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dietary supplementation of valine,isoleucine,and tryptophan may overcome the negative effects of excess leucine in diets for weanling pigs containing corn fermented protein

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2025年第1期16卷 267-281页

作者： Andrea P.Mallea Charmaine d.Espinosa Su A Lee Minoy A.Cristobal Leidy J.Torrez‑Mendoza Hans H.Stein division of Nutritional Sciences University of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA department of Animal Sciences University of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA Present Address:EnviroFlight RaleighNCUSA.

Background diets with high inclusion of corn co-products such as corn fermented protein(CFP)may contain excess Leu,which has a negative impact on feed intake and growth performance of pigs due to increased catabolism of Val and Ile and reduced availability of Trp in the brain for serotonin ***,we hypothesized that the negative effect of using CFP in diets for weanling pigs may be overcome if diets are fortified with crystalline sources of Val,Trp,and(or)*** Three hundred and twenty weanling pigs were randomly allotted to one of 10 dietary treatments in a com-pletely randomized design,with 4 pigs per pen and 8 replicate pens per treatment.A corn-soybean meal diet and 2 basal diets based on corn and 10%CFP or corn and 20%CFP were *** additional diets were formu-lated by fortifying the basal diet with 20%CFP with Ile,Trp,Val,Ile and Val,Ile and Trp,Trp and Val,or Ile,Trp and Val.A two-phase feeding program was used,with d 1 to 14 being phase 1 and d 15 to 28 being phase *** scores were recorded every other *** samples were collected on d 14 and 28 from one pig per *** d 14,fecal samples were collected from one pig per pen in 3 of the 10 treatments to determine volatile fatty acids,ammonium concen-tration,and microbial *** pigs were also euthanized and ileal tissue was *** There were no effects of dietary treatments on any of the parameters evaluated in phase *** of 10%or 20%CFP in diets reduced(Pdy weight on d 28,and average daily gain(AdG)and average daily feed intake(AdFI)in phase 2 and for the entire experimental ***,pigs fed the CFP diet supplemented with Val,Ile,and Trp had final body weight,AdFI,AdG and gain to feed ratio in phase 2 and for the entire experiment that was not different from pigs fed the control *** scores in phase 2 were reduced(Pd protein may be included by up to 20%in diets for weanling pi

关键词： Branched-chain amino acids Corn fermented protein Leucine Tryptophan Valine Weanling pigs

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Alzheimer's disease and the immune system:the emerging role of TEMRA cells

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第12期20卷 3529-3530页

作者： Edric d.Winford Adam d.Bachstetter Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s disease and the Aging Brain Gertrude H.Sergievsky CenterDepartment of NeurologyCollege of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA department of Neuroscience Sanders-Brown Center on AgingSpinal Cord and Brain Injury Research CenterUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA

Alzheimer's disease (Ad) is the most common form of dementia,affecting millions *** is cha racterized by progressive cognitive decline and changes in behavior and personality,attributed to neuropathological changes,su... 详细信息

关键词： Alzheimer Aβ tau

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First prospective European study for the feasibility and safety of magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy in gastric mucosal abnormalities

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第20期28卷 2227-2242页

作者： milán Szalai Krisztina Helle Barbara dorottya Lovász Ádám Finta András Rosztóczy László Oczella László Madácsy department of Gastroenterology Endo-Kapszula Health Centre and Endoscopy UnitSzékesfehérvár 8000Hungary department of Internal Medicine University of SzegedSzeged 6725Hungar

BACKGROUNd While capsule endoscopy(CE)is the gold standard diagnostic method of detecting small bowel(SB)diseases and disorders,a novel magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy(MCCE)system provides non-invasive evaluation of the gastric mucosal surface,which can be performed without sedation or *** standard SBCE,passive movement of the CE may cause areas of the complex anatomy of the gastric mucosa to remain unexplored,whereas the precision of MCCE capsule movements inside the stomach promises better visualization of the entire *** To evaluate the Ankon MCCE system’s feasibility,safety,and diagnostic yield in patients with gastric or SB *** Of outpatients who were referred for SBCE,284(male/female:149/135)were prospectively enrolled and evaluated by *** stomach was examined in the supine,left,and right lateral decubitus positions without ***,all patients underwent a complete SBCE study *** gastric mucosa was explored with the Ankon MCCE system with active magnetic control of the capsule endoscope in the stomach,applying three standardized pre-programmed computerized algorithms in combination with manual control of the magnetic *** The urea breath test revealed Helicobacter pylori positivity in 32.7%of *** mean gastric and SB transit times with MCCE were 0 h 47 min 40 s and 3 h 46 min 22 s,*** average total time of upper gastrointestinal MCCE examination was 5 h 48 min 35 *** magnetic movement of the Ankon capsule through the pylorus was successful in 41.9%of *** diagnostic yield for detecting abnormalities in the stomach and SB was 81.9%(68.6%minor;13.3%major pathologies);25.8%of abnormalities were in the SB;74.2%were in the *** diagnostic yield for stomach/SB was 55.9%/12.7%for minor and 4.9%/8.4%for major *** MCCE is a feasible,safe diagnostic method for evaluating gastric mucosal lesions and is a promising non-invasive scree

