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The 5-d.mensional mod.l for electromagnetism and.gravity

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Natural Science 2014年第4期6卷 248-253页

作者： V. A. And.eev d. yu. tsipenyuk Lebed.v Physics Institute of Russian Acad.my of Sciences Moscow Russi Prochorov General Physics Institute of Russian Acad.my of Sciences Moscow Russia

The generalization of Einstein’s special theory of relativity (SRT) is proposed. In this mod.l, the possibility of unification of scalar gravity and.electromagnetism into a single unified.field.is consid.red. Formally, the generalization of the SRT is that instead.of (1+3)-d.mensional Minkowski space the (1+4)-d.mensional extension G is consid.red. As the fifth ad.itional coord.nate the interval S is used. This value is saved.und.r the usual Lorentz transformations in Minkowski space M, but it changes when the transformations in the extend.d.space G are used. We call this mod.l the extend.d.space mod.l (ESM). From a physical point of view, our expansion means that processes in which the rest mass of the particles changes are acceptable now. If the rest mass of a particle d.es not change and.the physical quantities d. not d.pend.on an ad.itional variable S, then the electromagnetic and.gravitational field. exist ind.pend.ntly of each other. But if the rest mass is variable and.there is a d.pend.nce on S, then these two field. are combined.into a single unified.field. In the extend.d.space mod.l a photon can have a nonzero mass and.this mass can be either positive or negative. In this mod.l the 5- vectors which components correspond.to energy, pulse and.mass of a particle are isotropic both for massive and.massless particles. The rotations in the (1+4) d.mensional extend.d.space G can transform massive particles into massless and.vice versa.

关键词： Gravity Electromagnetism (1+4)-d.mensional Space Mass of Photon Negative Mass

Silk d.mping in scalar-ind.ced.gravitational waves: a novel probe for new physics

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 79-85页

作者： Yan-Heng yu.Sai Wang Theoretical Physics d.vision Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Physics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Silk d.mping is well known in the stud. of cosmic microwave background.CMB） and.accounts for suppression of the angular power spectrum of CMB on large angular multipoles. In this article, we stud. the effect of Silk d.mping on the scalar-ind.ced.gravitational waves（SIGWs）. Resulting from the d.ssipation of cosmic fluid. the Silk d.mping notably suppresses the energyd.nsity spectrum of SIGWs on scales comparable to a d.ffusion scale at the d.coupling time of weakly-interacting particles. The effect offers a novel observable for probing the und.rlying particle interaction, especially for those med.ated.by heavy gauge bosons beyond.the stand.rd.mod.l of particles. We anticipate that pulsar timing arrays are sensitive to gauge bosons with mass ～10～3-10～4 GeV, while space-and.ground.based.interferometers to those with mass ～10～7-1012GeV, lead.ng to essential complements to on-going and.future experiments of high-energy physics.

关键词： scalar-ind.ced.gravitational waves Silk d.mping new physics

Interconnections between d.abetic corneal neuropathy and.d.abetic retinopathy:d.agnostic and.therapeutic implications

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2169-2180页

作者： Mingyi yu.Faith Teo En Ning Chang Liu yu.Chi Liu Tissue Engineering and.Stem Cell Group Singapore Eye Research InstituteSingapore Yong Loo Lin School of Med.cine National University of SingaporeSingapore d.partment of Cornea and.External Eye d.sease Singapore National Eye CenterSingapore Ophthalmology and.Visual Sciences Acad.mic Clinical Program Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingapore

d.abetic corneal neuropathy and.d.abetic retinopathy are ocular complications occurring in the context of d.abetes *** corneal neuropathy refers to the progressive d.mage of corneal *** retinopathy has trad.tionally been consid.red.as d.mage to the retinal ***,growing evid.nce suggests that d.abetic retinopathy is a complex neurovascular d.sord.r resulting from d.sfunction of the neurovascular unit,which includ.s both the retinal vascular structures and.neural *** retinopathy is one of the lead.ng causes of blind.ess and.is frequently screened.for as part of d.abetic ocular ***,d.abetic corneal neuropathy is commonly overlooked.and.und.rd.agnosed.lead.ng to severe ocular surface *** stud.es have found.that these two cond.tions tend.to occur together,and.they share similarities in their pathogenesis pathways,being triggered.by a status of chronic *** review aims to d.scuss the interconnection between d.abetic corneal neuropathy and.d.abetic retinopathy,whether d.abetic corneal neuropathy preced.s d.abetic retinopathy,as well as the relation between the stage of d.abetic retinopathy and.the severity of corneal *** also end.avor to explore the relevance of a corneal screening in d.abetic eyes and.the possibility of using corneal nerve measurements to monitor the progression of d.abetic retinopathy.

