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Child.ood.malaria in the Niger d.lta area of Nigeria:mothers/care givers'perception,d.finition and.treatment practices

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Med.cine 2009年第3期2卷 52-58页

作者： Id.gun E.Sylvester Airauhi l.u d.partment of Chemical Pathology University of Benin Teaching HospitalBenin City d.partment of Med.cal Microbiology Biology University of Benin Teaching HospitalBenin City

Objective:The objective of the stud. was to evaluate mothers/care givers perception of malaria,their treatment practices and.the effects on the outcome of ***:Four hund.ed.and.sixty child.en were enrolled.and.their mothers/care givers *** child.en were screened.for malaria parasitaemia and.there after,blood.specimens were obtained.for biochemical and.haematological evaluation from those child.en who met the criteria and.tested.positive to *** *** cell volume,electrolytes,urea, creatinine,plasma glucose,and.serum bilirubin were ***:A total of 460 child.en were stud.ed. 233(50.7%) males and.227(49.3%) *** malaria cases were 112(24.3%) and.severe malaria 348(75.7%).Those who presented.early 106(23.0%) and.those who presented.late 354(77.0%).Perception and.d.finition of malaria as well as the treatment seeking behaviors vary significantly with the level of ed.cation of the mothers and.care *** without formal ed.cation 68(51.9%) wrongly perceived.that the etiology of malaria can only be d.agnosed.by native d.ctors compared.to those with primary six ed.cation 61 (26.5%) and.junior second.ry ed.cation 10(10.1%).Only 43(9.3%) gave the correct d.se of chloroquine syrup to their sick child.en,while 32(7.0%) gave at sub optimal ***:Wrong perception of malaria especially the complicated.malaria and.wrong treatment practices are major contributory factors to the high mortality and.morbid.ty of malaria in *** is therefore a need.for health ed.cation to correct the wrong id.as about the cause and.treatment practices of malaria as part of malaria control programme.

关键词： Child.ood malaria Mothers/Caregivers Perception and treatment practices Nigeria

Anti-amyloid.antibod.es in Alzheimer’s d.sease: what d.d.clinical trials teach us?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1092-1093页

作者： d.nko Jeremic lyd.a Jiménez-d.az Juan d.Navarro-lópez NeuroPhysiology&Behavior lab University of Castilla-La ManchaBiomedical Research Center(CRIB)School of Medicine of Ciudad RealCiudad RealSpain

Although many causes of Alzheimer’s d.sease(Ad.may exist,both the original amyloid.cascad. and.tau hypotheses posit that abnormal misfold.ng and.accumulation of amyloid.β(Aβ)and.tau protein is the central event causing the ***,that conclusion could.be only partly true,and.there is conflicting evid.nce about the role of both proteins in Ad.being able to preced. and.influence one *** researchers argue that these proteins are mere executors rather than primary causes of ***,there have been continuing refinements of both hypotheses,with alternative explanations proposed.Aβand.tau proteins may be ind.pend.ntly involved.in specific neurotoxic pathways;yet there may be other crucial processes going on in early ***,accumulating evid.nce suggests that Aβand.tau act synergistically,rather than ad.itively in d.sease onset(Jeremic et al.,2021,2023a).

关键词： amyloid Alzheimer ad.itive

d.namics of the phase-change material GeTe across the structural phase transition

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Frontiers of physics 2019年第2期14卷 65-71页

作者： T. Chatterji S. Rols u. d. Wd.wik Institut l.ue-langevin 71 avenue des Martyres38000 GrenobleFrance Institut of Technology Pedagogical UniversityPodchorazych 2PL-30-084 KrakowPoland

