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Ferroelectricity Induced by Oxygen Vacancies in rhombohedral ZrO_(2) Thin Films

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第1期7卷 229-237页

作者： Veniero Lenzi José p.B.silva Břetislav Šmíd Vladimir Matoín Cosmin M.Istrate Corneliu Ghica Judith L.MacManus-driscoll Luís Marques physics Center of Minho and porto universities(CF-UM-Up) University of MinhoCampus de Gualtar 4710-057Braga Portugal Laboratory of physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies LapMETUniversity of Minho4710-057Braga Portugal department of surface and plasma science Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsCharles UniversityV Holešovičkách 218000Prague 8 Czech Republic National Institute of Materials physics 105 bis Atomistilor 077125Magurele Romania department of Materials science and Metallurgy 27 Charles Babbage Rd.Cambridge CB3 OFSUK

rhombohedral phase Hf_(x)Zr_(1.x)O_(2)(HZO,x from 0 to 1)films are promising for achieving robust ferroelectric polarization without the need for an initial wake-up pre-cycling,as is normally the case for the more commonly studied orthorhombic ***,a large spontaneous polarization observed in rhombohedral films is not fully understood,and there are also large discrepancies between experimental and theoretical *** this work,in rhombohedral ZrO_(2)thin films,we show that oxygen vacancies are not only a key factor for stabilizing the phase,but they are also a source of ferroelectric polarization in the *** is shown experimentally through the investigation of the structural properties,chemical composition and the ferroelectric properties of the films before and after an annealing at moderate temperature(400℃)in an oxygen environment to reduce the V_(o)concentration *** experimental work is supported by density functional theory(dFT)calculations which show that the rhombohedral phase is the most stable one in highly oxygen defective ZrO_(2)*** dFT calculations also show that V_(o)contribute to the ferroelectric *** findings reveal the importance of V_(o)for stabilizing rhombohedral ZrO_(2)thin films with superior ferroelectric properties.

关键词： charged defects ferroelectric polarization rhombohedral phase stability zirconia

Ground-based and additional science support for sMILE

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Earth and planetary physics 2024年第1期8卷 275-298页

作者： J.A.Carter M.dunlop C.Forsyth K.Oksavik E.donovon A.Kavanagh s.E.Milan T.sergienko r.C.Fear d.G.sibeck M.Connors T.Yeoman X.Tan M.G.G.T.Taylor K.McWilliams J.Gjerloev r.Barnes d.d.Billet G.Chisham A.dimmock M.p.Freeman d.-s.Han M.d.Hartinger s.-Y.W.Hsieh Z.-J.Hu M.K.James L.Juusola K.Kauristie E.A.Kronberg M.Lester J.Manuel J.Matzka I.McCrea Y.Miyoshi J.rae L.ren F.sigernes E.spanswick K.sterne A.steuwer T.sun M.-T.Walach B.Walsh C.Wang J.Weygand J.Wild J.Yan J.Zhang Q.-H.Zhang planetary sciences Group School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterUniversity RoadLeicesterLE17RHUK rutherford Appleton Laboratory space Science Technology Facilities CouncilOxfordshireUK school of space and Environment Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Key Laboratory of space Environment Monitoring and Information processing Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyBeijing 100017China department of space and Climate physics UCLMullard Space Science LaboratoryHolmbury St.MaryDorkingSurreyRH56NTUK Birkeland Centre for space science Department of Physics and Technology.University of BergenBergenNorway department of physics and Astronomy University of Calgary2500 University DriveCalgaryAlbertaCanada T2N 1N4 British Antarctic survey CambridgeUK swedish Institute of space physics KirunaSweden West Highfield Campus University of SouthamptonUniversity RoadSO171BJUK Goddard space Flight Center NASAGreenbeltMarylandUSA Athabasca univers.ty AthabascaCanada EsTEC European Space AgencyNetherlands univers.ty of saskatchewan SaskatoonCanada The Johns Hopkins univers.ty Applied physics Laboratory LaurelMarylandUSA swedish Institude of space physics UppsalaSE 75121Sweden Tongji univers.ty Shanghai 200092China Center for space plasma physics Space Science Institute4765 Walnut Street Suite BBoulderColorado80301USA polar research Institute of China Shanghai 200136China Finnish Meteorological Institute(FMI) Finland department of Earth and Environmental sciences(Geophysics) Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich(LMU)MunichTheresienstr.41MunichD-80333Germany Canadian space Agency MontrealCanada GFZ German research Centre for Geosciences PotsdamGermany Nagoya univers.ty Institute for Space Earth Environment ResearchCenter for Integrated Data ScienceNagoyaAichiJP 464-8601 Northumbria univers.ty Newcastle upon TyneTyne and WearUK NE18ST National space science Center Chinese Academy SciencesBeijing 100190China Arctic Geophysics University Centre in Svalbard

