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Water vapor δd dynamics over China derived from SCIAMACHY satellite measurements

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Science China Earth Sciences 2014年第4期57卷 813-823页

作者： LIU ZhongFang Kei YOSHIMURA Casey d.KENNEdY WANG XinHui PANG ShuoGuang Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resource and Environment Tianjin Normal University Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute University of Tokyo United States department of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServicePasture Systems and Watershed Management Research UnitEast WarehamMA 02538USA

This study investigates water vapor isotopic patterns and controls over China using high-quality water vapor δd data retrieved from the Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography （SCIAMACHY） observations. The results show that water vapor δd values on both annual and seasonal time-scales broadly exhibit a continental effect, with values largely decreasing northwestward from coastal lowlands to high-elevation mountainous regions. However, region-specific analysis reveals spatially distinct patterns of water vapor dd between seasons. In the monsoon domain （e.g., China south of 35~N）, depletion in d in the summer and fall seasons is closely tied to monsoon moisture sources （the Indian and Pacific oceans） and subsequent amount effect, but higher 8d values in winter and spring are a result of isotopically-enriched conti- nental-sourced moisture proceeded by less rainout. In contrast, farther inland in China （non-monsoon domain）, moisture is de- rived overwhelmingly from the dry continental air masses and local evaporation, and 8d values are largely controlled by the temperature effect, exhibiting a seasonality with isotopically enriched summer and depleted winter/spring. The observation that the spatial pattern of water vapor δd is the opposite to that of precipitation δd in the summer season also suggests that partial evaporation of falling raindrops is a key driver of water vapor isotope in the non-monsoon domain. This study highlights the importance of non-Rayleigh factors in governing water vapor isotope, and provides constraints on precipitation isotope inter- pretation and modern isotope hydrological processes over China.

关键词： water vapor δd moisture sources evapotranspiration droplet evaporation China

design and development of a web-based 3d cadastral visualisation prototype

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International Journal of digital Earth 2015年第7期8卷 538-557页

作者： davood Shojaei Abbas Rajabifard Mohsen Kalantari Ian d.Bishop Ali Aien department of Infrastructure Engineering Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land AdministrationThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia

Three-dimensional(3d)developments of land,such as complex high-rises,put enormous pressure on current land administration systems that have ad hoc approaches to 3d property *** approaches are unable to support effective 3d storage,analysis and visualisation of property *** visualisation is one of the essential components in realisation of a truly 3d ***,several 3d visualisation applications and cadastral prototypes have been developed around the ***,they do not effectively represent ownership information in 3d because they have not been developed based on 3d cadastral visualisation *** candidate 3d visualisation solutions were compared with user-derived visualisation criteria,a web-based 3d visualisation prototype was designed and *** functionality,usability and efficiency of the prototype were evaluated by potential users involved in the registration and management of *** there was a high level of enthusiasm for the features of the prototype,the results also suggest further directions for development of 3d cadastral visualisation.

关键词： 3d visualisation 3d cadastre WebGL legal objects physical objects 3d cadastral visualisation

3d biofabrication of vascular networks for tissue regeneration:A report on recent advances

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2018年第5期8卷 277-296页

作者： M.d.Sarker Saman Naghieh N.K.Sharma Xiongbiao Chen division of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering University of Saskatchewan department of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering University of Saskatchewan

Rapid progress in tissue engineering research in past decades has opened up vast possibilities to tackle the challenges of generating tissues or organs that mimic native structures. The success of tissue engineered constructs largely depends on the incorporation of a stable vascular network that eventually anastomoses with the host vasculature to support the various biological functions of embedded cells. In recent years, significant progress has been achieved with respect to extrusion, laser, micro-molding, and electrospinning-based techniques that allow the fabrication of any geometry in a layer-by-layer fashion. Moreover, decellularized matrix, self-assembled structures, and cell sheets have been explored to replace the biopolymers needed for scaffold fabrication. While the techniques have evolved to create specific tissues or organs with outstanding geometric precision, formation of interconnected, functional, and perfused vascular networks remains a challenge. This article briefly reviews recent progress in 3d fabrication approaches used to fabricate vascular networks with incorporated cells, angiogenic factors, proteins, and/or peptides. The influence of the fabricated network on blood vessel formation, and the various features, merits, and shortcomings of the various fabrication techniques are discussed and summarized.