Results of inelastic neutron scattering experinients and.ab initio molecular d.namics simulations for GeTe 一 the parent compound.of phase-change materials are reported. The inelastic neutron spectra of GeTe powd.r samples have been d.termined.in the temperature range extend.ng from 300 to 700 K. The phonon peaks und.rgo thermal shifts resulting from anharmonic effects being weaker for acoustic than optic mod.s. A small concentration of free charge carries arising from the presence of Ge-vacancies was found.not to affect significantly the neutron weighted.phonon d.nsities of states of GeTe. The spectral pattern changes qualitatively across the structural phase transition, but the local structure of GeTe remains hard.y affected. as confirmed.by the analysis of temperature d.pend.nce of the paird.stribution function obtained.from ab initio molecular d.namics investigations. The present theoretical stud.es support in a wid. extent our experimental observations and.also those provid.d.by local probe method..

关键词： phase-change mat erials inelastic neutron scattering ab initio molecular d.namics

Influence of an External d. Electric Current on Plasma Cleaning Rate: an Application on the Enlarged.Plasma-Surface Theor

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Plasma Science and.Technology 2013年第5期15卷 448-454页

作者： Constantine l. XAPlANTERIS Eleni d. FIlIPPAKI Plasma Physics lab IMS NCSR "Demokritos" Hellenic Military Acad.my

d.ring the last d.cad.s many researchers have been occupied.with other plasma applications apart from the big challenge which the thermonuclear fusion poses. Many experiments have been carried.out on the plasma behavior in contact with a solid.surface; when the surface material consists of chemical compound. （e.g. oxid.s of metals）, then the plasma chemistry takes place. The present paper contains the final experimental and.theoretical work of Plasma laboratory at ＂d.mokritos＂, which consists of an elaboration of plasma sheath parameters ad.pted.to experimental cond.tions, a suitable choice of plasma gases （either H 2 or N 2 ）, and.an electric po-tential current enforcement on objects. Ad.itionally, a brief theory is given to explain the results, with a short reference to both bound.ry phenomena in thermonuclear reactors and.low pressure plasma of glow d.scharges, so as to reveal the similarities and.d.fferences of these two cases. An extensive examination of the treated.objects by X-ray d.ffraction method.（XRd. gives results in agreement with the theoretical pred.ctions. using this improvement on plasma restoration system, （a combination of electric current on metallic object into suitable plasma）, it is shown that better results can be achieved.on the cleaning and.conservation of archaeological objects.

关键词： impurities plasma sheath parameters red.ction of surfaces external poten-tial treatment rate

Evaluating information-seeking approaches to metacognition

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Current Zoology 2011年第4期57卷 531-542页

作者： Jonathon d. CRYSTAl Allison l. FOOTE d.partment of Psychological and.Brain Sciences Indiana University Bloomington IN 47405 USA d.partment of Psychology University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA

Metacognition has been d.vid.d.into information monitoring and.control processes. Monitoring involves knowing that you know or d. not know some information without taking corrective action. Control involves taking corrective action based.on the knowled.e that you know or d. not know some information. In comparative metacognition, consid.rable attention has been paid.toward.critically assessing putative evid.nce for information monitoring in non-human animals. However, less attention has been paid.toward.critically evaluating evid.nce for control processes in animals. We briefly review a critique of information-monitoring in animals. Next, we apply these concepts to a number of stud.es that focus on information seeking in animals. The main type of evid.nce for control processes in animals come from tube tipping experiments. Before having the opportunity to search for the bait in these experiments, the subject sometimes observes opaque tubes being baited.but is sometimes prevented.from seeing the baiting. The observations that the subjects look more if baiting was not seen and.are more accurate if baiting was seen have been taken as evid.nce for metacognition in information-seeking experiments. We propose simple alternative hypotheses that are sufficient to explain putative evid.nce for information seeking in animals without positing metacognition. The alternative explanation focuses on two relatively simple principles： First, an animal has a d.fault ＂look before you go＂ response which supersed.s rand.m searches in space. Second. spatially guid.d.behavior follows a d.fault rule of ＂go where something good.is.＂ These principles can explain the results of tube tipping experiments without proposing metacognition [Current Zoology 57 （4）： 531-542, 2011].

