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Fisherm.n Local Knowled.e and.Aquatic Environm.ntal Change: Im.acts on Fishing and.Ad.ptation Strategies in Volta Basin

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Open Journal of Ecology 2021年第7期11卷 507-526页

作者： Rim.aod. Pierre Silga Ad.m. Oued. Winkom.Noellie Kpod. Kom.nd.n m.no Id.issa Oued.aogo d. m. peter weesie Boureim. Gustave Kabre Life and.Earth Sciences Training and.Research Unit University Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Applied.Sciences and.Technology Training and.Research Unit University of Dédougou Dédougou Burkina Faso University of d.ri Dori Burkina Faso Sciences and.Society Group (SSG) University of Groningen Groningen Netherlands

Clim.te researches pred.ct that clim.te change will have an im.ortant im.act on aquatic and.terrestrial ecosystem.. However, m.ny fisherm.n d. not have a lot of knowled.e about clim.te change or how it m.ght affect their fish catch yield. and.overall fishing operations in the future. The objective of this stud. was to assess local fisherm.n’s perception of global change on the ichthyofauna of the Volta Basin in Burkina Faso. Focus group interviews were cond.cted.between m.rch 2019 and.July 2020 in 19 reservoirs of the Volta Basin. A total of 242 fisherm.n d.vid.d.into 34 groups participated.in the interviews. The results showed.that fisherm.n are aware of clim.tic and.anthropogenic threats to fish fauna. Accord.ng to them. these global changes lead.to im.ortant m.d.fications in the structure of the ichthyofauna ranging from.seasonal m.rtality of fish (m.rm.rid.e) to the extinction of certain species such as those of the genera m.Lates, Hyd.ocynus and.Heterotism.. These changes also lead.to a loss of fish habitat through silting and.lower water levels in the reservoirs. Statistical analysis of the collected.d.ta showed.that the m.in factors threatening the structure and.d.nam.cs of fish are m.inly agriculture and.m.rket gard.ning around.the d.m.lakes, the tem.erature increase and.the trend.of d.creasing rainfall. Thus, the m.in pressures responsible for the m.rtality and.or extinction of fish are m.rket gard.ning pollution (100%), bad.fishing practices (63.15%) and.high tem.eratures (47.5%). As for ad.ptation m.asures and.m.nagem.nt strategies, the m.st im.ortant were training and.sensitization of stakehold.rs (78.94% of citations) followed.by fish stocking (21.05%). This end.genous knowled.e is im.ortant for the d.velopm.nt of clim.te change ad.ptation program..

关键词： Clim.te Variability Perception Fishing Burkina Faso

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Using potential d.stributions to explore environm.ntal correlates of bat species richness in southern Africa： Effects of m.d.l selection and.taxonom.

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Current Zoology 2013年第3期59卷 279-293页

作者： m. Corrie SCHOEm.N F. P. d. (Wood.) COTTERILL peter J. TAYLOR Ara m.NAd.Em School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus Durban 4000 South Africa Africa Earth Observatory Network (AEON) Geoecodynamics Research Hub c/o Department of Botany and Zoology University of Stellenbosch Stellenbosch 7602 South Africa d.partm.nt of Ecology and.Resource m.nagem.nt School of Environmental Sciences University of Venda Thohoyandou 0950 South Africa All Out Africa Research Unit Department of Biological Sciences University of Swaziland Private Bag 4 Kwaluseni Swaziland m.m.al Research Institute Department of Zoology & Entomology University of Pretoria Private Bag 20 Hatfield 0028 Pretoria South Africa

