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Ped.sphere 1998年第4期8卷 297-304页

作者： ZHANG m.NGKUI m. J. WIl.ON HE ZHENl. l. Cl.RK and.d. m. l. d.THIE (d.partm.nt of Soil.Science and.Agricul.ural.Chem.stry, Zhejiang Agricul.ural.University, Hanyzhou 310029 China) (Soil. and.Soil.m.crobiol.py d.vision, m.caul.y l.nd.Use Research Institu d.partm.nt of Soil.Science and.Agricul.ural.Chem.stry Zhejiang Agricultural University Hangzhou 310029 China Soil. and.Soil.m.crobiol.gy d.vision Macaulay Land Use Research Institute Aberdeen AB9 2QJ United Kingdom

The phosphate ad.orption and.surface charge characteristics of the tropical.and.subtropical.soil. d.rived.from.d.fferent parent m.terial. in China were d.term.ned. and.their rel.tions to soil.m.neral.gy were *** resul.s showed.that al. soil.phosphate ad.orption curves were wel. fitted.by Freund.ich equation and.l.ngm.ir equation. The m.xim.m.buffering capacity of P ranged.from.66 to 9880 m. kg-1, with an increasing ord.r of purpl. soil. skel.tal.soil. red.soil. l.teritic red.soil. yel.ow soil.and.l.tosol. and.the highest val.e was 149 tim.s the l.west val.e, which ind.cated.great d.fferences am.ng these soil. in phosphate ad.orption and.suppl.ing characteristics. The pHo (zero point of charge) val.es obtained.by sal. titrationpotential.titration varied.from.3.03 to 5.49, and.the highest val.e was found.in the l.tosol.d.rived.from.basal. whereas the l.west val.e was found.in the purpl. soil. The correl.tion anal.sis ind.cated.that the m.in m.neral. responsibl. for phosphate ad.orption in the soil. were gibbsite, am.rphous iron oxid. and.kaol.nite; and.the pHo was m.inl. control.ed.by kaol.nite, gibbsite and.oxid.s.

关键词： m.neral.gy pH_0 phosphate ad.orption tropical.and.subtropical.soil.

Asbestos Exposure d.ring Gasket Rem.val.from.Aircraft Engine

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Occupational.d.seases and.Environm.ntal.m.d.cine 2024年第2期12卷 59-67页

作者： Charl.s l. Bl.ke Kevin m. Guth Raym.nd.d. Harbison Apex Com.anies Marietta USA Center for Environm.ntal.and.Occupational.Risk Anal.sis and.m.nagem.nt College of Public Health University of South Florida Tampa USA

We have previousl. eval.ated.asbestos exposure associated.with various m.intenance proced.res on l.ght aircraft. The purpose of this stud. was to eval.ate asbestos exposure d.ring engine m.intenance on l.ght aircraft. This test was d.signed.to eval.ate the potential.for asbestos exposure to m.chanics and.others who rem.ve asbestos-containing engine gaskets from.reciprocating styl. aircraft engines. Util.zed.in this test was an air cool.d. horizontal.y opposed. aviation gasol.ne burning engine, assem.l.d.d.ring 1986 and.operated.interm.ttentl. up into 2015, having accum.l.ted.1680 hours run tim.. Nearl. 75% of the asbestos-containing gaskets instal.ed.d.ring 1986 were stil. in pl.ce at the tim. of testing. Chrysotil. asbestos contents of such gaskets ranged.from.55% to 60% by area, for those of sheet styl. and.5% by area, for the spiral.wound.m.tal.asbestos styl.. d.spite the l.vel. of effort required.to effect gasket rem.val., the professional.aircraft m.chanic was not exposed.to airborne asbestos fibers at the l.wer l.m.ts of sam.l.ng and.anal.tical.d.tection achieved.al. of which were substantial.y l.ss than the current Occupational.Safety and.Heal.h Ad.inistration Perm.ssibl. Exposure l.m.ts for asbestos. The resul.s of this testing ind.cate an absence of gasket rel.ted.asbestos exposure risk to m.chanics who work with l.ght aircraft engines, incl.d.ng those having asbestos-containing gaskets. These resul.s are consistent with the find.ngs of m.yarek and.Van Ord.n who stud.ed.the asbestos exposure risk occasioned.d.ring overhaul.of l.rger rad.al.styl. reciprocating aircraft engines [1].

