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断层性能、地面地质和三维速度模式之间的关系

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地震地质译丛 1993年第6期15卷 42-46页

作者： A.J.Michael d.e.phillips 张嘉延

对围绕着加利福尼亚的五个大地震地区的三维 P 波速度模式的研究,导致了对断层性能与在易震深度处断层的岩石的介质特性之间关系的认识,高力矩释放地区显示出与高地震速度相关,而破裂的初始或破裂的终止可能与低地震速度相联系。这种关... 详细信息

对围绕着加利福尼亚的五个大地震地区的三维 P 波速度模式的研究,导致了对断层性能与在易震深度处断层的岩石的介质特性之间关系的认识,高力矩释放地区显示出与高地震速度相关,而破裂的初始或破裂的终止可能与低地震速度相联系。这种关系可以理解为什么断层可以被分割为各自独立破坏的段,并表明我们能够增进对预测地震以及强地面运动的能力的认识。断层显示的特性从无震蠕动到大地震引起的脆性破裂。由于沿着某个断层长度的这些变化,可以把断层分割为各自独立破坏的段落。为了研究支配着这些变化的机制,对围绕着加利福尼亚5个中强地震的区划,我们确定了该地区的三维(3d)P 波速度(V_P)模式。

关键词：地震断层性能地面地质速度模式

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土壤对全球增温的作用

世界科学 1991年第7期 27-28页

作者： d.e.phillips A.Wilel dR.d.S Jenkinson 蓝艳

土壤是二氧化碳（CO2）、甲烷（CH4）和一氧化二氮（N2O）三种温室气体的来源地之一.尽管土壤在人类出现以前就释放出这些气体,但自工业革命以来人类的活动,如森林的砍伐和垦殖加速了这些气体的释放速度.如果我们要了解温室效应并搞清... 详细信息

土壤是二氧化碳（CO2）、甲烷（CH4）和一氧化二氮（N2O）三种温室气体的来源地之一.尽管土壤在人类出现以前就释放出这些气体,但自工业革命以来人类的活动,如森林的砍伐和垦殖加速了这些气体的释放速度.如果我们要了解温室效应并搞清对于温室效应该做些什么,我们就得知道更多关于人类活动对土壤与大气间这些气体的影响情况.

关键词：温室气体 CO 腐殖质全球增温

加利福尼亚州Geysers地热区的诱发地震活动

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地球物理学进展 1986年第2期 54-74页

作者： d.e.phillips d.H.Oppenheimer 林邦佐姚振兴

根据55个微震和4次爆炸的P波到时对震中、速度和台站延迟进行联合反演,这些事件分布在加利福尼亚北方以Geysers地热区为中心的一个90×100km2的范围内。得到的一维层状模型表明,速度随深度增加:从地表的4.4km/s增加到深8km及其以下的5.9... 详细信息

根据55个微震和4次爆炸的P波到时对震中、速度和台站延迟进行联合反演,这些事件分布在加利福尼亚北方以Geysers地热区为中心的一个90×100km2的范围内。得到的一维层状模型表明,速度随深度增加:从地表的4.4km/s增加到深8km及其以下的5.9km/s。用这个新的速度模型我们重新定位了在1975年5月和1982年2月之间发生的7215个地震。重新定位表明,靠近蒸汽田开采井有一清晰的空间震群,这在较早的研究中是不明显的。我们根据地震活动的时空图象推测,Geysers的地震活动性是由地热开采活动诱发的。由于1979年到1980年电力开采增加近70％,靠近新开采区地震活动已经有所增加。地震活动也向现开采区的西北延伸,虽然这个区域没有现役的蒸汽井。对月地震数、月蒸汽开采量以及月注入量之间的统计互相关进行了计算。就这些井的研究,我们没有发现注入和地震活动性之间一致的相关图象。同样,我们几乎没有发现蒸汽开采量和地震活动性之间的相关性,而这些蒸汽井已开采了七年多,两个机制对于Geysers的诱发地震活动仍然是似是而非的。大量的蒸汽开采引起的体积收缩可能破坏应力场并可能导致因区域应力场已接近破裂的储集岩的断裂。另一方面,区域构造应力导致的无震形变可能因断层面摩擦系数的增加（如溶解硅的出溶进入断层面沉淀下来）,转变为粘滑（有震）形变。没有一个机制能够说明开采和地震活动速率之间存在着很强的关系,尽管如此,我们预计Geysers的地震活动将持续下去并会出现在新的开采区。