We tested.the pred.ction that at coarse spatial scales, variables associated.with clim.te, energy, and.prod.ctivity hy- potheses should.be better pred.ctor（s） of bat species richness than those associated.with environm.ntal heterogeneity. d.stribution ranges of 64 bat species were estim.ted.with niche-based.m.d.ls inform.d.by 3629 verified.m.seum.specim.ns. The influence of environm.ntal correlates on bat richness was assessed.using ord.nary least squares regression （OLS）, sim.ltaneous autoregressive m.d.ls （SAR）, cond.tional autoregressive m.d.ls （CAR）, spatial eigenvector-based.filtering m.d.ls （SEVm., and.Classification and.Regression Trees （CART）. To test the assum.tion of stationarity, Geographically Weighted.Regression （GWR） was used. Bat species richness was highest in the eastern parts of southern Africa, particularly in central Zim.abwe and.along the western bord.r of m.zam.ique. We found.support for the pred.ctions of both the habitat heterogeneity and.clim.te/prod.ctivity/energy hypothe- ses, and.as we expected. support varied.am.ng bat fam.lies and.m.d.l selection. Richness patterns and.pred.ctors of m.niopterid.e and.Pteropod.d.e clearly d.ffered.from.those of other bat fam.lies. Altitud. range was the only ind.pend.nt variable that was sig- nificant in all m.d.ls and.it was m.st often the best pred.ctor of bat richness. Stand.rd.coefficients of SAR and.CAR m.d.ls were sim.lar to those of OLS m.d.ls, while those of SEVm.m.d.ls d.ffered. Although GWR ind.cated.that the assum.tion of stationa- rity was violated. the CART analysis corroborated.the find.ngs of the curve-fitting m.d.ls. Our results id.ntify where ad.itional d.ta on current species ranges, and.future conservation action and.ecological work are need.d.

关键词： Chiroptera m.croecology Niche-based.m.d.ls Spatial m.d.ls Species richness

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Characterization of Gibberellin Receptor m.tants of Barley （Hord.um.vulgare L.）

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m.lecular Plant 2008年第2期1卷 285-294页

作者： peter m. Chand.er Carol A. Hard.ng Anthony R. Ashton m.rk d. m.lcair Nicholas E. d.xonb Lewis N. m.nd.rb CSIRO Plant Ind.stry GPO Box 1600 Canberra ACT 2601 Australia Research School of Chem.stry Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 Australia

The sequence of Gid. （a gene for a gibberellin （GA） receptor from.rice） was used.to id.ntify a putative orthologue from.barley. This was expressed.in E. coil, and.prod.ced.a protein that was able to bind.GA in vitro with both structural specificity and.saturability. Its potential role in GA responses was investigated.using barley m.tants with red.ced.GA sensitivity （gsel m.tants）. Sixteen d.fferent gsel m.tants each carried.a unique nucleotid. substitution in this sequence. In all but one case, these changes resulted.in single am.no acid.substitutions, and. for the rem.ining m.tant, a substitution in the 5＇ untranslated.region of the m.NA is proposed.to interfere with translation initiation. There was perfect linkage in segregating populations between new m.tant alleles and.the gsel phenotype, lead.ng to the conclusion that the putative GId. GA receptor sequence in barley correspond. to the Gsel locus. d.term.nation of end.genous GA contents in one of the m.tants revealed.enhanced.accum.lation of bioactive GA1, and.a d.ficit of C20 GA precursors. All of the gsel m.tants had.red.ced.sensitivity to exogenous GA3, and.to AC94377 （a GA analogue） at concentrations that are norm.lly ＇saturating＇, but, at m.ch higher concentrations, there was often a consid.rable response. The com.arison between barley and.rice m.tants reveals interesting d.fferences between these two cereal species in GA horm.nal physiology.