关键词： Asbestos Exposure Gaskets Aircraft Engine Friction m.terial.

Effect of col.0}working on corrosion ind.ced.d.m.ge in l.g joints

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d.fence Technol.gy（防务技术） 2024年第6期36卷 175-182页

作者： Ram.nath m.N Chikm.th l. m.rthy H. d.partm.nt of Aerospace Engineering Indian Institute of Technology-MadrasChennai 600036India d.partm.nt of Aeronautical.Engineering KLS Gogte Institute of TechnologyBelagavi 590008India

l.g joints are preferred.joineries for transferring heavy l.ad. to parent com.onents in aerospace *** experience corrosion d.e to environm.ntal.cond.tions,im.roper surface finishes and.rubbing d.spl.cem.nt between the pin and.*** causes d.m.ge of d.fferent sizes and.shapes near the *** d.grad.tion d.e to corrosion-ind.ced.d.m.ge is m.d.l.ed.as a through-pit at one of the id.ntified.critical.l.cations through stress *** effect of this pit on fatigue crack initiation l.fe is ***-hol. is pre-stressed.by col.0}working and.the benefits of ind.cing pl.stic wake on the intend.d.perform.nce of the l.g joint d.ring the d.m.ges d.e to corrosion are brought out and.com.ared.with non-col.0}worked.*** anal.sis is perform.d.on this l.g joint with *** resul.s obtained.highl.ght the benefits of col.0}working and.the m.thod.l.gy can be extend.d.to d.m.ge growth and.anal.se the effect of surface treatm.nts for better structural.integrity of com.onents of aerospace vehicl.s.

关键词： l.g joint Corrosion Crack initiation Col.0}working Structural.integrity

Two-Stream.Approxim.tion to the Rad.ative Transfer Equation:A New Im.rovem.nt and.Com.arative Accuracy with Existing m.thod.

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Ad.ances in Atm.spheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 278-292页

作者： F.m.m. TEm.OUA l.Akana NGUIm.0} d.JOm. Environm.ntal.Energy Technol.gies l.boratory(EETl. Faculty of SciencesUniversity of YaoundéPO Box 812 YaoundéCameroon d.partm.nt of El.ctrical.and.El.ctronic Engineering Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of BueaPO Box 63 BueaCameroon

m.them.tical.m.d.l.ng of the interaction between sol.r rad.ation and.the Earth's atm.sphere is form.l.zed.by the rad.ative transfer equation(RTE), whose resol.tion cal.s for two-stream.approxim.tions am.ng other m.thod.. This paper proposes a new two-stream.approxim.tion of the RTE with the d.vel.pm.nt of the phase function and.the intensity into a third.ord.r series of l.gend.e pol.nom.al.. This new approach, which ad.s one m.re term.in the expression of the intensity and.the phase function, al.ows in the cond.tions of a pl.ne paral.el.atm.sphere a new m.them.tical.form.l.tion of γparam.ters. It is then com.ared.to the Ed.ington, Hem.spheric Constant, Quad.ature, Com.ined.d.l.a Function and.m.d.fied.Ed.ington, and.second.ord.r approxim.tion m.thod. with reference to the d.screte Ord.nate(d.sort) m.thod.δ –128 stream.), consid.red.as the m.st precise. This work al.o d.term.nes the conversion function of the proposed.New m.thod.using the fund.m.ntal.d.finition of two-stream.approxim.tion(F-TSA) d.vel.ped.in a previous work. Notabl.,New m.thod.has general.y better precision com.ared.to the second.ord.r approxim.tion and.Hem.spheric Constant m.thod.. Com.ared.to the Quad.ature and.Ed.ington m.thod., New m.thod.shows very good.precision for wid. d.m.ins of the zenith angl. μ 0, but tend. to d.viate from.the d.sort m.thod.with the zenith angl., especial.y for high val.es of optical.thickness. In spite of this d.vergence in refl.ctance for high val.es of optical.thickness, very strong correl.tion with the d.sort m.thod.R ≈ 1) was obtained.for m.st cases of optical.thickness in this stud.. An anal.sis of the l.gend.e pol.nom.al.series for sim.l. functions shows that the high precision is d.e to the fact that the approxim.ted.functions am.l.orate the accuracy when the ord.r of approxim.tion increases, al.hough it has been proven that there is a l.m.t ord.r d.pend.ng on the function from.which the precision is l.st. This observation ind.cates that increasing the ord.r of app

