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Analysis and Optimization of Operational and Pollutant Attributes of diesel Engine with CNT-Infused Orange Peel Biodiesel-diesel Blend Fuel

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第2期33卷 761-778页

作者： Ranjeet rai R.R.SAHOO Mechanical Engineering department GLA UniversityMathura281406India Mechanical Engineering department IIT(BHU)Varanasi221005India

The current study is performed to find sustainable solutions for the future of transportation and environmental *** conventional methods and experimental design table(L16 Orthogonal Array)techniques have been employed to examine and optimize a diesel-powered engine's operational and pollutant *** L16 Orthogonal Array is obtained through Taguchi's experimental design approach using Minitab 16 *** experimental design incorporated three control variables,namely engine speed,fuel type,and engine load,each with four *** operational parameters,namely brake thermal efficiency(BTE)and brake specific fuel consumption(BSFC),as well as the emission characteristics,including hydrocarbon(HC),carbon monoxide(CO),nitrogen oxide(NO),and smoke emissions,were acquired using the L16 orthogonal array(OA) and subsequently *** utilization of methodologies such as signal-to-noise(S/N) ratio and grey analysis was employed to determine the optimal operational state of the engine to achieve maximum performance while minimizing *** engine's ideal state of operation,in terms of BTE and BSFC,was determined to be at 75% engine load,1000 r/min engine speed,and using 10^(-4)(in vol) carbon nanotube incorporated 20% orange peel biodiesel(OPB20CNT100) blended fuel(A3-B1-C4).The study indicated that engine load significantly influenced BTE and BSFC,with 84.05% and 87.79% contribution factors,*** 25% engine load,1000 r/min,and OPB20CNT100 fuel(A1-B1-C4) CO,smoke,NO,and HC emissions were the *** load affects emissions the *** BSFC increased 3.10% and NO emissions 1.77%.BTE,CO,smoke,and HC emissions decreased by 1.9%,12.29%,47.05%,and 47.22%,respectively,at optimal operating conditions concerning diesel *** study shows that Taguchi-Grey's experimental design optimizes diesel engine operational and pollutant *** outcomes revealed that orange peel biodiesel infused with CNT can replace diesel fuel in a

关键词： Taguchi-Grey method OPB20CNT100 transesterification S/N ratio GRG HC CO and NO

Establishing the relationship between land use land cover,normalized difference vegetation index and land surface temperature:A case of Lower Son River Basin,India

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Geography and Sustainability 2024年第2期5卷 265-275页

作者： Shipra Singh Pankaj Kumar Rakhi Parijat Barbaros Gonengcil Abhinav rai department of Geography Miranda HouseUniversity of DelhiDelhiIndia department of Geography Delhi School of EconomicsUniversity of DelhiDelhiIndia department of Geography Istanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey

The study explores the intricate interplay between land use land cover(LULC),normalized difference vegetation index(NdVI),and land surface temperature(LST)within the Lower Son River Basin in India from 1991 to *** region’s ecological balance has been increasingly strained due to rapid urbanization and changing land use *** a combination of Landsat TM&OLI/TIRS satellite imageries and geospatial analysis techniques,this study unveils the intricate connection between land use and land cover changes,vegetation,and land surface temperature *** study area is classified into three altitudinal zones(Zone I:39–300 m,Zone II:301–600 m and Zone III:601–1,247 m)to examine the changes in *** area has seen significant changes in LULC,vegetation and LST in all the three altitudinal *** findings hold significant implications for sustainable land management and environmental conservation strategies in the Lower Son River *** per the result,103,438 ha of vegetation was converted into agriculture land and 82,572 ha of agricultural land was transformed into settlements from 1991 to *** trend shows human pressure on the land resource in the study *** increase in water body is seen which is attributed to commissioning of Bansagar *** I has seen highest settlement growth while Zone III experienced severe deforestation of around 15%.Zone II and III needs attention for holistic *** of LST shows that it has increased by 0.82℃ from 1991 to 2020 which is a red *** study underscores the critical importance of balanced land use practices to preserve ecological integrity and mitigate the adverse effects of urbanization and climate change.