关键词： 3d bioprinting Tissue engineering Vascularization Extrusion Laser-based printing Co-axial printing

d_(s_1)(2536)^+ decays and the structure of P-wave charmed strange mesons

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Chinese Physics C 2010年第9期34卷 1408-1410页

作者： J.Segovia d.R.Entem F.Fernández Nuclear Physics Group University of Salamanca IUFFyM University of Salamanca

We calculate the d s 1 （2536） ^＋ decays into d＊K channels,including the decay d s 1 （2536）＋ → d ＋ π-K ＋ through a virtual d＊0 in a constituent quark *** and S/d amplitudes ratio are in agreement with the ... 详细信息

关键词： meson spectra meson decays non relativistic quark models multiquarks

Aquatic community structure and stream habitat in a karst agricultural landscape

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 155-170页

作者： Neal d.Mundahl Erik d.Mundahl department of Biology and Southeastern Minnesota Water Resources Center Winona State UniversityWinonaMN 55987USA Mundahl Nordic Services Glennallen/McCarthyP.O.Box MXYAlaska 99588USA

Background:Watersheds dominated by agriculture often have significant,negative impacts on local stream habitats and *** study examined stream biota and habitats within an entire stream in a karst agricultural landscape to determine if several decades of watershed conservation and management had reversed the severe degradation caused by poor land use and catastrophic soil erosion during the 1920s and ***:Fish communities and stream habitats were degraded at over half of the 22 stream sites examined,and benthic macroinvertebrate communities were mostly poor throughout the entire *** fish communities were associated with missing or narrow riparian buffers,high percent fine sediments,high embeddedness of coarse sub-strates,and homogeneous run *** communities were dominated by filter-feeding taxa and those adapted to life on or within fine *** sites with wide buffers and influenced by groundwater springs had higher fish community integrity and good to excellent instream ***:Our results suggest that wide riparian buffers and karstic springs may have allowed recovery of some stream reaches,but more extensive buffers and additional soil conservation practices in upland areas likely are necessary to protect most stream segments and their biota from on-going agricultural *** state stream buffer laws instituted after this study resulted in establishment of vegetated buffers at all study sites,which may lead to improved stream habitat and biotic communities in future *** invertebrate community improvement also may require translocation of sensitive taxa from nearby watersheds due to limited dispersal abilities of many species currently absent from the study *** frequency and intensity of storm events and flooding may hinder future recovery of stream habitats and biota.

关键词： Agricultural stream Fish Macroinvertebrates Stream habitats Karst

Tectonic evolution of the Karakoram metamorphic complex(NW Himalayas)reflected in the 3d structures of spiral garnets:Insights from X-ray computed micro-tomography

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第3期12卷 528-540页

作者： M.Sayab d.Aerden J.Kuva W.U.Hassan Geological Survey of Finland P.O.Box 96FI-02151 EspooFinland departamento de Geodinámica and IACT-CSIC Universidad de GranadaGranada 18002Spain National Centre of Excellence in Geology University of PeshawarPeshawar 25130Pakistan

Spiral garnet porphyroblasts are known to record lengthy periods of deformation and metamorphism by preserving single or multiple FIAs(Foliation Intersection Axis)formed normal to tectonic shortening *** to technological advances in X-ray computed micro-tomography(XCMT),FIAs can now be readily determined in relatively large samples in contrast to previous methods that require the preparation of a set of radial vertical and horizontal thin sections of *** scanning not only alleviates tedious thin section based procedures but also illuminates the complete internal architecture of a rock sample allowing three-dimensional(3d)quantitative shape analysis of an individual porphyroblast as well as precise measurement of *** applied the technique to a sample from the Hunza Valley in the Karakoram metamorphic complex(KMC),NW Himalayas,containing numerous garnet porphyroblasts with spiral-shaped inclusion *** XCMT imaging reveals an E-W trending FIA within the sample,which is consistent with orthogonal N-S collision of the India-Kohistan Island Arc with *** long axes(X_(GT))have variable plunges that define a broad sub-vertical maximum and a small sub-horizontal *** X_(GT) principle maxima lie at N-090 and *** maxima lie at N-020 and *** relationships between X_(GT) axes and FIA orientation in the sample suggest that porphyroblast shapes are controlled by the geometry of the lens-shaped microlithons in which they tend to nucleate and *** orientation of inclusion trails and matrix foliations in the sample are correlated with three discrete tectono-metamorphic events that respectively produced andalusite,sillimanite and kyanite in the *** staurolite growth in the sample reveals how the rocks extruded to the surface via a significant role of roll-on tectonics,which can be correlated with the Central Himalayas.