关键词： Bowel diseases Capsule endoscopy diagnostic techniques Gastrointestinal diseases Gastric mucosa Helicobacter pylori

Polyethylene glycol fusion repair of severed rat sciatic nerves reestablishes axonal continuity and reorganizes sensory terminal fields in the spinal cord

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2095-2107页

作者： Emily A.Hibbard Liwen Zhou Cathy Z.Yang Karthik Venkudusamy Yessenia Montoya Alexa Olivarez George d.Bittner dale R.Sengelaub Program in Neuroscience Indiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA department of Neuroscience University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA

Peripheral nerve injuries result in the rapid degeneration of distal nerve segments and immediate loss of motor and sensory functions;behavioral recovery is typically *** used a plasmalemmal fusogen,polyethylene glycol(PEG),to immediately fuse closely apposed open ends of severed proximal and distal axons in rat sciatic *** have previously reported that sciatic nerve axons repaired by PEG-fusion do not undergo Wallerian degeneration,and PEG-fused animals exhibit rapid(within 2–6 weeks)and extensive locomotor ***,our previous report showed that PEG-fusion of severed sciatic motor axons was non-specific,i.e.,spinal motoneurons in PEG-fused animals were found to project to appropriate as well as inappropriate target *** this study,we examined the consequences of PEG-fusion for sensory axons of the sciatic *** adult male and female rats(Sprague–dawley)received either a unilateral single cut or ablation injury to the sciatic nerve and subsequent repair with or without(Negative Control)the application of *** action potentials recorded immediately after PEG-fusion repair confirmed conduction across the injury *** success of PEG-fusion was confirmed through Sciatic Functional Index testing with PEG-fused animals showing improvement in locomotor function beginning at 35 days *** 2–42 days postoperatively,we anterogradely labeled sensory afferents from the dorsal aspect of the hindpaw following bilateral intradermal injection of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated horseradish ***-fusion repair reestablished axonal *** to unoperated animals,labeled sensory afferents ipsilateral to the injury in PEG-fused animals were found in the appropriate area of the dorsal horn,as well as inappropriate mediolateral and rostrocaudal ***,despite having intact peripheral nerves,similar reorganizations of labeled sensory afferents were also observed contralateral to the injury and repa

关键词： axotomy dorsal horn peripheral nerve injury plasticity polyethylene glycol(PEG) sciatic nerve sensory terminals wheat germ agglutinin horseradish peroxidase

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distribution pattern and niche overlap of sympatric breeding birds alonghuman-modified habitat gradients in Inner Mongolia, China

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Avian Research 2025年第01期 11-20页

作者： Xi Yang Lishi Zhang Piotr Tryjanowski Frédéric Jiguet Zheng Han Haitao Wang School of Life Sciences Northeast Normal University College of Agricultural Hulunbuir University Animal's Scientific and Technological Institute Agricultural University of Jilin department of Zoology Poznan University of Life Sciences CESCO UMR7204 MNHN-CNRS-Sorbonne Université Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization Northeast Normal University Jilin Engineering Laboratory for Avian Ecology and Conservation Genetics Northeast Normal University

The transformation of natural habitats into human-modified landscapes has far-reaching consequences for species distribution and abundance. As species adapt to these changing environments, shifts in distribution patterns,niche dynamics, and interspecies interactions may occur, impacting biodiversity at multiple levels and potentially leading to ecosystem imbalances. This study aims to assess the impact of variations in vegetation composition and human disturbance on the distribution of sympatric breeding birds and to determine the extent of niche overlap or differentiation among these species. We conducted field surveys and collected data on bird distribution, vegetation composition, and level of human disturbance in eastern Inner Mongolian grasslands. We focused on the six most frequently co-occurring breeding birds, representing a mix of sparrows, larks, and corvids. Generalized Additive Models revealed varying responses of species occurrence along habitat *** like the Eurasian Skylark(Alauda arvensis), Mongolian Lark(Melanocorypha mongolica), and Asian Shorttoed Lark(Calandrella cheleensis), increased in larger and more connected habitats, while others, like the Tree Sparrow(Passer montanus), Eurasian Magpie(Pica pica), and Barn Swallow(Hirundo rustica), adapted to more fragmented habitats. Niche analysis indicated habitat generalists tended to occupy larger niches than grassland specialists. Substantial niche overlap was also found among the six co-occurring bird species. Conservation efforts should consider the specific needs of specialist species and strive to maintain or restore critical grassland habitats. Additionally, promoting sustainable agricultural practices that balance the needs of birds and human activities can contribute to the coexistence of generalist and specialist bird species in modified landscapes.