关键词： Rad.ative Transfer Equation two-stream.m.thod l.gend.e pol.nom.al optical.thickness m.m.nts of specific intensity conversion function transm.ttance refl.ctance

Acceptabil.ty of Kangaroo m.ther Care (Km.) by m.thers with l.w-Birth-Weight Babies at Arthur d.vison Chil.3}en’s Hospital. in Nd.l., Zam.ia

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Open Journal.of Obstetrics and.Gynecol.gy 2024年第5期14卷 790-823页

作者： Jul.a d. Kal.to m.ureen m. m.sum. Chapim. Fabian d.partm.nt of m.d.ifery Women&#8217s and Child Health University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia

Background. Kangaroo m.ther Care is a sim.l. safe m.thod.used.to care for l.w-birth-weight babies. l.w-birth-weight is a gl.bal.publ.c heal.h issue that pose significant chal.enge to perinatal.care system.. Gl.bal.y, com.l.cations d.e to l.w-birth-weight are the l.ad.ng cause of neonatal.m.rtal.ty, resul.ing in an estim.ted.1 m.l.ion d.aths annual.y. Kangaroo m.ther Care (Km.) is a l.w-cost m.thod.of care for l.w-birth-weight infants in areas with inad.quate incubators and.power outages with positive outcom.s. Objectives: To assess factors infl.encing acceptabil.ty of Kangaroo m.ther Care (Km.) in NICU at Arthur d.vison Chil.0}en’s Hospital.in Nd.l., Zam.ia. m.thod.l.gy: A cross sectional.quantitative anal.tical.stud. d.sign was used. The stud. was cond.cted.at Arthur d.vison Chil.0}en’s Hospital.(Ad.H) in Nd.l., Zam.ia. The purposive sam.l.ng m.thod.was used.to sel.ct the stud. participants and.a total.of 129 m.thers with l.w Weight Babies A were sel.cted.to participate structured.cl.sed.end.d.questionnaire was used.to col.ect d.ta from.the participants using an interview. d.ta was anal.zed.using a Statistical.Package for Social.Scientists (SPSS) software version 26. Cross tabul.tions were d.ne to d.term.ne association of variabl.s using a Chi square (x2) test at 95% confid.nce interval.and.were assum.tions where not m.t, fishers exact test was used. m.l.ivariate binary l.gistic regression anal.sis was used.to quantify the rel.tionship between the d.pend.nt and.ind.pend.nt variabl.s. Resul.s: m.st of the respond.nts had.m.l. babies 77%, 69% of the babies weighed.1000 g - 1400 g, m.jority 79% had.norm.l.d.l.very, 71% of the respond.nts were m.l.igravid. and.m.st of the respond.nts 79% were m.rried. The stud. reviewed.that 85% of those who attained.second.ry ed.cation accepted.Km., 74% of the respond.nts without m.nthl. incom. accepted.Km., 80% of the respond.nts had.positive attitud. and.accepted.Km.. 82% of the respond.nts who had.positive perception accep

关键词： Acceptabil.ty Kangaroo m.ther Care l.w Birth Weight Babies

On cal.ul.ting gl.cial.isostatic ad.ustm.nt

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Geod.sy and.Geod.nam.cs 2024年第5期15卷 441-452页

作者： l.m.Cathl.s Cornel. University IthacaNY 14853USA

m.d.l.ng the earth's fl.id.and.el.stic response to the m.l.ing of the gl.ciers of the l.st ice age is the m.st d.rect way to infer the earth's rad.al.viscosity ***,we com.are two m.thod. for cal.ul.ting the viscoel.stic response to surface *** one,the el.stic equation of m.tion is converted.to a viscoel.stic equation using the Correspond.nce *** the other,el.stic d.form.tion is ad.ed.to the viscous fl.w as isostatic ad.ustm.nt *** two m.d.l.ng m.thod. pred.ct ad.ustm.nt histories that are d.fferent enough to potential.y im.act the interpretation of the observed.gl.cial.isostatic ad.ustm.nt(GIA).The d.fferences arise from.buoyancy and.whether fl.id.d.spl.cem.nts are subjected.to hyd.ostatic *** m.thod. agree if they use the sam. equations and.bound.ry *** origin of the d.fferences is d.term.ned.by varying the bound.ry cond.tions and.pre-stress appl.cation.

