K,623K,673K and 723K imposing a total cumulative reduction of 92%and a cumulative strain of *** associated microstructure and texture evolution were studied using Electron Back scattered diffraction(EBsd)and X-ray macro-texture observations *** refinement was observed in all the caliber rolled bars indicating the occurrence of dynamic *** parameter and texture index were used to study the evolution of *** doubling of the yield strength at room temperature was observed by caliber rolling at a temperature of *** improvement in mechanical properties was explained on the basis of the fine grain microstructures and suitable development of crystallographic *** on the present study,warm caliber rolling can be used as a good production method for obtaining long bars of high strength magnesium alloy AZ31.

关键词： Magnesium alloy AZ31 Microstructure Caliber rolling Texture

A compact charge-based model to study the nanoscale undoped double gate MOsFETs for nanoelectronic circuit design using genetic algorithms

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Journal of semiconductors 2013年第4期34卷 30-36页

作者： T.Bendib F.djeffal d.Arar LEA Department of ElectronicsUniversity of Batna05000Algeria

The analytical modeling of nanoscale devices is an important area of computer-aided design for fast and accurate nanoelectronic design and optimization. In the present paper, a new approach for modeling semicon- ductor devices, nanoscale double gate dG MOsFETs, by use of the gradual channel approximation （GC） approach and genetic algorithm optimization technique （GA） is presented. The proposed approach combines the universal optimization and fitting capability of GA and the cost-effective optimization concept of quantum correction, to achieve reliable, accurate and simple compact models for nanoelectronic circuit simulations. Our compact models give good predictions of the quantum capacitance, threshold voltage shift, quantum inversion charge density and drain current. These models have been verified with 2d self-consistent results from numerical calculations of the coupled Poisson-schrrdinger equations. The developed models can also be incorporated into nanoelectronic cir- cuit simulators to study the nanoscale CMOs-based devices without impact on the computational time and data storage.

关键词： nanoscale quantum genetic algorithm analytical model

Fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces on Aluminum Alloy Via Electrodeposition of Copper Followed by Electrochemical Modification

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Nano-Micro Letters 2011年第3期3卷 160-165页

作者： Ying Huang d.K.sarkar X-Grant Chen University Research Center on Aluminum (CURAL) University of Qubec at Chicoutimi

superhydrophobic aluminum surfaces have been prepared by means of electrodeposition of copper on aluminum surfaces, followed by electrochemical modification using stearic acid organic molecules. scanning electron microscopy(sEM) images show that the electrodeposited copper films follow "island growth mode" in the form of microdots and their number densities increase with the rise of the negative deposition potentials. At an electrodeposition potential of-0.2 V the number density of the copper microdots are found to be 4.5×104cm^(-2)that are increased to 2.9×105cm^(-2)at a potential of-0.8 V. systematically, the distances between the microdots are found to be reduced from 26.6 μm to 11.03 μm with the increase of negative electrochemical potential from-0.2 V to-0.8 V. X-ray diffraction(XRd) analyses have confirmed the formation of copper stearate on the stearic acid modified copper films. The roughness of the stearic acid modified electrodeposited copper films is found to increase with the increase in the density of the copper microdots. A critical copper deposition potential of-0.6 V in conjunction with the stearic acid modification provides a surface roughness of 6.2 μm with a water contact angle of 157?, resulting in superhydrophobic properties on the aluminum substrates.

关键词： superhydrophobic aluminum surface Water contact angle Copper microdots surface roughness Electrochemical modification

development and implementation of a validation protocol for crisis maps: reliability and consistency assessment of burnt area maps

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International Journal of digital Earth 2011年第S01期4卷 8-24页

作者： C.Corbane d.Carrion M.Broglia European Commission Joint Research CentreIspraItaly

Validation is an emerging topic in the field of geospatial information for emergency *** the framework of the Global Monitoring for Environment and security initiative,the services and Applications for Emergency Response project seeks to implement and validate the pre-operational version of Emergency Response Core *** that context,a dedicated effort has been made in the development and implementation of a comprehensive,productoriented validation protocol tailored to crisis maps and data *** paper presents the approach for validation of crisis maps and its application in the context of rapid mapping of forest fires in Corsica during the summer of *** also discusses the main challenges and the critical aspects of validation of geospatial information in emergency response services.

关键词： validation protocol crisis mapping remote sensing forest fires

Effect of Y content and equal channel angular pressing on the microstructure, texture and mechanical property of extruded Mg-Y alloys

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第1期10卷 210-224页

作者： W.Yang G.F.Quan B.Ji Y.F.Wan H.Zhou J.Zheng d.d.Yin Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengduSichuan 610031China Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China International Joint Laboratory for Light Alloys(Ministry of Education) College of Materials Science and EngineeringShenyang National Laboratory for Materials ScienceChongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China

The microstructure, texture and mechanical property evolution of the extruded Mg-x Y(x = 1, 5 wt.%) alloys during equal channel angular pressing(ECAP) were systematically investigated using an optical microscope, electron backscatter diffraction(EBsd) and uniaxial tensile test. The Mg-Y alloys exhibited a weakened basal texture before the ECAP, and the texture was further weakened with the max basal poles dispersed along ~45° between the extrusion direction and the transverse direction after the ECAP. The Mg-5 Y alloys always exhibited a finer grain size comparing to that of Mg-1 Y for the same ECAP process. With a proper ECAP process, both the strength and elongation of Mg-5 Y alloy could be improved simultaneously after the ECAP, i.e., the yield strength(273.9 ± 1.2 MPa), ultimate strength(306.4 ± 3.0 MPa),and elongation(23.9 ± 1.0%) were increased by 10%, 6%, and 72%, respectively, comparing to that before the ECAP. This was considered to be arose from the combined effects of grain refinement, significant improved microstructure homogeneity and solid solution *** addition, it was found that Mg-Y alloy with better comprehensive properties could be obtained by the decreasing-temperature ECAP processes. The yield strength-grain size relationship could be well described by the Hall-Petch relation for all the ECAPed Mg-Y alloys,which was consistent with that the texture changes did not significantly affect the average schmid factors of basal, prismatic and pyramidal slips for both Mg-Y alloys.

关键词： Mg-RE alloy Equal channel angular pressing Texture Mechanical property