The joint European space Agency and Chinese Academy of sciences solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(sMILE)mission will explore global dynamics of the magnetosphere under varying solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field conditions,and simultaneously monitor the auroral response of the Northern Hemisphere *** these large-scale responses with medium and fine-scale measurements at a variety of cadences by additional ground-based and space-based instruments will enable a much greater scientific impact beyond the original goals of the sMILE ***,we describe current community efforts to prepare for sMILE,and the benefits and context various experiments that have explicitly expressed support for sMILE can offer.A dedicated group of international scientists representing many different experiment types and geographical locations,the Ground-based and Additional science Working Group,is facilitating these *** include constructing an online sMILE data Fusion Facility,the discussion of particular or special modes for experiments such as coherent and incoherent scatter radar,and the consideration of particular observing strategies and spacecraft *** anticipate growing interest and community engagement with the sMILE mission,and we welcome novel ideas and insights from the solar-terrestrial community.

关键词： magnetosphere ionosphere magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling ground-based experimentation sMILE conjunctions missions

Transcriptional reprogramming during human osteoclast differentiation identifies regulators of osteoclast activity

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Bone research 2024年第1期12卷 180-198页

作者： Morten s.Hansen Kaja Madsen Maria price Kent søe Yasunori Omata Mario M.Zaiss Caroline M.Gorvin Morten Frost Alexander rauch Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory(KMEB) Department of EndocrinologyOdense University HospitalDK-5000 Odense CDenmark department of Clinical research Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Southern DenmarkDK-5000 Odense CDenmark Clinical Cell Biology Pathology Research UnitDepartment of Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkDK-5000 Odense CDenmark Institute of Metabolism and systems research(IMsr)and Centre for diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism(CEDAM)University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK Centre for Membrane proteins and receptors(COMpArE) Universities of Birmingham and NottinghamBirmingham B152TTUK department of Molecular Medicine University of Southern DenmarkDK-5000 Odense CDenmark department of Orthopedic surgery Faculty of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyo 113-8655Japan department of Internal Medicine 3 Rheumatology and ImmunologyFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg(FAU)and Universitätsklinikum ErlangenD-91054 ErlangenGermany deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie(dZI) Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum ErlangenD-91054 ErlangenGermany steno diabetes Center Odense Odense University HospitalDK-5000 Odense CDenmark

Enhanced osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast activity contribute to the development of osteoporosis,which is characterized by increased bone resorption and inadequate bone *** novel antiosteoporotic therapeutics are needed,understanding the genetic regulation of human osteoclastogenesis could help identify potential treatment *** study aimed to provide an overview of transcriptional reprogramming during human osteoclast *** were differentiated from Cd14+monocytes from eight female *** sequencing during differentiation revealed 8980 differentially expressed genes grouped into eight temporal patterns conserved across *** patterns revealed distinct molecular functions associated with postmenopausal osteoporosis susceptibility genes based on rNA from iliac crest biopsies and bone mineral density *** analyses revealed mutual dependencies between temporal expression patterns and provided insight into subtype-specific transcriptional *** donor-specific expression patterns revealed genes at the monocyte stage,such as filamin B(FLNB)and oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1(OLr1,encoding LOX-1),that are predictive of the resorptive activity of mature *** expression of differentially expressed G-protein coupled receptors was strong during osteoclast differentiation,and these receptors are associated with bone mineral density sNps,suggesting that they play a pivotal role in osteoclast differentiation and *** regulatory effects of three differentially expressed G-protein coupled receptors were exemplified by in vitro pharmacological modulation of complement 5 A receptor 1(C5Ar1),somatostatin receptor 2(ssTr2),and free fatty acid receptor 4(FFAr4/Gpr120).Activating C5Ar1 enhanced osteoclast formation,while activating ssTr2 decreased the resorptive activity of mature osteoclasts,and activating FFAr4 decreased both the number and resorptive activity of mature *** conclus