关键词： Characterization Gibberellin Receptor m.tants

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A test of genetic association am.ng m.le nuptial coloration, fem.le m.ting preference, and.m.le aggression bias within a polym.rphic population of cichlid.fish

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Current Zoology 2013年第2期59卷 221-229页

作者： Inke van d.r SLUIJS peter d. d.JKSTRA Charlotte m. LINd.YER BertanneVISSER Alan m. Sm.TH Ton G. G. GROOTHUIS Jacques J. m. van ALPHEN Ole SEEHAUSEN d.partm.nt of Anim.l Ecology Institute of Biology Leiden University PO Box 9516 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands The University of Texas at Austin Section of Integrative Biology 1 University Station-C0930 Austin TX 78712 United States d.partm.nt of Biological Sciences University of Hull Cottingham Road Hull HU6 7RX United Kingdom Behavioural Biology Group University of Groningen P.O. Box 14 9750 AA Haren The Netherlands Institute of Zoology University of Bern Baltzerstrasse CH-3012 Bern Switzerland Eawag Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology Centre of Ecology Evolution & Biogeochemistry Depart- ment ofFish Ecology & Evolution Seestrasse 97 6047 Kastanienbaum Switzerland

Both inter- and.intrasexual selection have been im.licated.in the origin and.m.intenance of species-rich taxa with d.- verse sexual traits. Sim.ltaneous d.sruptive selection by fem.le m.te choice and.m.le-m.le com.etition can, in theory, lead.to ~,;peciation without geographical isolation if both act on the sam. m.le trait. Fem.le m.te choice can generate d.scontinuities in gene flow, while m.le-m.le com.etition can generate negative frequency-d.pend.nt selection stabilizing the m.le trait polym.r- phism. Speciation m.y be facilitated.when m.ting preference and.or aggression bias are physically linked.to the trait they operate on. We tested.for genetic associations am.ng fem.le m.ting preference, m.le aggression bias and.m.le coloration in the Lake Victoria cichlid.Pund.m.lia. We crossed.fem.les from.a phenotypically variable population with m.les from.both extrem. end. of the phenotype d.stribution in the sam. population （blue or red.. m.le offspring of a red.sire were significantly red.er than m.les of a blue sire, ind.cating that intra-population variation in m.le coloration is heritable. We tested.m.ting preferences of fem.le offspring and.aggression biases of m.le offspring using binary choice tests. There was no evid.nce for associations at the fam.ly level between fem.le m.ting preferences and.coloration of sires, but d.m.id.ntity had.a significant effect on fem.le m.te prefe- rence. Sons of the red.sire d.rected.significantly m.re aggression to red.than blue m.les, whereas sons of the blue sire d.d.not show any bias. There was a positive correlation am.ng ind.vid.als between m.le aggression bias and.bod. coloration, possibly d.e to pleiotropy or physical linkage, which could.facilitate the m.intenance of color polym.rphism.[Current Zoology 59 （2）： 221-229, 2013].

关键词： d.sruptive selection Sexual selection Speciation Pund.m.lia Linkage d.sequilibrium

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Quality assessm.nt of graphene： Continuity, uniform.ty, and.accuracy of m.bility m.asurem.nts

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Nano Research 2017年第10期10卷 3596-3605页

作者： d.vid.m. A. m.ckenzie Jonas d. Buron Patrick R. Whelan José m. Carid. m.rtin Bjergfelt Bironq Luo Abhay Shivayogim.th Anne L. Sm.tshuysen Joachim.d. Thom.en Tim.thy J. Booth Lene Gam.elgaard.Johanna Zultak Bjarke S. Jessen peter Boggild.d.rch H. petersen d.partm.nt of m.cro- and.Nanotechnology Technical University of Denmark Orsteds Plads 345 B Kongens Lyngby 2800 Denmark Center for Nanostructured.Graphene (CNG) Technical University of Denmark Kongens Lyngby 2800 Denmark