关键词：地震活动性地热开采量图象热源 Geysers 地震活动震群地震地热区

Kinetics of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid sorption onto montmorillonite clays in soil and their translocation to genetically modified corn

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 669-680页

作者： Meichen Wang Kelly J Rivenbark Timothy d phillips Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityTX 77845USA

The co-occurrence of glyphosate(GLP)and aminomethylphosphonic acid(AMPA)in contaminated water,soil,sediment and plants is a cause for concern due to potential threats to the ecosystem and human health.A major route of exposure is through contact with contaminated soil and consumption of crops containing GLP and AMPA ***,clay-based sorption strategies for mixtures of GLP and AMPA in soil,plants and garden produce have been very *** this study,in vitro soil and in vivo genetically modified corn models were used to establish the proof of concept that the inclusion of clay sorbents in contaminated soils will reduce the bioavailability of GLP and AMPA in soils and their adverse effects on plant *** of chemical concentration(1–10 mg/kg),sorbent dose(0.5%-3%in soil and 0.5%-1%in plants)and duration(up to 28 days)on sorption kinetics were *** time course results showed a continuous GLP degradation to *** inclusion of calcium montmorillonite(CM)and acid processed montmorillonite(APM)clays at all doses significantly and consistently reduced the bioavailability of both chemicals from soils to plant roots and leaves in a dose-and time-dependent manner without detectable *** treated with 0.5%and 1%APM inclusion showed the highest growth rate(p≤0.05)and lowest chemical bioavailability with up to 76%reduction in roots and57%reduction in *** indicated that montmorillonite clays could be added as soil supplements to reduce hazardous mixtures of GLP and AMPA in soils and plants.

关键词： Glyphosate AMPA Adsorption Soil remediation Plant Hydroponic system

Nanofabricated high turn-density spiral coils for on-chip electromagneto-optical conversion

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第2期10卷 181-192页

作者： Ilhan Bok Alireza Ashtiani Yash Gokhale Jack phillips Tianxiang Zhu Aviad Hai department of Biomedical engineering University of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWIUSA department of electrical and Computer engineering University of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWIUSA Wisconsin Institute for Translational Neuroengineering(WITNe) University of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWIUSA

Circuit-integrated electromagnets are fundamental building blocks for on-chip signal transduction,modulation,and tunability,with specific applications in environmental and biomedical micromagnetometry.A primary challenge for improving performance is pushing quality limitations while minimizing size and fabrication complexity and retaining spatial *** efforts have exploited highly involved three-dimensional synthesis,advanced insulation,and exotic material ***,we present a rapid nanofabrication process that employs electron beam dose control for high-turn-density diamond-embedded flat spiral coils;these coils achieve efficient on-chip electromagnetic-to-optical signal *** fabrication process relies on fast 12.3 s direct writing on standard poly(methyl methacrylate)as a basis for the metal lift-off *** with 70 micrometer overall diameters and 49–470 nm interturn spacings with corresponding inductances of 12.3–12.8 nH are *** utilize optical micromagnetometry to demonstrate that magnetic field generation at the center of the structure effectively correlates with finite element modeling *** designs based on our process can be integrated with photolithography to broadly enable optical magnetic sensing and spin-based computation.

关键词： utilize retaining high

Converting TRex-RGB green-channel data to 557.7 nm auroral intensity:Methodology and initial results

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earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 258-274页

作者： Jun Liang d.M.Gillies e.Spanswick e.F.donovan University of Calgary CalgaryT2N 1N4Canada

The recently deployed Transition Region explorer(TRex)-RGB(red-green-blue)all-sky imager(ASI)is designed to capture“true color”images of the aurora and *** the 557.7 nm green line is usually the brightest emission line in visible auroras,the green channel of a TRex-RGB camera is usually dominated by the 557.7 nm *** this rationale,the TRex mission does not include a specific 557.7 nm imager and is designed to use the RGB green-channel data as a proxy for the 557.7 nm *** this study,we present an initial effort to establish the conversion ratio or formula linking the RGB green-channel data to the absolute intensity of 557.7 nm auroras,which is crucial for quantitative uses of the RGB *** illustrate two approaches:(1)through a comparison with the collocated measurement of green-line auroras from the TRex spectrograph,and(2)through a comparison with the modeled green-line intensity according to realistic electron precipitation flux measurements from low-earth-orbit satellites,with the aid of an auroral transport *** demonstrate the procedures and provide initial results for the TRex-RGB ASIs at the Rabbit Lake and Lucky Lake *** RGB response is found to be *** conversion ratios or formulas between RGB green-channel data and the green-line auroral intensity are given and can be applied immediately by TRex-RGB data *** methodology established in this study will also be applicable to the upcoming SMILe ASI mission,which will adopt a similar RGB camera system in its deployment.