关键词： osteoclast programming identif

Exploring van der Waals materials with high anisotropy:geometrical and optical approaches

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Light(science & Applications) 2024年第4期13卷 645-653页

作者： Aleksandr s.slavich Georgy A.Ermolaev Mikhail K.Tatmyshevskiy Adilet N.Toksumakov Olga G.Matveeva dmitriy V.Grudinin Kirill V.Voronin Arslan Mazitov Konstantin V.Kravtsov Alexander V.syuy dmitry M.Tsymbarenko Mikhail s.Mironov sergey M.Novikov Ivan Kruglov davit A.Ghazaryan Andrey A.Vyshnevyy Aleksey V.Arsenin Valentyn s.Volkov Kostya s.Novoselov Moscow Center for Advanced studies Kulakova str.20Moscow 123592Russia. Emerging Technologies research Center XPANCEOInternet CityEmmay TowerDubaiUnited Arab Emirates. donostia International physics Center(dIpC) Donostia/San-Sebastián 20018Spain. Institute of Materials Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne1015 LausanneSwitzerland. department of Chemistry Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow 119991Russia. Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials Yerevan State UniversityYerevan 0025Armenia. National Graphene Institute(NGI) University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK. department of Materials science and Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 03-09 EASingapore. Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials National University of Singapore117544 SingaporeSingapore

The emergence of van der Waals(vdW)materials resulted in the discovery of their high optical,mechanical,and electronic anisotropic properties,immediately enabling countless novel phenomena and *** success inspired an intensive search for the highest possible anisotropic properties among vdW ***,the identification of the most promising among the huge family of vdW materials is a challenging quest requiring innovative ***,we suggest an easy-to-use method for such a survey based on the crystallographic geometrical perspective of vdW materials followed by their optical *** our approach,we found As2s3 as a highly anisotropic vdW *** demonstrates high in-plane optical anisotropy that is~20%larger than for rutile and over two times as large as calcite,high refractive index,and transparency in the visible range,overcoming the century-long record set by *** these benefits,As2s3 opens a pathway towards nextgeneration nanophotonics as demonstrated by an ultrathin true zero-order quarter-wave plate that combines classical and the Fabry–pérot optical phase ***,our approach provides an effective and easy-to-use method to find vdW materials with the utmost anisotropic properties.

关键词： anisotropy anisotropic high

deformable microlaser force sensing

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Light(science & Applications) 2024年第6期13卷 1196-1209页

作者： Eleni dalaka Joseph sHill Jonathan H.H.Booth Anna popczyk stefan r.pulver Malte C.Gather Marcel schubert Centre of Biophotonics SUPASchool of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsUK Humboldt Centre for Nano-and Biophotonics Department of ChemistryUniversity of CologneKölnGermany school of psychology and Neuroscience University of St AndrewsSt Mary’s QuadSouth StreetSt AndrewsUK Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia BarcelonaSpain

