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Light correcting light with nonlinear optics

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Advanced photonics 2024年第2期6卷 41-49页

作者： Sachleen Singh Bereneice Sephton Wagner Tavares Buono Vincenzo d'Ambrosio Thomas Konrad Andrew Forbes University of the Witwatersrand School of Physics Università degli studi di Napoli “Federico Ⅱ” Dipartimento di Fisica “E.Pancini” University of Kwa Zulu-Natal School of Chemistry and Physics

Structured light, where complex optical fields are tailored in all their degrees of freedom, has become highly topical of late, advanced by a sophisticated toolkit comprising both linear and nonlinear *** undesired structure from light is far less developed, leveraging mostly on inverting the distortion,e.g., with adaptive optics or the inverse transmission matrix of a complex channel, both requiring that the distortion be fully characterized through appropriate measurement. We show that distortions in spatially structured light can be corrected through difference-frequency generation in a nonlinear crystal without any need for the distortion to be known. We demonstrate the versatility of our approach using a wide range of aberrations and structured light modes, including higher-order orbital angular momentum(OAM) beams,showing excellent recovery of the original undistorted field. To highlight the efficacy of this process, we deploy the system in a prepare-and-measure communications link with OAM, showing minimal cross talk even when the transmission channel is highly aberrated, and outline how the approach could be extended to alternative experimental modalities and nonlinear processes. Our demonstration of light-correcting light without the need for measurement opens an approach to measurement-free error correction for classical and quantum structured light, with direct applications in imaging, sensing, and communication.

关键词： phase conjugation aberration correction orbital angular momentum nonlinear optics

On some new fuzzy entropy measure of pythagorean fuzzy sets for decision-making based on an extended TOpSIS approach

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Journal of Management Analytics 2024年第1期11卷 87-109页

作者： H.d.Arora Anjali Naithani department of Mathematics Amity Institute of Applied SciencesAmity University Uttar PradeshNoidaIndia

Fuzzy entropy measures are valuable tools in decision-making when dealing with uncertain or imprecise *** exist many entropy measures for pythagorean Fuzzy Sets(pFS)in the literature that fail to deal with the problem of providing reasonable or consistent results to the *** deal with the shortcomings of the existing measures,this paper proposes a robust fuzzy entropy measure for pFS to facilitate decision-making under *** usefulness of the measure is illustrated through an illustration of decision-making in a supplier selection problem and compared with existing fuzzy entropy *** Technique for Order performance by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOpSIS)approach is also explored to solve the decision-making *** results demonstrate that the proposed measure can effectively capture the degree of uncertainty in the decision-making process,leading to more accurate decision outcomes by providing a reliable and robust ranking of alternatives.

关键词： pythagorean fuzzy sets entropy measures multi criteria decision analysis TOpSIS method supplier selection

Using microglia-derived extracellular vesicles to capture diversity of microglial activation phenotypes following neurological injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1633-1634页

作者： Austyn d.Roseborough Nikita Ollen-Bittle Shawn NWhitehead Vulnerable Brain Laboratory Department of Anatomy&Cell BiologySchulich School of Medicine&DentistryLondonOHCanada

Microglia are one of the three glial cell populations in the central nervous system(CNS),along with astrocytes and *** microglia are unique among brain cells due to their hematologic origin and perform immune function... 详细信息

关键词： neurological cytes activation

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Comparative analysis of breast and lung cancer survival rates and clinical trial enrollments among rural and urban patients in Georgia

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Oncology Research 2024年第9期32卷 1401-1406页

作者： TATIANA KURILO REBECCA d.pENTZ Winship Cancer Institute Emory University School of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlanta30322USA

Objectives:Rural patients have poor cancer outcomes and clinical trial(CT)enrollment compared to urban patients due to attitudinal,awareness,and healthcare access *** of cancer survival disparities and CT enrollment is important for designing interventions and innovative approaches to address the stated *** study explores the potential disparities in cancer survival rates and clinical trial enrollments in rural and urban breast and lung cancer *** hypotheses are that for both cancer types,urban cancer patients will have longer 5-year survival rates and higher enrollment rates in clinical trials than those in rural ***:We compared breast and lung cancer patients’survival rates and enrollment ratios in clinical trials between rural(RUCC 4-9)and urban counties in Georgia at a Comprehensive Cancer Center(CCC).To assess these differences,we carried out a series of independent samples t-tests and Chi-Square ***:The outcomes indicate comparable 5-year survival rates across rural and urban counties for breast and lung cancer patients,failing to substantiate our *** clinical trial enrollment rates demonstrated a significant difference between breast and lung cancer patients at CCC,no significant variation was observed based on rural or urban ***:These findings underscore the need for further research into the representation of rural patients with diverse cancer types at CCC and other cancer ***,the findings have considerable implications for the initiation of positive social change to improve CT participation and reduce cancer survival disparities.