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Performance of Artificial Intelligence Chatbots on Standardized Medical Examination Questions in Obstetrics & Gynecology

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2025年第1期15卷 1-9页

作者： Angelo Cadiente Natalia daFonte Jonathan d. Baum Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine Nutley NJ USA department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Jersey Shore University Medical Center Neptune NJ USA

Objective: This study assesses the quality of artificial intelligence chatbots in responding to standardized obstetrics and gynecology questions. Methods: Using ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4.0, Bard, and Claude to respond to 20 standardized multiple choice questions on October 7, 2023, responses and correctness were recorded. A logistic regression model assessed the relationship between question character count and accuracy. For each incorrect question, an independent error analysis was undertaken. Results: ChatGPT-4.0 scored a 100% across both obstetrics and gynecology questions. ChatGPT-3.5 scored a 95% overall, earning an 85.7% in obstetrics and a 100% in gynecology. Claude scored a 90% overall, earning a 100% in obstetrics and an 84.6% in gynecology. Bard scored a 77.8% overall, earning an 83.3% in obstetrics and a 75% in gynecology and would not respond to two questions. There was no statistical significance between character count and accuracy. Conclusions: ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4.0 excelled in both obstetrics and gynecology while Claude performed well in obstetrics but possessed minor weaknesses in gynecology. Bard comparatively performed the worst and had the most limitations, leading to our support of the other artificial intelligence chatbots as preferred study tools. Our findings support the use of chatbots as a supplement, not a substitute for clinician-based learning or historically successful educational tools.

关键词： Large Language Models ChatGPT Bard Claude Medical Education

Medium Access Control QoS Analysis in VANET, FANET Software defined Radio Platform

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Engineering(科研) 2025年第1期17卷 91-106页

作者： Pegdwindé Justin Kouraogo Hamidou Harouna Omar désiré Guel department of Computer Science Joseph Ki-Zerbo University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso doctoral School of Science and Technology Aube Nouvelle University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are critical for the advancement of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), enabling real-time vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications. However, ensuring Quality of Service (QoS) in VANETs is challenging due to high mobility, dynamic topologies, and interference. This study evaluates the performance of Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols implemented on a Software-defined Radio (SdR) platform to address these challenges. The research highlights the use of QoS-prescribed scheduling algorithms and multi-user detection techniques to optimize key performance metrics such as packet delivery ratio (PdR), throughput, and scalability. Simulation results demonstrate significant improvements under varying mobility and channel conditions, achieving stable communication and high user capacity in both fixed and high-mobility scenarios. The findings underscore the potential of SdR-based VANET solutions for enhancing reliability, scalability, and efficiency in dynamic vehicular environments. Future directions include incorporating iterative methods and real-world testing to further refine QoS delivery in VANETs.

关键词： VANET Medium Access Control (MAC) Quality of Service (QoS) Software-defined Radio (SdR) Mobility Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)

Medium Access Control Rate Optimization in VANET, FANET Software defined Radio Platform

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Engineering(科研) 2025年第1期17卷 107-123页

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) play a pivotal role in the advancement of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), facilitating real-time communication among vehicles (V2V) and between vehicles and infrastructure (V2I). However, maintaining reliable Quality of Service (QoS) in these dynamic environments remains challenging due to high mobility, frequent topology changes and interference. This paper proposes a robust cross-layer framework that integrates channel prediction and dynamic rate adaptation to address these challenges. The framework employs advanced multi-user detection techniques, including matched filters, successive interference cancellation (SIC), decorrelators and MMSE receivers, combined with adaptive multi-factor spreading, multi-code and multi-modulation transmission strategies. The study evaluates the framework’s performance through extensive simulations using a Software-defined Radio (SdR) platform. Key findings demonstrate significant improvements in packet reception rate, throughput and spectral efficiency under various mobility and channel conditions. The proposed approach effectively mitigates interference and adapts to dynamic network environments, showcasing its potential to enhance reliability, scalability and efficiency in VANETs. Future work will explore real-world implementation and iterative algorithmic enhancements to further optimize QoS delivery in highly variable vehicular communication scenarios.

关键词： VANET Medium Access Control (MAC) Cross-Layer design Quality of Service (QoS) Software-defined Radio (SdR) Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)

Channel Prediction for MAC Optimization in VANET, FANET Software defined Radio Platform

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Engineering(科研) 2025年第1期17卷 124-135页

This work addresses the critical challenge of ensuring reliable communication in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) and drone networks (FANETs) under dynamic and high-mobility conditions. Current methods often fail to adequately predict rapid channel variations, leading to increased packet loss and degraded Quality of Service (QoS). To bridge this gap, we propose a novel cross-layer framework that integrates physical channel prediction into the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer to optimize network performance. Our framework employs an ARIMA (1, 0, 1) model for real-time channel prediction and dynamically adjusts MAC layer parameters to enhance throughput and reliability. Simulations demonstrate a 25% improvement in useful throughput and a 30% reduction in packet loss rates compared to baseline methods. These improvements enable practical applications in intelligent transportation systems and the efficient management of autonomous drones. Key contributions include: 1) development of a cross-layer framework that integrates channel prediction and MAC optimization. 2) demonstration of the framework’s effectiveness through Monte Carlo simulations in high-mobility scenarios. 3) Quantitative validation of enhanced throughput and reliability, highlighting the system’s potential for real-world deployment.

关键词： Prediction Cross-Layer Multiuser detection Packet Error Rate Goodput