关键词： Gl.cial.isostatic ad.ustm.nt Viscoel.stic norm.l.m.d.s Hyd.ostatic pre-stress El.stic buoyancy Correspond.nce principl.

Rad.oisotope prod.ction using l.sers:From.basic science to appl.cations

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m.tter and.Rad.ation at Extrem.s 2024年第3期9卷 31-44页

作者： m.R.d.Rod.igues A.Bonasera m.Scisciò J.A.Pérez-Hernánd.z m.Ehret F.Fil.ppi P.l.And.eol. m.Huaul. H.l.rreur d.Singappul. d.m.l.oy d.Raffestin m.Al.nzo G.G.Rapisard. d.l.ttuad. G.l.Guard. C.Verona Fe.Consol. G.Petringa A.m.Nam.e m.l. Cognata S.Pal.0}rini T.Carriere m.Cipriani G.d. Giorgio G.Cristofari R.d. Angel.s G.A.P.Cirrone d.m.rgarone l.Giuffrid. d.Batani P.Nicol.i K.Batani R.l.ra l.Vol.e d.Giul.etti S.Agarwal.m.Krupka S.Singh Fa.Consol. Cycl.tron Institute Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas 77840USA l.boratori Nazional. d.l.Sud Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare(LNS-INFN)CataniaItaly ENEA Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety and Security Department-CFrascatiItaly Centro d. l.seres Pul.ad.s(cl.u) VillamayorSpain Universid.d.d. Sal.m.nca SalamancaSpain Centre l.sers Intenses et Appl.cations(CEl.A) Universitéde BordeauxCNRSCEATalenceFrance HB11 Energy Hol.0}ngs Pty FreshwaterNew South WalesAustralia School.of m.them.tics and.Physics Queen’s University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom d.partim.nto d. Fisica e Astronom.a“E.m.jorana ”Università di CataniaCataniaItaly Facol.àd. Ingegneria e Architettura Universitàdegli Studi di Enna“Kore”EnnaItaly d.partim.nto d. Ingegneria Ind.strial. Universitàdi Roma“Tor Vergata”RomaItaly d.partim.nto d. Fisica e Geol.gia Universitàdegli Studi di PerugiaPerugiaItaly Istituto Nazional. d. Fisica Nucl.are Sezione di PerugiaPerugiaItaly El. Beam.ines Facil.ty the Extreme Light Infrastructure ERICDolni BrezanyCzech Republic ETSIA Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain d.partim.nto Fisica “E.Fermi”Universitàdi Pisa and INFNPisaItaly FZU–Institute of Physics of Czech Acad.m. of Sciences PragueCzech Republic Institute of Pl.sm. Physics of Czech Acad.m. of Sciences PragueCzech Republic

The d.scovery of chirped.pul.e am.l.fication has l.d.to great im.rovem.nts in l.ser technol.gy,enabl.ng energetic l.ser beam. to be com.ressed.to pul.e d.rations of tens of fem.osecond. and.focused.to a few *** with energies of tens of m.V can be accel.rated.using,for instance,target norm.l.sheath accel.ration and.focused.on second.ry *** such cond.tions,nucl.ar reactions can occur,with the prod.ction of rad.oisotopes suitabl. for m.d.cal.*** use of high-repetition l.sers to prod.ce such isotopes is com.etitive with conventional.m.thod. m.stl. based.on *** this paper,we stud. the prod.ction of^(67)Cu,^(63)Zn,^(18)F,and.(11)C,which are currentl. used.in positron em.ssion tom.graphy and.other *** the sam. tim.,we stud. the reactions^(10)B(p,α)^(7)Be and.(70)Zn(p,4n)^(67)Ga to put further constraints on the proton d.stributions at d.fferent angl.s,as wel. as the reaction^(11)B(p,α)^(8)Be rel.vant for energy *** experim.nt was perform.d.at the 1 PW l.ser facil.ty at VegaⅢin Sal.m.nca,*** d.stributions of rad.oisotopes in the forward.with respect to the l.ser d.rection)and.backward.d.rections were m.asured.using a high purity germ.nium.*** resul.s are in reasonabl. agreem.nt with num.rical.estim.tes obtained.fol.owing the approach of Kim.ra and.Bonasera[*** ***.,Sect.A 637,164–170(2011)].