Mechanical forces are key regulators of cellular behavior and function,affecting many fundamental biological processes such as cell migration,embryogenesis,immunological responses,and pathological *** force sensors and imaging techniques have been developed to quantify these otherwise invisible forces in single cells and in ***,current techniques rely heavily on high-resolution microscopy and do not allow interrogation of optically dense tissue,reducing their application to 2d cell cultures and highly transparent biological ***,we introduce dEFOrM,deformable microlaser force sensing,a spectroscopic technique that detects sub-nanonewton forces with unprecedented spatio-temporal *** is based on the spectral analysis of laser emission from dye-doped oil microdroplets and uses the force-induced lifting of laser mode degeneracy in these droplets to detect nanometer *** validation by atomic force microscopy and development of a model that links changes in laser spectrum to applied force,dEFOrM is used to measure forces in 3d and at depths of hundreds of microns within tumor spheroids and late-stage drosophila *** furthermore show continuous force sensing with single-cell spatial and millisecond temporal resolution,thus paving the way for non-invasive studies of biomechanical forces in advanced stages of embryogenesis,tissue remodeling,and tumor invasion.

关键词： invasion otherwise hundreds

Fast and Balanced Charge Transport Enabled by solution-processed Metal Oxide Layers for Efficient and stable Inverted perovskite solar Cells

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第2期7卷 240-248页

作者： Jing Zhang James Mcgettrick Kangyu Ji Jinxin Bi Thomas Webb Xueping Liu dongtao Liu Aobo ren Yuren Xiang Bowei Li Vlad stolojan Trystan Watson samuel d.stranks Wei Zhang Advanced Technology Institute(ATI) University of SurreyGuildfordSurrey GU27XHUK spECIFIC College of EngineeringSwansea UniversityBay Campus SA18ENSwansea UK Cavendish Laboratory University of CambridgeJ JThomson AvenueCambridge CB30HEUK department of Chemical Engineering&Biotechnology University of CambridgePhilippa Fawcett DriveCambridge CB30ASUK

Metal oxide charge transport materials are preferable for realizing long-term stable and potentially low-cost perovskite solar cells(psCs).However,due to some technical difficulties(e.g.,intricate fabrication protocols,high-temperature heating process,incompatible solvents,etc.),it is still challenging to achieve efficient and reliable all-metal-oxide-based ***,we developed efficient inverted psCs(IpsCs)based on solution-processed nickel oxide(NiO_(x))and tin oxide(snO_(2))nanoparticles,working as hole and electron transport materials respectively,enabling a fast and balanced charge transfer for photogenerated charge *** further understanding and optimizing the perovskite/metal oxide interfaces,we have realized an outstanding power conversion efficiency(pCE)of 23.5%(the bandgap of the perovskite is 1.62 eV),which is the highest efficiency among IpsCs based on all-metal-oxide charge transport *** to these stable metal oxides and improved interface properties,ambient stability(retaining 95%of initial pCE after 1 month),thermal stability(retaining 80%of initial pCE after 2 weeks)and light stability(retaining 90%of initial pCE after 1000 hours aging)of resultant devices are enhanced *** addition,owing to the low-temperature fabrication procedures of the entire device,we have obtained a pCE of over 21%for flexible IpsCs with enhanced operational stability.

关键词： fast and balanced charge transfer inverted perovskite solar cells long-term stability low-temperature processing metal oxides

Electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction to C_(2)H_(4): From lab to fab

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第3期90卷 540-564,I0012页

作者： Zeyu Guo Fabao Yang Xiaotong Li Huiwen Zhu Hainam do Kam Loon Fow Jonathan d.Hirst Tao Wu Qiulin Ye Yaqi peng Hao Bin Wu Angjian Wu Mengxia Xu department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering and New Materials InstituteUniversity of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaNingbo 315100ZhejiangChina Key Laboratory of Carbonaceous Waste processing and process Intensification of Zhejiang province University of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaNingbo 315100ZhejiangChina Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence research and Innovation Institute University of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaNingbo 315100ZhejiangChina state Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Department of Energy EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027ZhejiangChina Institute for Composites science Innovation(InCsI)and state Key Laboratory of silicon and Advanced semiconductor Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027ZhejiangChina school of Chemistry University of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottingham NG72RDUK Baima Lake Laboratory Hangzhou 310053ZhejiangChina