关键词： Cancer Cancer survival rates Clinical trial enrollment Rural patients Health disparities Barriers to clinical trial participation Geographic disparities

How Can practitioners Support Citizen Volunteers in disaster Risk Reduction? Insight from “Good and Ready” in Aotearoa New Zealand

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International Journal of disaster Risk Science 2024年第3期15卷 374-387页

作者： Lo?c Le dé Steve Ronoh Ei Mon Thinn Kyu Brigitte Rive School of public Health and Interdisciplinary Studies Auckland University of Technology pacific Health Research Centre Auckland University of Technology New Zealand Red Cross

Global and national policy frameworks emphasize the importance of people's participation and volunteers' role in disaster risk reduction. While research has extensively focused on volunteers in disaster response and recovery, less attention has been paid on how organizations involved in disaster risk management can support volunteers in leading and coordinating communitybased disaster risk reduction. In 2019, the New Zealand Red Cross piloted the Good and Ready initiative in Auckland,Aotearoa New Zealand, with the objective to empower local people in resilience building with a focus on volunteers and community participation. This research examined the positive and negative outcomes of Good and Ready and investigated volunteers' experiences in the disaster resilience initiative. It involved the codesign of a questionnaire-based survey using participatory methods with Good and Ready volunteers, the dissemination of the survey to gather volunteers' viewpoints, and a focus group discussion with participatory activities with Red Cross volunteers. The findings highlight that a key challenge lies in finding a balance between a program that provides flexibility to address contextual issues and fosters communities' ownership, versus a prescriptive and standardized approach that leaves little room for creativity and self-initiative. It pinpoints that supporting volunteers with technical training is critical but that soft skills training such as coordinating, communicating,or facilitating activities at the local level are needed. It concludes that the sustainability of Good and Ready requires understanding and meeting volunteers' motivations and expectations and that enhancing partnerships with local emergency management agencies would strengthen the program.

关键词： Community-based approach disaster risk reduction New Zealand participation Volunteers

The interaction of the structure-directing agent with the zeolite framework determines germanium distribution in SCM-15 germanosilicate

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2024年第5期18卷 105-114页

作者： Stoyan p.Gramatikov petko St.petkov Zhendong Wang Weimin Yang Georgi N.Vayssilov Faculty of Chemistry and pharmacy University of Sofia1126 SofiaBulgaria State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis Sinopec Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology Co.Ltd.Shanghai 201208China

We report results from computational modeling of the relative stability of germanosilicate SCM-15 structure due to different distribution of germanium heteroatoms in the double four-member rings(d4Rs)of the framework and the orientation of the structure directing agent(SdA)molecules in the as-synthesized *** calculated relative energies of the bare zeolite framework suggest that structures with germanium ions clustered in the same d4Rs,e.g.,with large number of Ge–O-Ge contacts,are the most *** simulations of various orientations of the SdA in the pores of the germanosilicate zeolite show different stability order-the most stable models are the structures with germanium spread among all ***,for SCM-15 the stabilization due to the presence of the SdA and their orientation,is thermodynamic factor directing both the formation of specific framework type and Ge distribution in the framework during the *** relative stability of bare structures with different germanium distribution is of minor *** differs from SCM-14 germanosilicate,reported earlier,for which the stability order is preserved in presence of ***,even for zeolites with the same chemical composition and SdA,the characteristics of their framework lead to different energetic preference for germanium distribution.

关键词： zeolite density functional theory structure-directing agent SCM-15

Converting TREx-RGB green-channel data to 557.7 nm auroral intensity:Methodology and initial results

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Earth and planetary physics 2024年第1期8卷 258-274页

作者： Jun Liang d.M.Gillies E.Spanswick E.F.donovan University of Calgary CalgaryT2N 1N4Canada