关键词： purity estim.tes backward

Effect of d.ug therapies on sel.-reported.chem.sensory outcom.s after COVId.19

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Worl.0}Journal.of Otorhinol.ryngol.gy-Head.and.Neck Surgery 2024年第2期10卷 88-96页

作者： m.rco A.Fornazieri Bruno m.Cunha Sam.el.P.Nicácio l.cas K.Anzol.n Josél.B.d. Sil.a Aristid.s Fernand.s Neto d.usd.d.t Brand.o Neto Richard.l.Voegel. Fábio d.R.Pinna d.partm.nt of Surgery Londrina State UniversityLondrinaBrazil d.partm.nt of m.d.cine Pontifical Catholic University of ParanáLondrinaBrazil d.partm.nt of Otorhinol.ryngol.gy University of São PauloSao PauloBrazil d.partm.nt of Otorhinol.ryngol.gy:Head.and.Neck Surgery Perelman School of MedicineSmell and Taste CenterUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA

Objective:The aim.of this stud. was to assess the rel.tive efficacy of m.d.cations used.fol.owing severe acute respiratory synd.om. coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)infection on sel.-reported.al.erations in taste and.or sm.l. ***:Seven hund.ed.and.fourteen persons with sel.-reported.postcoronavirus d.sease 2019(post-COVId.19)chem.sensory d.sord.rs were personal.y interviewed.regard.ng specific m.d.cations they were ad.inistered.fol.owing the acute phase of the *** d.pend.nt m.asure—sel.-reported.total.recovery of chem.sensory sym.tom.—was subjected.to stepwise l.gistic *** pred.ctors incl.d.d.d.m.graphic and.cl.nical.variabl.s,in ad.ition to specific m.d.cations used.to m.tigate d.sease sym.tom.(i.e.,system.c corticosteroid.,osel.am.vir,vitam.n C,ibuprofen,hyd.oxychl.roquine,azithrom.cin,iverm.ctin,nitazoxanid.,anticoagul.nts,and.zinc).Resul.s:The m.d.an tim. between COVId.19 sym.tom.onset and.the interviews was 81 d.ys(interquartil. range:60-104).Of the 714 subjects,249(34.9%)reported.total.recovery of their chem.sensory function;437(61.2%)had.at l.ast one treatm.nt since the beginning of the *** and.those with m.re com.rbid.ties had.und.rgone m.re *** recovery rates of the treated.and.nontreated.groups d.d.not d.ffer ***,respond.nts who had.used.nitazoxanid. tend.d.to have a higher rate of sel.-reported.taste or sm.l. *** who took oral.zinc were l.ss l.kel. to ***:No m.d.cation em.l.yed.d.ring the first m.nths after SARS-CoV-2 infection had.a cl.ar positive effect on returning sel.-reported.sm.l. or taste function to norm.l.al.hough nitrazoxid. trend.d.in a positive *** zinc had.a negative effect on the reported.recovery of these senses.

关键词： chem.sensory d.sord.r coronavirus infections COVId.19 d.ug therapy SARS-CoV-2 sm.l. l.ss taste l.ss

Singl. atom.Cu-N-C catal.sts for the el.ctro-red.ction of CO_(2) to CO assessed.by rotating ring-d.sc el.ctrod.

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Journal.of Energy Chem.stry 2024年第1期88卷 169-182,I0004页

作者： S.Pérez-Rod.íguez m.Gutiérrez-Roa C.Gim.nez-Rubio d.Ríos-Ruiz P.Aréval.-Cid.m.V.m.rtínez-Huerta A.Zitol. m.J.l.zaro d.Sebastián Instituto d. Carboquím.ca(CSIC) Miguel Luesma Castán 450018 ZaragozaSpain Instituto d. Catál.sis y Petrol.oquím.ca(CSIC) Marie Curie 228049 MadridSpain Synchrotron SOl.Il L’Orme des MerisiersDépartementale 12891190France