关键词： Porphyroblast Garnet FIA X-ray tomography Karakoram Himalayas

Sustainable oil-in-water analysis using a supercritical fluid carbon dioxide extraction system directly interfaced with infrared spectroscopy

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第9期22卷 1462-1468页

作者： Edward d.Ramsey School of Chemical Engineering University of Science and Technology Liaoning

A direct aqueous supercritical fluid extraction （SFE） system using carbon dioxide provides a sustainable means by which a vast range of industries may continue to depend on well established infrared （IR） techniques to determine oil-in-water. The SFE-IR method provides an environmentally friendly substitute for current national standard IR reference methods for measuring oil-in-water that rely on using increasingly restricted ozone depleting solvents whose manufacture is being phased out in accordance with international law. The SFE-IR analysis of a 500 mL water sample can be accomplished in 15 min. A rapid on-line SFE-IR calibration method has been implemented. With this calibration method, SFE-IR accuracy for determining diesel oil in 500 mL spiked water samples using single wave number measurement was 86.0%-98.8% with precision （RSd） ranging from 2.5%-7.0%. Using a general purpose calculation which involves measuring infrared absorbance values at three different wave numbers, SFE-IR method accuracy for determining diesel oil in 500 mL spiked water samples was 83.7%-92.2% with RSd 1.0%-9.3%. data is presented that indicates current long established national standard IR reference methods involving three wave number calculations should be reviewed since, without careful consideration, the inclusion of calculated aromatic hydrocarbon species contributions to final oil-in-water concentration values may provide less accurate results.

关键词： oil-in-water supercritical fluid extraction infrared spectroscopy sustainable green technology

New insight into the phylogenetic and biogeographic history of genus Ficus:Vicariance played a relatively minor role compared with ecological opportunity and dispersal

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第6期49卷 546-557页

作者： Rhett d.HARRISON Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences

Studies on the evolution of tropical taxa emphasize the role of vicariance and the break-up of Gondwana in explaining modern *** studies on figs(Ficus spp.)support this *** the current study,we used an expanded sample(208 spp.)and improved molecular dating techniques to reconstruct the phylogenetic and biogeographic history of *** with previous studies,our biogeographic analysis indicated that the ancestor of Ficus was present in ***,a relaxed clock analysis relying on uncorrelated rates in BEAST suggested that the Neotropical section Pharmacosycea split-off in South America 86.67 Mya,and that other Ficus lineage ancestors originated in *** of the basal lineages appeared to have diverged following KT extinction,then rapidly diversified after India collided with continental *** Afrotropical species most likely evolved initially in the Indian subcontinent then dispersed to Africa,either in the late Cretaceous of Madagascar or even later,following the Eocene collision of India with *** Neotropical section Americana,either islandhopped to South America or took a northern route to the Americas through Europe prior to the terminal Eocene global cooling *** may have arrived in eastern Malesia following the collision of India with Asia,then widely dispersed *** the wide ranges in our date estimates,several other scenarios are ***,contrary to earlier reports,our analyses suggest that vicariance played a relatively minor role compared with ecological opportunity and dispersal in the diversification of genus Ficus.

关键词： biogeographic history evolution Ficus molecular phylogeny vicariance.

High level arsenic resistance in bacteria present in biooxidation tanks used to treat gold-bearing arsenopyrite concentrates:A review

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2008年第6期18卷 1311-1318页

作者： d.E.RAWLINGS department of Microbiology University of StellenboschPrivate Bag X1

在连续流动的、搅动的坦克过程使用到金忍受的毒砂集中的对待的微生物引起的协会变得在很多年适应了砷的高集中。主导的微生物， Acidithiobacillus caldus 和 Leptospirillum ferriphilum，被发现包含砷抵抗基因的二个集合。艺术基因... 详细信息

在连续流动的、搅动的坦克过程使用到金忍受的毒砂集中的对待的微生物引起的协会变得在很多年适应了砷的高集中。主导的微生物， Acidithiobacillus caldus 和 Leptospirillum ferriphilum，被发现包含砷抵抗基因的二个集合。艺术基因的一个集合在所有是在场的不管他们是否是，种孤立高度砷抵抗。艺术基因的第二个集合在象 Tn21 一样 transposons 上是在场的并且在测试的所有紧张被发现那被使适应了砷的高集中。在在场的砷抵抗 transposons 在。caldus 和 L。ferriphilum 为他们密切相关，却足够地不同独立地被获得了而非从一个细菌被传递了给其它。transposons 在 Escherchia coli 是置换地活跃的并且被显示比测试这是可能的定位 chromosomally 的艺术基因授与砷抵抗的高水平。相同的 Transposons 包含砷抵抗基因或仔细与从 L 的 transposon 有关。ferriphilum，原来在南非发现，也在两 L 被发现。ferrooxidans 和 L。ferriphilum 从南美洲和欧洲孤立。一个 arsB 基因大美人在。caldus 被两个都表明了 chromosomal 艺术基因的能力授与砷抵抗的底层在的相应再结合生产在。caldus 和为猛烈异种的创造的一个基因系统的发展。

关键词：砷电阻因子转座子微生物毒砂