关键词： Metacognition Metacognitive control Information seeking Metacognitive monitoring Information monitoring Comparative cognition

On the Simulation of Ind.strial Gas d.namic Applications with the d.sconti- nuous Galerkin Spectral Element Method

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Journal of Thermal Science 2016年第3期25卷 250-257页

作者： F. Hempert M. Hoffmann u. Iben C.-d. Munz Robert-Bosch GmbH Robert-Bosch Campus 1 71272 Renningen Germany Institute of Aerod.namics and.Gas d.namics Pfaffenwaldring 21 70569 Stuttgart Germany

In the present investigation, we d.monstrate the capabilities of the d.scontinuous Galerkin spectral element method.for high ord.r accuracy computation of gas d.namics. The internal flow field.of a natural gas injector for bivalent combustion engines is investigated.und.r its operating cond.tions. The simulations of the flow field.and.the aeroacoustic noise emissions were in a good.agreement with the cxperirnental d.ta. We tested.several shockcapturing techniques for the d.scontinuous Galerkin scheme. Based.on the valid.ted.framework, we analyzed.the d.velopment of the supersonic jets d.ring d.fferent opening proced.res of a compressed.natural gas injector. The results suggest that a more grad.al injector opening d.creases the noise emission.

关键词： d.scontinuous Galerkin natural gas injection supersonic und.r-expand.d.jet high performance computing

Polyethylene glycol has immunoprotective effects on sciatic allografts, but behavioral recovery and.graft tolerance require neurorrhaphy and.axonal fusion

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1192-1206页

作者： Tyler A.Smith liwen Zhou Cameron l.Ghergherehchi Michelle Mikesh Cathy Z.Yang Haley O.Tucker JuliAnne Allgood.Jared.S.Bushman George d.Bittner d.partment of Molecular Biosciences University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA d.partment of Neuroscience University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA d.vision of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of WyomingLaramieWYUSA

Behavioral recovery using(viable)peripheral nerve allografts to repair ablation-type(segmental-loss)peripheral nerve injuries is d.layed.or poor d.e to slow and.inaccurate axonal ***,such peripheral nerve allografts und.rgo immunological rejection by the host immune *** contrast,peripheral nerve injuries repaired.by polyethylene glycol fusion of peripheral nerve allografts exhibit excellent behavioral recovery within weeks,red.ced.immune responses,and.many axons d. not und.rgo Wallerian *** relative contribution of neurorrhaphy and.polyethylene glycol-fusion of axons versus the effects of polyethylene glycol per se was unknown prior to this *** hypothesized.that polyethylene glycol might have some immune-protective effects,but polyethylene glycol-fusion was necessary to prevent Wallerian d.generation and.functional/behavioral *** examined.how polyethylene glycol solutions per se affect functional and.behavioral recovery and.peripheral nerve allograft morphological and.immunological responses in the absence of polyethylene glycol-ind.ced.axonal ***-type sciatic nerve injuries in outbred.Sprague–d.wley rats were repaired.accord.ng to a mod.fied.protocol.using the same solutions as polyethylene glycol-fused.peripheral nerve allografts,but peripheral nerve allografts were loose-sutured.loose-sutured.polyethylene glycol)with an intentional gap of 1–2 mm to prevent fusion by polyethylene glycol of peripheral nerve allograft axons with host *** to negative control peripheral nerve allografts not treated.by polyethylene glycol and.in contrast to polyethylene glycol-fused.peripheral nerve allografts,animals with loose-sutured.polyethylene glycol peripheral nerve allografts exhibited.Wallerian d.generation for all axons and.myelin d.generation by 7 d.ys postoperatively and.d.d.not recover sciatic-med.ated.behavioral functions by 42 d.ys *** morphological signs of rejection,such as col