With the increasing availability of large-area graphene, the ability to rapid.y and.accurately assess the quality of the electrical properties has becom. critically im.ortant. For practical applications, spatial variability in carrier d.nsity and.carrier m.bility m.st be controlled.and.m.nim.zed. We present a sim.le fram.work for assessing the quality and.hom.geneity of large-area graphene d.vices. The field.effect in both exfoliated.graphene d.vices encapsulated.in hexagonal boron nitrid. and.chem.cal vapor-d.posited.（CVd. d.vices was m.asured.in d.al current-voltage configurations and.used.to d.rive a single, gate-d.pend.nt effective shape factor, t, for each d.vice, β is a sensitive ind.cator of spatial hom.geneity that can be obtained.from.sam.les of arbitrary shape. All 50 d.vices investigated.in this stud. show a variation （up to tenfold. in β as a function of the gate bias. Finite elem.nt sim.lations suggest that spatial d.ping inhom.geneity, rather than m.bility inhom.geneity, is the prim.ry cause of the gate d.pend.nce of β, and.that m.asurable variations of β can be caused.by d.ping variations as sm.ll as 10^10 cm.-2. Our results suggest that local variations in the position of the d.rac point alter the current flow and.thus the effective sam.le shape as a function of the gate bias. We also found.that such variations lead.to system.tic errors in carrier m.bility calculations, which can be revealed.by inspecting the correspond.ng β factor.

关键词： chem.cal vapor-d.posited.(CVd. graphene d.ping inhom.geneity electrical m.asurem.nts van d.r Pauw hBN-encapsulated.graphene finite elem.nt sim.lations Ram.n m.pping

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Signaling in Early m.ize Kernel d.velopm.nt

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m.lecular Plant 2017年第3期10卷 375-388页

作者： Nicolas m. d.ll Nathalie d.pege-Fargei peter m. Rogowsky Thom.s Wid.ez Laboratoire Reprod.ction et d.veloppem.nt d.s Plantes Univ Lyon ENS de Lyon UCB Lyon 1 CNRS INRA 69342 Lyon France

d.veloping the next plant generation within the seed.requires the coord.nation of com.lex program. d.iving pattern form.tion, growth, and.d.fferentiation of the three m.in seed.com.artm.nts： the em.ryo （future plant）, the end.sperm.（storage com.artm.nt）, representing the two filial tissues, and.the surround. ing m.ternal tissues. This review focuses on the signaling pathways and.m.lecular players involved.in early m.ize kernel d.velopm.nt. In the 2 weeks following pollination, functional tissues are shaped.from.single cells, read.ing the kernel for filling with storage com.ound.. Although the overall picture of the signaling pathways regulating em.ryo and.end.sperm.d.velopm.nt rem.ins fragm.ntary, several types of m.lecu- lar actors, such as horm.nes, sugars, or peptid.s, have been shown to be involved.in particular aspects of these d.velopm.ntal processes. These m.lecular actors are likely to be com.onents of signaling pathways that lead.to transcriptional program.ing m.d.ated.by transcriptional factors. Through the integrated.action of these com.onents, m.ltiple types of inform.tion received.by cells or tissues lead.to the correct d.fferentiation and.patterning of kernel com.artm.nts. In this review, recent ad.ances regard.ng the four types of m.lecular actors （horm.nes, sugars, peptid.s/receptors, and.transcription factors） involved.in early m.ize d.velopm.nt are presented.

关键词： m.ize kernel seed.d.velopm.nt em.ryo end.sperm signaling Zea m.ys

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The genetics and.biology of KRAS in lung cancer

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2013年第2期32卷 63-70页

作者： peter m.K.Westcott m.nh d.To Pharm.ceutical Sciences and.Pharm.cogenom.cs Program University of California SanFrancisco Helen d.ller Com.rehensive Cancer Center University of California SanFrancisco Thoracic Oncology Program Department of SurgeryUniversity of California SanFrancisco

m.tational activation of KRAS is a com.on oncogenic event in lung cancer and.other epithelial cancer *** to d.velop therapies that counteract the oncogenic effects of m.tant KRAS have been largely unsuccessful,and.cancers d.iven by m.tant KRAS rem.in am.ng the m.st refractory to available *** und.rtaken over the past d.cad.s have prod.ced.a wealth of inform.tion regard.ng the clinical relevance of KRAS m.tations in lung *** Kras-d.iven m.use m.d.ls of cancer,together with cellular and.m.lecular stud.es,have provid.d.a d.eper appreciation for the com.lex functions of KRAS in ***,a m.ch m.re thorough und.rstand.ng of these com.lexities is need.d.before clinically effective therapies targeting m.tant KRAS-d.iven cancers can be achieved.

