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developing one-dimensional implosions for inertial confinement fusion science

High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2016年第4期4卷 1-7页

作者： J.L.Kline S.A.Yi A.N.Simakov R.E.Olson d.C.Wilson G.A.Kyrala T.S.Perry S.H.Batha E.L.dewald J.E.Ralph d.J.Strozzi A.G.MacPhee d.A.Callahan d.hinkel O.A.Hurricane R.J.Leeper A.B.Zylstra R.R.Peterson B.M.Haines L.Yin P.A.Bradley R.C.Shah T.Braun J.Biener B.J.Kozioziemski J.d.Sater M.M.Biener A.V.Hamza A.Nikroo L.F.Berzak Hopkins d.Ho S.LePape N.B.Meezan d.S.Montgomery W.S.daughton E.C.Merritt T.Cardenas E.S.dodd Los Alamos National Laboratory Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Experiments on the National Ignition Facility show that multi-dimensional effects currently dominate the implosion performance. Low mode implosion symmetry and hydrodynamic instabilities seeded by capsule mounting features appear to be two key limiting factors for implosion performance. One reason these factors have a large impact on the performance of inertial confinement fusion implosions is the high convergence required to achieve high fusion *** tackle these problems, a predictable implosion platform is needed meaning experiments must trade-off high gain for performance. LANL has adopted three main approaches to develop a one-dimensional(1d) implosion platform where 1d means measured yield over the 1d clean calculation. A high adiabat, low convergence platform is being developed using beryllium capsules enabling larger case-to-capsule ratios to improve symmetry. The second approach is liquid fuel layers using wetted foam targets. With liquid fuel layers, the implosion convergence can be controlled via the initial vapor pressure set by the target fielding temperature. The last method is double shell targets. For double shells, the smaller inner shell houses the dT fuel and the convergence of this cavity is relatively small compared to hot spot ignition. However,double shell targets have a different set of trade-off versus advantages. details for each of these approaches are described.

关键词： beryllium capsules double shells inertial confinement fusion liquid layers

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Avoiding the Avoidable:Towards a European Heat Waves Risk Governance

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International Journal of disaster Risk Science 2011年第1期2卷 1-14页

作者： Wiebke Lass Armin Haas Jochen hinkel Carlo Jaeger Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research(PIK) D-14412 PotsdamGermany

The death toll of recent heat waves in developed countries has been remarkably high, contradicting the common assumption that high levels of economic and technological development automatically lead to lower vulnerability to weather extremes. Future climate change may further increase this vulnerability. In this article we examine some recent evidence of heat wave-related mortality and we conclude that while economic wealth and technological capacity might be a necessary condition for adequately coping with adverse climate change effects, they are not sufficient. Questions of awareness, preparedness, organizational issues, and actor networks have to be addressed in a proactive and focused manner in order to avoid future heat wave damages. We propose some practical consequences for heat wave adaptation measures by adopting a risk governance framework that can be universally applied, as it is sufficiently flexible to deal with the multi-level and often fragmented reality of existing coping measures.

关键词： weather wave consequences

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Contrasting Historical and Recent Breakup Styles on the Meade River of Arctic Alaska in the Context of a Warming Climate

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American Journal of Climate Change 2013年第2期2卷 165-172页

作者： Richard A. Beck Kenneth M. hinkel Wendy R. Eisner douglas Whiteman Christopher d. Arp Richard Machida Chris Cuomo Hongxing Liu Changjoo Kim Andrew J. Rettig Chantal Ivenso Bo Yang Qiusheng Wu Haibin Su Shujie Wang Karen Frey John d. Lenters Brittany L. Potter Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Atqasuk USA department of Geography Clark University Worcester USA department of Geography University of Cincinnati Cincinnati USA department of GeogSchool of Natural Resources University of Nebraska at Lincoln Lincoln USA raphy Clark University Worcester USA department of Philosophy University of Georgia Athens USA department of Physics and Geosciences Texas A&M University-Kingsville Kingsville USA Information Technology University of Alaska at Fairbanks Fairbanks USA School of Natural Resources University of Nebraska at Lincoln Lincoln USA Water and Environmental Research Center University of Alaska Fairbanks USA

Although data for temporal spring river ice breakup are available for a number of Arctic rivers, there is a paucity of information related to the type of breakup. The Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA) of 2005 predicted a transition from mechanical to thermal spring breakup of ice cover on arctic rivers, with this shift being greatest in exclusively Arctic watersheds where observed warming is most pronounced. We describe a rare instance of an entirely Arctic river with limited but well documented historical and recent data regarding the type of breakup. Time-series ground imagery of spring breakup from 1966, 1975, 1978, 2009, 2010 and 2012, incombination with interviews of local inhabitants, documents a shift from predominantly mechanical to predominantly thermal breakup after spring 1978 and by spring 2009 within the context of a locally and regionally warming Arctic. The resultant shift from predominantly mechanical to predominantly thermal breakup is predicted to result in significant changes to water, sediment, nutrient and organic carbon fluxes, as well as riparian ecology and human activities.

关键词： Arctic Alaska Climate Change Meade River Thermal Breakup Mechanical Breakup Ice Snow

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泌尿外科肿瘤病人的症状和自觉状况:早期和晚期的结果

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德国医学 1995年第1期12卷 26-27页

作者： C.W.Biermann d.Herberhold J.Pannek W.Finke B.Mosebach A.hinkel H.Schulze Th.Senge W.de Riese T.Küchler 杨为民 Urologische Klinik der Ruhr-Universitat Bochum Klinikum Marienhospital Herne Fakultatr für Gesundheitswissenschaften Universitat BielefeldGenmany Anasthesiologische Klinik der Ruhr-Universitat Bochum Abteilung für Allgemein-und Thoraxchirurgie Universitat Kiel 同济医科大学附属同济医院

近20年来,在诊断、分期、手术指征选择以及术中和保守治疗(如睾丸恶性肿瘤的化疗效果)已取得重大改进。泌尿外科肿瘤疾病的手术技巧和预后总体来讲也有改善,然而目前尚无一个可靠的标准对肿瘤病人在治疗和随访中的个体生活质量进行评价... 详细信息

近20年来,在诊断、分期、手术指征选择以及术中和保守治疗(如睾丸恶性肿瘤的化疗效果)已取得重大改进。泌尿外科肿瘤疾病的手术技巧和预后总体来讲也有改善,然而目前尚无一个可靠的标准对肿瘤病人在治疗和随访中的个体生活质量进行评价。在肿瘤外科手术结果总的评价时,也不可忽视病人通过手术保留或赢得的生活质量。

关键词：泌尿科肿瘤诊断手术后

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