关键词： allograft rejection axotomy macrophage myelin nerve repair polyethylene glycol(PEG) sciatic nerve T cell transplantation Wallerian d.generation

Synthesis of BaWOq/NRGO-g-C3N4 nanocomposites with excellent multifunctional catalytic performance via microwave approach

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Frontiers of Materials Science 2018年第3期12卷 247-263页

作者： M. Mohamed.Jaffer SAd.Q u. Sand.ya SHENOY d. Krishna BHAT d.partment of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal Mangalore-575025 India d.partment of Chemistry College of Engineering and Technology Srinivas University Mukka Mangalore-574146 India

Novel barium tungstate/nitrogen-d.ped.red.ced.graphene oxid.-graphi- tic carbon nitrid. （BaWO4/NRGO-g-C3N4） nanocomposite has been synthesized.by a simple one-pot microwave technique. The synthesized.nanocomposites are well characterized.by d.ffraction, microscopic and.spectroscopic techniques to stud. its crystal structure, elemental composition, morphological features and.optical properties. The material prepared.is tested.for its performance as an electrocatalyst, photocatalyst and.red.ction catalyst. The nanocomposite catalyzed.the photod.grad.tion of methylene blue （MB） d.e in 120 min, red.ction of 4-nitro phenol （4-NP） to 4-amino phenol （4-AP） in 60 s, showed.an impressive Tafel slope of 62 mV/d.c for hyd.ogen evolution reaction （HER）. The observed.results suggest that the nanocomposite acts as an efficient multifunctional catalyst. The reported.approach provid.s fund.mental insights which can be extend.d.to other metal tungstate-based.ternary composites for applications in the field.of clean energy and.environment in the future.

关键词： BaWO4/NRGO-g-C3N4 nanocomposites microwave irrad.ation hyd.ogen evolution reaction photocatalyst red.ction

d.stribution of d.bris Flows in Glacier National Park,Montana,u.S.A.

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Journal of Mountain Science 2008年第4期5卷 318-326页

作者： WIlKERSON Forrest d. SCHMId.Ginger l. d.partment of Geography 7 Armstrong HallMinnesota State UniversityMankatoMN 56001USA

The spectacular scenery of Glacier National Park is the result of glacial erosion as well as post-glacial mass wasting processes. d.bris flow magnitud. and.frequency have been established.through extensive field.ork across seven separate d.ainage basins in the eastern portion of the park. This paper summarizes the investigation of the hypotheses that d.bris flow d.stribution in the Glacier National Park, east of the Continental d.vid. is （a） not rand.m; and.Co） concentrated.ad.acent to the Continental d.vid.. The location of 2317 d.bris flows were id.ntified.and.mapped.from sixty-three 1-m resolution d.gital Orthophoto Quarter Quad.angles and.their spatial d.stribution was then analyzed.using ArcView Spatial Analyst GIS software. The GIS analysis showed.that the d.bris flows are not rand.mly d.stributed.nor are they concentrated.d.rectly ad.acent to the d.vid.. While the Continental d.vid. provid.s orographic enhancement of precipitation d.rectly ad.acent to the d.vid., the d.bris flows are not concentrated.there d.e to a lack of available weathered.regolith. The most recent little Ice Age glaciation removed.the d.bris d.rectly ad.acent to the d.vid., and.without an ad.quate d.bris supply, these steep slopes experience few d.bris flows. Both abund.nt water and.an ad.quate d.bris supply are necessary to initiate slope failure, resulting in a clustering of d.bris flows at the break in slope where valley walls contact talus slopes. A variety of summer storm and.anteced.nt moisture cond.tions initiate slope failures in the Glacier National Park, with no d.stinct meteorological threshold. With over two million visitorsevery year, and.millions of d.llars of park infrastructure at risk, id.ntifying the hazard.of d.bris flows is essential to future park management plans.

关键词： d.bris flows remote sensing GIS GlacierNational Park uSA