关键词： cornea corneal nerves d.abetes d.abetic corneal neuropathy d.abetic retinopathy retina

Tilting homeostatic and.d.shomeostatic microglial balance in health and.d.sease:transforming growth factor-beta1 as a critical protagonist

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2895-2897页

作者： Nicolas Hugues yu.Luo d.partment of Molecular and.Cellular Biosciences University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA Neuroscience Grad.ate Program University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA d.vision of Immunobiology Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOHUSA

Ad.lt microglia,by continuously sensing changes in their environment and.communicating with nearly all brain cell types,are consid.red.to be the immune sentinels of the *** the healthy central nervous system(CNS),microglia d.splay a unique molecular homeostatic signature(i.e.,Tmem119,P2ry12,Sall1,Siglech,Gpr34,and.Hexb)(Figure 1A).

关键词： Figure signature critical

Targeting TrkB–PSd.95 coupling to mitigate neurological d.sord.rs

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 715-724页

作者： Xin Yang yu.Wen Alvin Huang John Marshall d.partment of Molecular Biology Cell Biology and BiochemistryBrown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA d.partment of Neurology Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA Center for Translational Neuroscience Robert J.and Nancy D.Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational ScienceBrown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA

Tropomyosin receptor kinase B(TrkB)signaling plays a pivotal role in d.nd.itic growth and.d.nd.itic spine formation to promote learning and.*** activity-d.pend.nt release of brain-d.rived.neurotrophic factor at synapses bind. to pre-or postsynaptic TrkB resulting in the strengthening of synapses,reflected.by long-term ***,the association of postsynaptic d.nsity protein-95 with TrkB enhances phospholipase Cγ-Ca^(2+)/calmod.lin-d.pend.nt protein kinaseⅡand.phosphatid.linositol 3-kinase-mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling required.for long-term *** this review,we d.scuss TrkB-postsynaptic d.nsity protein-95 coupling as a promising strategy to magnify brain-d.rived.neurotrophic factor signaling toward. the d.velopment of novel therapeutics for specific neurological d.sord.rs.A red.ction of TrkB signaling has been observed.in neurod.generative d.sord.rs,such as Alzheimer's d.sease and.Huntington's d.sease,and.enhancement of postsynaptic d.nsity protein-95 association with TrkB signaling could.mitigate the observed.d.ficiency of neuronal connectivity in schizophrenia and.*** with brain-d.rived.neurotrophic factor is problematic,d.e to poor pharmacokinetics,low brain penetration,and.sid. effects resulting from activation of the p75 neurotrophin receptor or the truncated.TrkB.T1 *** TrkB agonists and.antibod.es that activate TrkB are being intensively investigated.they cannot d.stinguish the multiple human TrkB splicing isoforms or cell type-specific *** TrkB–postsynaptic d.nsity protein-95 coupling provid.s an alternative approach to specifically boost TrkB signaling at localized.synaptic sites versus global stimulation that risks many ad.erse sid. effects.

关键词： Angelman synd.ome autism brain-d.rived.neurotrophic factor d.pression neurod.generative d.sord.r neurod.velopmental d.sord.r postsynaptic d.nsity protein-95 synaptic plasticity TrkB

Correlation between the rock mass properties and.maximum horizontal stress:A case stud. of overcoring stress measurements

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and.Materials 2025年第1期32卷 39-48页

作者： Peng Li Meifeng Cai Shengjun Miao yu.n Li yu.Wang Key Laboratory of Ministry of Ed.cation for Efficient Mining and.Safety of Metal Mines University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and.Safe Mining China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116China

Und.rstand.ng the mechanical properties of the lithologies is crucial to accurately d.termine the horizontal stress *** investigate the correlation between the rock mass properties and.maximum horizontal stress,the three-d.mensional(3d.stress tensors at 89 measuring points d.termined.using an improved.overcoring technique in nine mines in China were ad.pted.a newly d.fined.characteristic parameter C_(ERP)was proposed.as an ind.cator for evaluating the structural properties of rock masses,and.a fuzzy relation matrix was established.using the information d.stribution *** results ind.cate that both the vertical stress and.horizontal stress exhibit a good.linear growth relationship with *** is no remarkable correlation between the elastic mod.lus,Poisson's ratio and.d.pth,and.the d.stribution of d.ta points is scattered.and.***,there is no obvious relationship between the rock quality d.signation(RQd.and.*** maximum horizontal stress σ_(H) is a function of rock properties,showing a certain linear relationship with the C_(ERP)at the same *** ad.ition,the overall change trend.of σ_(H) d.termined.by the established.fuzzy id.ntification method.is to increase with the increase of C_(ERP).The fuzzy id.ntification method.also d.monstrates a relatively d.tailed.local relationship betweenσ_H and.C_(ERP),and.the pred.cted.curve rises in a fluctuating way,which is in accord.well with the measured.stress d.ta.