关键词： Lower Son River Basin LULC LST NdVI Correlation

Multiplexed fluorescence and scatter detection with single cell resolution using on-chip fiber optics for droplet microfluidic applications

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第2期10卷 207-218页

作者： Preksha Gupta Ambili Mohan Apurv Mishra Atindra Nair Neeladri Chowdhury dhanush Balekai Kavyashree rai Anil Prabhakar Taslimarif Saiyed discovery Innovation Accelerator Centre for Cellular and Molecular PlatformsBellary RoadBengaluru560065KarnatakaIndia department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai600036Tamil NaduIndia

droplet microfluidics has emerged as a critical component of several high-throughput single-cell analysis techniques in biomedical research and *** significant progress in the development of individual assays,multiparametric optical sensing of droplets and their encapsulated contents has been *** current approaches,most commonly involving microscopy-based high-speed imaging of droplets,are technically complex and require expensive instrumentation,limiting their widespread *** address these limitations,we developed the Optidrop platform;this platform is a novel optofluidic setup that leverages the principles of flow *** platform enables on-chip detection of the scatter and multiple fluorescence signals from the microfluidic droplets and their contents using optical *** highly customizable on-chip optical fiber-based signal detection system enables simplified,miniaturized,low-cost,multiparametric sensing of optical signals with high sensitivity and single-cell resolution within each *** demonstrate the ability of the Optidrop platform,we conducted a differential expression analysis of the major histocompatibility complex(MHC)protein in response to IFNγ*** results showed the platform’s ability to sensitively detect cell surface biomarkers using fluorescently labeled ***,the Optidrop platform combines the versatility of flow cytometry with the power of droplet microfluidics to provide wide-ranging,scalable optical sensing solutions for research and diagnostics.

关键词： scatter enable resolution

Spectrum of COVId-19 induced liver injury:A review report

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第4期16卷 517-536页

作者： Lokjan Singh Anil Kumar Maya rai Bibek Basnet Nishant rai Pukar Khanal Kok-Song Lai Wan-Hee Cheng Ahmed Morad Asaad Shamshul Ansari department of Microbiology Karnali Academy of Health ScienceTeaching HospitalJumla 21200KarnaliNepal Health Sciences Asian College of Advance StudiesPurbanchal UniversitySatdobato 24122LalitpurNepal department of Biotechnology Graphic Era(Deemed to be University)Dehradun 248002UttarakhandIndia department of Pharmacology&Toxicology KLE College of PharmacyBelagaviKLE Academy of Higher Education and ResearchBelagavi 590010KarnatakaIndia division of Health Sciences Abu Dhabi Women's CollegeHigher Colleges of TechnologyAbu Dhabi 41012United Arab Emirates Health and Life Sciences INTI International UniversityNilai 71800Malaysia department of Microbiology College of MedicineZagazig UniversityZagazig 44519Egypt

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVId-19)pandemic has caused changes in the global health system,causing significant setbacks in healthcare systems *** pandemic has also shown resilience,flexibility,and creativity in reacting to the *** severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection targets most of the respiratory tract,resulting in a severe sickness called acute respiratory distress syndrome that may be fatal in some *** the lung is the primary organ targeted by COVId-19 viruses,the clinical aspect of the disease is varied and ranges from asymptomatic to respiratory ***,due to an unorganized immune response and several affected mechanisms,the liver may also experience liver cell injury,ischemic liver dysfunction,and drug-induced liver injury,which can result in respiratory failure because of the immune system’s disordered response and other compromised processes that can end in multisystem organ *** with liver cirrhosis or those who have impaired immune systems may be more likely than other groups to experience worse results from the SARS-CoV-2 *** thus intend to examine the pathogenesis,current therapy,and consequences of liver damage concerning COVId-19.

关键词： Autoimmune liver disease COVId-19 Clinical manifestation of liver drug-induced liver injury SARS-CoV-2

design and Application of an S-band Fast Radio Bursts Search Pipeline for the Nanshan 26 m Radio Telescope

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第7期24卷 114-120页

作者： Yan-Ling Liu Mao-Zheng Chen Jian Li Jian-Ping Yuan rai Yuen Zhi-Yong Liu Hao Yan Wen-Long du Nan-Nan Zhai Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Microwave Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Fast radio bursts(FRBs) are among the most studied radio transients in astrophysics, but their origin and radiation mechanism are still unknown. It is a challenge to search for FRB events in a huge amount of observational data with high speed and high accuracy. With the rapid advancement of the FRB research process, FRB searching has changed from archive data mining to either long-term monitoring of the repeating FRBs or all-sky surveys with specialized equipments. Therefore, establishing a highly efficient and high quality FRB search pipeline is the primary task in FRB research. deep learning techniques provide new ideas for FRB search processing. We have detected radio bursts from FRB 20201124A in the L-band observational data of the Nanshan 26 m radio telescope(NSRT-26m) using the constructed deep learning based search pipeline named dispersed dynamic spectra search(ddSS). Afterwards, we further retrained the deep learning model and applied the ddSS framework to S-band observations. In this paper, we present the FRB observation system and search pipeline using the S-band *** carried out search experiments, and successfully detected the radio bursts from the magnetar SGR J1935+2145and FRB 20220912A. The experimental results show that the search pipeline can complete the search efficiently and output the search results with high accuracy.