The global concerns of energy crisis and climate change,primarily caused by carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),are of utmost ***,the electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)rr) to high value-added multi-carbon(C_(2+)) products driven by renewable electricity has emerged as a highly promising solution to alleviate energy shortages and achieve carbon *** these C_(2+) products,ethylene(C_(2)H_(4))holds particular importance in the petrochemical ***,this review aims to establish a connection between the fundamentals of electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction reaction to ethylene(CO_(2)rrto-C_(2)H_(4)) in laboratory-scale research(lab) and its potential applications in industrial-level fabrication(fab).The review begins by summarizing the fundamental aspects,including the design strategies of high-performance Cu-based electrocatalysts and advanced electrolyzer ***,innovative and value-added techniques are presented to address the inherent challenges encountered during the implementations of CO_(2)rr-to-C_(2)H_(4) in industrial ***,case studies of the technoeconomic analysis of the CO_(2)rr-to-C_(2)H_(4) process are discussed,taking into factors such as costeffectiveness,scalability,and market *** review concludes by outlining the perspectives and challenges associated with scaling up the CO_(2)rr-to-C_(2)H_(4) *** insights presented in this review are expected to make a valuable contribution in advancing the CO_(2)rr-to-C_(2)H_(4) process from lab to fab.

关键词： CO_(2) electroreduction reaction Ethylene Gas diffusion electrode Machine learning density functional theory Techno-economic analysis

Laser wakefield accelerator modelling with variational neural networks

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High power Laser science and Engineering 2023年第1期11卷 67-74页

作者： M.J.V.streeter C.Colgan C.C.Cobo C.Arran E.E.Los r.Watt N.Bourgeois L.Calvin J.Carderelli N.Cavanagh s.J.d.dann r.Fitzgarrald E.Gerstmayr A.s.Joglekar B.Kettle p.Mckenna C.d.Murphy Z.Najmudin p.parsons Q.Qian p.p.rajeev C.p.ridgers d.r.symes A.G.r.Thomas G.sarri s.p.d.Mangles school of Mathematics and physics Queen’s University BelfastBelfastUK The John Adams Institute for Accelerator science Imperial College LondonLondonUK York plasma Institute School of PhysicsEngineering and TechnologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcotUK Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical science University of MichiganAnn ArborUSA Ergodic LLC San FranciscoUSA department of physics SUPAUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK

A machine learning model was created to predict the electron spectrum generated by a GeV-class laser wakefield *** model was constructed from variational convolutional neural networks,which mapped the results of secondary laser and plasma diagnostics to the generated electron *** ensemble of trained networks was used to predict the electron spectrum and to provide an estimation of the uncertainty of that *** is anticipated that this approach will be useful for inferring the electron spectrum prior to undergoing any process that can alter or destroy the *** addition,the model provides insight into the scaling of electron beam properties due to stochastic fluctuations in the laser energy and plasma electron density.

关键词： laser plasma interactions particle acceleration neural networks machine learning

Counting Function Asymptotics and the Weak Weyl-Berry Conjecture for Connected domains with Fractal Boundaries

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Acta Mathematica sinica,English series 1998年第2期14卷 261-276页

作者： Chen Hua (department of Mathematics,Wuhan univers.ty,Wuhan 430072,China)(Email:chenhua@whu,***)Brian d.sleeman (school of Mathematics,univers.ty of Leeds,Leeds Ls2 9JT,England,uk)(Email:bds@amsta.leeds,ac.uk) department of Mathematics Wuhan University 430072 Wuhan China

In this paper,we study the spectral asymptotics for connected fractal domains and Weyl-Berry *** prove,for some special connected fractal domains,the sharp estimate for second term of counting function asymptotics,which implies that the weak form of the Weyl- Berry conjecture holds for the ***,we also study a naturally connected fractal domain,and we prove,in this case,the weak Weyl-Berry conjecture holds as well.

关键词： Connected fractal domain Counting function Weyl-Berry conjecture