The recently deployed Transition Region Explorer(TREx)-RGB(red-green-blue)all-sky imager(ASI)is designed to capture“true color”images of the aurora and *** the 557.7 nm green line is usually the brightest emission line in visible auroras,the green channel of a TREx-RGB camera is usually dominated by the 557.7 nm *** this rationale,the TREx mission does not include a specific 557.7 nm imager and is designed to use the RGB green-channel data as a proxy for the 557.7 nm *** this study,we present an initial effort to establish the conversion ratio or formula linking the RGB green-channel data to the absolute intensity of 557.7 nm auroras,which is crucial for quantitative uses of the RGB *** illustrate two approaches:(1)through a comparison with the collocated measurement of green-line auroras from the TREx spectrograph,and(2)through a comparison with the modeled green-line intensity according to realistic electron precipitation flux measurements from low-Earth-orbit satellites,with the aid of an auroral transport *** demonstrate the procedures and provide initial results for the TREx-RGB ASIs at the Rabbit Lake and Lucky Lake *** RGB response is found to be *** conversion ratios or formulas between RGB green-channel data and the green-line auroral intensity are given and can be applied immediately by TREx-RGB data *** methodology established in this study will also be applicable to the upcoming SMILE ASI mission,which will adopt a similar RGB camera system in its deployment.

关键词： TREx RGB green-line aurora auroral transport model

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Mucopolysaccharidosis typeⅢB:a current review and exploration of the AAV therapy landscape

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 355-359页

作者： Courtney J.Rouse Victoria N.Jensen Coy d.Heldermon Lacerta Therapeutics AlachuaFLUSA University of Florida College of Medicine GainesvilleFLUSA

Mucopolysaccharidoses typeⅢB is a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in the gene that encodes for *** results in the aggregation of heparan sulfate polysaccharides within cell lysosomes that leads to progressive and severe debilitating neurological *** treatment options are expensive,limited,and presently there are no approved cures for mucopolysaccharidoses typeⅢ***-associated virus gene therapy has significantly advanced the field forward,allowing researchers to successfully design,enhance,and improve potential *** group recently published an effective treatment using a codon-optimized triple mutant adeno-associated virus 8 vector that restores N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase levels,auditory function,and lifespan in the murine model for mucopolysaccharidoses typeⅢB to that seen in healthy ***,we review the current state of the field in relation to the capsid landscape,adeno-associated virus gene therapy and its successes and challenges in the clinic,and how novel adenoassociated virus capsid designs have evolved research in the mucopolysaccharidoses typeⅢB field.

关键词： adeno-associated virus central nervous system gene therapy heparan sulfate immune response mucopolysaccharidoses type IIIB N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase newborn screening

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Endoscopic ultrasound-guided portal pressure gradient identifies patients with previously undiagnosed clinically significant portal hypertension

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portal Hypertension & Cirrhosis 2024年第2期3卷 67-74页

作者： Jerome C.Edelson Scott F.d.Edelson John G.Quiles Cyrus V.Edelson Eric M.Montminy Christian L.Horn John p.Magulick don C.Rockey department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Brooke Army Medical CenterFort Sam HoustonTexasUSA department of Medicine Uniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMarylandUSA department of Medicine Brooke Army Medical CenterFort Sam HoustonTexasUSA John H.Stroger Jr.Hospital of Cook County ChicagoIllinoisUSA digestive disease Research Center Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA

Aims:portal hypertension(pH)is a complication of cirrhosis that leads to hepatic *** the portal pressure gradient(ppG)provides valuable information for disease assessment,staging,and *** this study,we aimed to report the utilization of endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)-guided ppG(EUS-ppG)measurements in a real-world ***:This retrospective analysis included patients at a tertiary care center who underwent EUS-ppG between February 2021 and May *** most common indication was to establish or exclude the diagnosis of cirrhosis,followed by an assessment of surgical risk in the setting of suspected *** demographic and clinical data were collected,and statistical analysis was performed using the Student's t ***:Eighteen patients underwent *** success was achieved in 17 of the 18 *** complications were *** mean scores of Child-pugh,Model for End-Stage Liver disease-Sodium,and Fibrosis-4 scores were 5.1±0.5,9.0±3.0,and 3.7±4.5,*** the 18 patients,two presented with esophageal varices and six with portal hypertensive *** mean ppG was 5.8±4.5 mmHg,and five patients exhibited clinically significant pH(CSpH).Of the 18 patients,15 underwent concurrent EUS-liver biopsy,which was 100%successful and provided diagnostic histology for all *** ppG data led to changes in the clinical management of 17 ***:EUS-ppG is safe and technically *** Child-pugh score did not correlate well with the presence of CSpH;however,ppG measurements resulted in changes in the management of almost all *** studies correlating EUS-ppG with other assessments of liver diseases are required.

关键词： EUS portal hypertension portal pressure gradient