关键词： methods: data analysis methods: observational radio continuum: general

GUARdIAN: A Multi-Tiered defense Architecture for Thwarting Prompt Injection Attacks on LLMs

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2024年第1期17卷 43-68页

作者： Parijat rai Saumil Sood Vijay K. Madisetti Arshdeep Bahga School of Computer Science Engineering & Technology Bennett University Greater Noida India School of Cybersecurity and Privacy Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta USA Cloudemy Technology Labs Chandigarh India

This paper introduces a novel multi-tiered defense architecture to protect language models from adversarial prompt attacks. We construct adversarial prompts using strategies like role emulation and manipulative assistance to simulate real threats. We introduce a comprehensive, multi-tiered defense framework named GUARdIAN (Guardrails for Upholding Ethics in Language Models) comprising a system prompt filter, pre-processing filter leveraging a toxic classifier and ethical prompt generator, and pre-display filter using the model itself for output screening. Extensive testing on Meta’s Llama-2 model demonstrates the capability to block 100% of attack prompts. The approach also auto-suggests safer prompt alternatives, thereby bolstering language model security. Quantitatively evaluated defense layers and an ethical substitution mechanism represent key innovations to counter sophisticated attacks. The integrated methodology not only fortifies smaller LLMs against emerging cyber threats but also guides the broader application of LLMs in a secure and ethical manner.

关键词： Large Language Models (LLMs) Adversarial Attack Prompt Injection Filter defense Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning Cybersecurity

Snapshot imaging of ultrashort electron bunches

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第7期13卷 1226-1228页

作者： Andreas döpp Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität München Am Coulombwall 185748GarchingGermany Max Planck Institut für Quantenoptik Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1Garching85748Germany

New measurements combine spatial and temporal information from optical transition radiation to estimate the three-dimensional structure of electron bunches from a laser wakefield accelerator.

关键词： ultrashort Snapshot electron

The Bright Single Pulse Emission from PSR B1133+16

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第4期24卷 253-261页

作者： Jun Tan Zhi-Gang Wen Zhen Wang Xue-Feng duan Hong-Guang Wang Na Wang Vishal Gajjar Jian-Ping Yuan rai Yuen Wen-Ming Yan Jian-Ling Chen Wei Han Hui Wang Cheng-Bing Lyu Ai-Jun dong Maths and Information Technology School Yuncheng UniversityYuncheng 044000China Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Radio Astrophysics Urumqi 830011China School of Physics and Materials Science Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Space Science Laboratory University of CaliforniaBerkeley 94710USA department of Physics and Electronic Engineering Yuncheng UniversityYuncheng 044000China School of Physics and Electronic Science Guizhou Normal UniversityGuiyang 550025China

We have conducted a comprehensive investigation into the bright single pulse emission from PSR B1133+16using the Giant Metrewave Radio *** time resolution data(61μs)were obtained at a center frequency of 322 MHz with a bandwidth of 32 MHz over a continuous observation period of 7.45 hr.A total of 1082 bright pulses were sporadically detected with peak flux densities ranging from 10 to 23 times stronger than the average pulse ***,no giant pulse-like emission with a relative pulse energy larger than 10 and extremely short duration was detected,indicating that these bright pulses cannot be categorized as giant pulse *** majority of these bright pulses are concentrated in pulse phases at both the leading and trailing windows of the average pulse profile,with an occurrence ratio of approximately *** pulse energy distribution for all individual pulses can be described by a combination of two Gaussian components and a cutoff power-law with an index of α=-*** updated nulling fraction of 15.35%±0.45% was determined from the energy *** emission of individual pulses follows a log-normal distribution in peak flux density *** is imperative that regular phase drifting in bright pulse sequence is identified in both the leading and trailing components for the first *** physical mechanisms are discussed in detail to provide insights into these observations.

关键词： (stars:)pulsars:general (stars:)pulsars:individual(PSR B1133+16) methods:observational methods:data analysis

Influence of variable viscosity and double diffusion on the convective stability of a nanofluid flow in an inclined porous channel

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第3期45卷 563-580页

作者： N.HUMNEKAR d.SRINIVASACHARYA department of Mathematics National Institute of TechnologyWarangal 506004TelanganaIndia

The influence of variable viscosity and double diffusion on the convective stability of a nanofluid flow in an inclined porous channel is *** darcyBrinkman model is used to characterize the fluid flow dynamics in porous *** analytical solutions are obtained for the unidirectional and completely developed *** on a normal mode analysis,the generalized eigenvalue problem under a perturbed state is *** eigenvalue problem is then solved by the spectral ***,the critical Rayleigh number with the corresponding wavenumber is evaluated at the assigned values of the other flow-governing *** results show that increasing the darcy number,the Lewis number,the dufour parameter,or the Soret parameter increases the stability of the system,whereas increasing the inclination angle of the channel destabilizes the ***,the flow is the most unstable when the channel is vertically oriented.

关键词： nanofluid inclined channel variable viscosity linear stability double dif-fusion porous medium