关键词： TRex RGB green-line aurora auroral transport model

The multi-impurity system in CdSe nanoplatelets:electronic structure and thermodynamic properties

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第3期76卷 165-173页

作者： d A Baghdasaryan V A Harutynyan e M Kazaryan H A Sarkisyan Russian-Armenian University H Emin 1230051YerevanArmenia Institute of Applied Problems of Physics 25 Nersisyan St0014YerevanArmenia

This paper theoretically studies the impurity states and the effects of impurity concentration and configuration on the optical,electrical,and statistical properties of CdSe nanoplatelets(NPLs).An image charge-based model of electron-impurity interaction is *** charge-carrier energy spectra and corresponding wave functions depending on the impurity number and configuration are *** electron binding energies are calculated for different NPL *** is shown that the image charge-based interaction potential that arises due to the dielectric constants mismatch is much stronger than the interaction potential that does not take such a mismatch into ***,it is demonstrated that the binding energies are increasing with the number of *** calculate the canonical partition function using the energy levels of the electron,which in turn is used to obtain the mean energy,heat capacity,and entropy of the non-interacting electron *** thermodynamic properties of the non-interacting electron gas that depend on the geometric parameters of the NPL,impurity number,configuration,and temperature are studied.

关键词： nanoplateletes thermodynamic properties impurity states

Shifting the paradigm:A critical review of social innovation literature

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International Journal of Innovation Studies 2024年第1期8卷 45-58页

作者： Amy phillips Rosalie Luo Joel Wendland-Liu Social Innovation Program Grand Valley State UniversityGrand Rapids49504USA Ivey School of Business Western UniversityPLondonN6A 0E1Canada Social Innovation Program Grand Valley State UniversityAllendale49401USA

In this review of ten years of social innovation research(2012e2022),we define and explore three paradigms in the field:instrumentalist,strong,and *** investigate how language usage and geography play a central role in identifying which paradigms recently published scholarship falls *** we do not insist that sharp divisions exist between each paradigm,we do find that on the“instrumentalist”side,language tends to abstract or neutralize power ***,these perspectives tend to derive from Western or eurocentric orientations or ***“strong”paradigm accepts the necessity of institutional and stakeholder engagement and seeks to engage socially excluded *** contrast,geographical diversity,attendance to historicized and systemic inequalities,and elevation of the most marginalized communities are more likely to be centered in the“democratic”*** apply this discussion to recent research in arts-related social innovation and the related field of social entrepreneurship.

关键词： Social innovation Culture Arts Social entrepreneurship ethnocentrism

Performance analysis of deep borehole heat exchangers for decarbonization of heating systems

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deep Underground Science and engineering 2024年第3期3卷 349-357页

作者： Andreas e.d.Lund department of electrical engineering and Automation Aalto UniversityEspooFinland

Meeting the climate change mitigation targets will require a substantial shift from fossil to clean fuels in the heating *** pumps with deep borehole exchangers are a promising solution to reduce *** the thermal behavior of deep borehole exchangers(dBHes)ranging from 1 to 2 km was analyzed for various heat flow profiles.A strong correlation between thermal energy extraction and power output from dBHes was found,also influenced by the heating profile *** operating time over the year typically resulted in higher energy production,while shorter one yielded higher average thermal power output,highlighting the importance of the choice of heating strategy and system design for optimal performance of *** breaks in operation for regenerating the borehole,for example,with waste heat,proved to be favorable for the performance yielding an overall heat output close to the same as with continuous extraction of *** results demonstrate the usefulness of deep boreholes for dense urban areas with less available *** the heat production from a single dBHe in Finnish conditions ranges from half up to even a few GWh a year,the technology is best suitable for larger heat loads.

关键词： clean energy deep borehole exchangers energy transition geothermal heat ground-coupled heat pump

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