关键词： overcoring stress measurements elastic mod.lus Poisson's ratio rock quality d.signation maximum horizontal stress fuzzy id.ntification

New glucocerebrosid.se antibod.es can ad.ance research in the field.of neurod.generative d.sord.rs

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1085-1086页

作者： Charis Ma Krystyna Rytel yu.Chen Ellen Sid.ansky Med.cal Genetics Branch National Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA

In med.cal research,there are times when the introd.ction of a new tool can launch scientific d.scovery in new *** antibod. d.velopment may be consid.red.mund.ne,in the field.of glucocerebrosid.se(GCase)research,the d.arth of valid.ted.antibod.es for d.fferent applications has imped.d.progress in stud.es of d.sease pathogenesis and.therapeutic *** recent introd.ction of new,rigorously evaluated.antibod.es can now propel research into the link between glucocerebrosid.se and.Parkinson’s d.sease(Pd.as well as aspects of the pathobiology of Gaucher d.sease(Jong et al.,2024).

关键词： antibod.es cerebro

Acute and.chronic excitotoxicity in ischemic stroke and.late-onset Alzheimer's d.sease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1981-1988页

作者： Shan Ping yu.Emily Choi Michael QJiang Ling Wei d.partment of Anesthesiology Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Center for Visual and.Neurocognitive Rehabilitation Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical CenterDecaturGAUSA

Stroke and.Alzheimer's d.sease are common neurological d.sord.rs and.often occur in the same *** comorbid.ty of the two neurological d.sord.rs represents a grave health threat to old.r *** review presents a brief background.of the d.velopment of novel concepts and.their clinical *** activity of glutamatergic N-methyl-d.aspartate receptors and.N-methyl-d.aspartate receptor-med.ated.Ca^(2+)influx is critical for neuronal *** ischemic insult ind.ces prompt and.excessive glutamate release and.d.astic increases of intracellular Ca^(2+)mainly via N-methyl-d.aspartate receptors,particularly of those at the extrasynaptic *** Ca^(2+)-evoked.neuronal cell d.ath in the ischemic core is d.minated.by necrosis within a few hours and.d.ys known as acute ***,mild.but sustained.Ca^(2+)increases und.r neurod.generative cond.tions such as in the d.stant penumbra of the ischemic brain and.early stages of Alzheimer's d.sease are not immed.ately toxic,but grad.ally set off d.teriorating Ca^(2+)-d.pend.nt signals and.neuronal cell loss mostly because of activation of programmed.cell d.ath *** on the Ca^(2+)hypothesis of Alzheimer's d.sease and.recent ad.ances,this Ca^(2+)-activated.silent”d.generative excitotoxicity evolves from years to d.cad.s and.is recognized.as a unique slow and.chronic *** N-methyl-d.aspartate receptor subunit GluN3A,primarily at the extrasynaptic site,serves as a gatekeeper for the N-methyl-d.aspartate receptor activity and.is neuroprotective against both acute and.chronic *** stroke and.Alzheimer's d.sease,therefore,share an N-methyl-d.aspartate receptor-and.Ca^(2+)-med.ated.mechanism,although with much d.fferent time *** is thus proposed.that early interventions to control Ca^(2+)homeostasis at the preclinical stage are pivotal for ind.vid.als who are susceptible to sporad.c late-onset Alzheimer's d.sease and.Alzheimer's d.sease-related

关键词： Ca^(2+)hypothesis cognitive d.ficits hyperactivity late-onset Alzheimer's d.sease neurod.generation N-methyl-d.aspartate receptors N-methyl-d.aspartate receptor subunits pathogenesis preventive treatment

A new horizon for neuroscience:terahertz biotechnology in brain research

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 309-325页

作者： Zhengping Pu yu.Wu Zhongjie Zhu Hongwei Zhao d.nghong Cui Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic d.sord.rs Shanghai Mental Health CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina d.partment of Psychiatry Kangci Hospital of JiaxingTongxiangZhejiang ProvinceChina Shanghai Synchrotron Rad.ation Facility Shanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and.Technology Shanghai Institute of Applied PhysicsChinese Academy of ScienceShanghaiChina National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai Shanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina

Terahertz biotechnology has been increasingly applied.in various biomed.cal field. and.has especially shown great potential for application in brain *** this article,we review the d.velopment of terahertz biotechnology and.its applications in the field.of *** evid.nce ind.cates promising prospects for the use of terahertz spectroscopy and.terahertz imaging techniques in the d.agnosis of amyloid.d.sease,cerebrovascular d.sease,glioma,psychiatric d.sease,traumatic brain injury,and.myelin *** vitro and.animal experiments have also d.monstrated.the potential therapeutic value of terahertz technology in some neuropsychiatric *** the precise und.rlying mechanism of the interactions between terahertz electromagnetic waves and.the biosystem is not yet fully und.rstood.the research progress in this field.shows great potential for biomed.cal noninvasive d.agnostic and.therapeutic ***,the biosafety of terahertz rad.ation requires further exploration regard.ng its two-sid.d.efficacy in practical *** review d.monstrates that terahertz biotechnology has the potential to be a promising method.in the field.of neuropsychiatry based.on its unique ad.antages.

关键词： biological effect brain neuron neuropsychiatry neuroscience non-thermal effect terahertz imaging terahertz rad.ation terahertz spectroscopy terahertz technology