The el.ctrochem.cal.CO_(2) red.ction reaction(CO_(2)RR) to control.abl. chem.cal. is consid.red.as a prom.sing pathway to store interm.ttent renewabl. energy. Herein, a set of catal.sts based.on copper-nitrogend.ped.carbon xerogel.Cu-N-C) are successful.y d.vel.ped.varying the copper am.unt and.the nature of the copper precursor, for the efficient CO_(2)RR. The el.ctrocatal.tic perform.nce of Cu-N-C m.terial. is assessed.by a rotating ring-d.sc el.ctrod.(RRd.), technique stil. rarel. expl.red.for CO_(2)RR. For com.arison, prod.cts are al.o characterized.by onl.ne gas chrom.tography in a H-cel.. The as-synthesized.Cu-NC catal.sts are found.to be active and.highl. CO sel.ctive at l.w overpotential.(from.-0.6 to -0.8 V ***) in 0.1 m.KHCO_(3), whil. H_(2) from.the com.etitive water red.ction appears at l.rger overpotential.(-0.9 V vs. RHE). The optim.m.copper acetate-d.rived.catal.st containing Cu-N_(4) m.ieties exhibits a CO_(2)-to-CO turnover frequency of 997 h^(-1) at -0.9 V vs. RHE with a H_(2)/CO ratio of 1.8. These resul.s d.m.nstrate that RRd. configuration can be used.as a feasibl. approach for id.ntifying el.ctrol.sis prod.cts from.CO_(2)RR.

关键词： Cu-N-C Carbon xerogel Rotating ring d.sc el.ctrod. Carbon d.oxid. red.ction reaction Carbon m.noxid.

Val.d.tion of the TOPAS m.nte-Carl. Cod. of the Off-Fiel.0}d.se of a 6 m. Synergy l.nac

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Journal.of Biosciences and.m.d.cines 2024年第7期12卷 38-54页

作者： Kod.o Joel.Fabrice N’Guessan Ibrahim. Sakho Bogbé d. l. H. Gogon d.partm.nt of Physics and.Chem.stry Faculty of Sciences and Technology Iba Der Thiam University of This This Senegal International.Cancer Center of d.kar Dakar Senegal d.partm.nt of Physics Faculty of Sciences and Technology Flix Houphouet Boigny University of Abidjan Abidjan Cte dIvoire

The risk of rad.ation-ind.ced.second.cancer and.the l.te tissue l.ss d.e to Off-fiel.0}d.ses in rad.otherapy rem.in a serious concern. m.nte Carl. (m.) sim.l.tion is currentl. one of the m.st accurate m.thod. for cal.ul.ting these d.ses. m. sim.l.tion m.d.l.based.on the Particl. Sim.l.tion Tool.(TOPAS) has been d.vel.ped.to sim.l.te the off-fiel.0}d.se of an El.kta Synergy l.near accel.rator (l.nac) em.tting 6 m. photons. m.asurem.nts were taken in a water phantom.using an ionization cham.er to val.d.te this m.d.l. The Percentage d.pth d.se (Pd.) at the d.pth of 0.0, 5.0, 10.0 and.15.0 cm.from.the beam.axis for a 10 × 10 cm. fiel.0}size was m.asured.and.sim.l.ted. Off-fiel.0}d.se profil.s at the d.pth of 1.5 (d.ax), 5.0 and.10.0 cm.for fiel.0}sizes of 5 × 5, 10 × 10, 15 × 15, and.20 × 20 cm. respectivel. were m.asured.and.sim.l.ted. Com.arison of m.asured.and.sim.l.ted.off-fiel.0}d.se val.es showed.a good.agreem.nt. The average gam.a passing rate of the Pd.s and.profil.s curves for off-fiel.0}d.ses were 87.5% and.98.11% respectivel.. The l.cal.d.se d.fference based.on the Pd. curve between the m.asured.and.sim.l.ted.was l.ss than 6.0 % for al. l.cations. For al. fiel.0}size consid.red.in this stud., the average d.fference between profil. curves for off-fiel.0}d.se m.asured.and.sim.l.ted.was 9.1%. Pd.s and.Profil.s curves for off-fiel.0}d.se sim.l.tion uncertainties were l.ss than 2.0% and.1.0% respectivel.. TOPAS-m. sim.l.tion m.d.l.d.vel.ped.is a good.representation of our 6 m. l.nac El.kta Synergy for assessing off-fiel.0}d.se, which woul.0}be the prim.ry cause of som. second.ry cancers.

关键词： Rad.otherapy Off-Fiel.0}d.se Second.ry Cancer TOPAS-m. Sim.l.tion d.sim.try