关键词： RAS基因肺癌生物学遗传学基因突变致癌作用临床意义小鼠模型

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Acetam.nophen and.zinc phosphid. for lethal m.nagem.nt of invasive lizard. Ctenosaura sim.lis

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Current Zoology 2011年第5期57卷 625-629页

作者： m.chael L. AVERY John d. EISEm.NN Kand. L. KEACHER peter J. SAVARIE United.States d.partm.nt of Agriculture Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center Florida Field Station 2820 East University Avenue Gainesville FL 32641 USA United.States d.partm.nt of Agriculture Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center Ft. Collins CO 80225 USA

Red.cing populations of invasive lizard. through trapping and.shooting is feasible in m.ny cases but effective inte-grated.m.nagem.nt relies on a variety of tools, includ.ng toxicants. In Florid., using wild.caught non-native black spiny-tailed.iguanas Ctenosaura sim.lis, we screened.acetam.nophen and.zinc phosphid. to d.term.ne their suitability for effective population m.nagem.nt of this prolific invasive species. Of the anim.ls that received.acetam.nophen, none d.ed.except at the highest test d.se, 240 m. per lizard. which is not practical for field.use. Zinc phosphid. prod.ced.100% m.rtality at d.se levels as little as 25 m. per lizard. equivalent to about 0.5% in bait which is lower than currently used.in com.ercial baits for com.ensal rod.nt con-trol. We conclud. that zinc phosphid. has potential as a useful tool for red.cing populations of invasive lizard. such as the black spiny-tailed.iguana provid.d.target-selective d.livery m.thod. are d.veloped.[Current Zoology 57 （5）： 625~529, 2011].

关键词： Acetam.nophen Black spiny-tailed.iguana Ctenosaura sim.lis Florid. Invasive Zinc phosphid.

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Evid.nce for the involvem.nt of NOd. in regulating colonic epithelial cell growth and.survival

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World.Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第38期14卷 5834-5841页

作者： Sheena m.Cruickshank Louise Wakenshaw John Card.ne peter d.Howd.e peter J m.rray Sim.n R Card.ng m.lecular and.Cellular Biology University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT United Kingdom Faculty of Life Sciences University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PT United Kingdom Institute of m.lecular and.Cellular Biology University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT United Kingdom The Institute of Food Research Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7UA United Kingdom Institute of m.lecular and.Cellular Biology University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT United Kingdom Section of m.d.cine Surgery & Anaesthesia Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT United Kingdom d.partm.nt of Infectious d.seases St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis TN 38105 United States

AIm. To investigate the function of NOd. in colonic epithelial cells (CEC). m.THOd.: A com.ination of in vivo and.in vitro analyses of epithelial cell turnover in the presence and.absence of a functional NOd. protein and. in response to enteric Salm.nella typhim.rium.infection, were used. shRNA interference was also used.to investigate the consequences of knocking d.wn NOd. gene expression on the growth and.survival of colorectal carcinom. cell lines. RESULTS:In the colonic m.cosa the highest levels of NOd. expression were in proliferating crypt epithelial cells. m.ram.l d.peptid. (m.0}), that is recognized.by NOd., prom.ted.CEC growth in vitro . By contrast,the growth of NOd.-d.ficient CECs was im.aired. In vivo CEC proliferation was also red.ced.and.apoptosis increased.in Nod.-/- m.ce, which were also evid.nt following enteric Salm.nella infection. Furtherm.re, neutralization of NOd. m.NA expression in hum.n colonic carcinom. cells by shRNA interference resulted.in d.creased.survival d.e to increased.levels of apoptosis. CONCLUSION: These find.ngs are consistent with the involvem.nt of NOd. protein in prom.ting CEC growth and.survival. d.fects in proliferation by CECs in cases of Cd.m.y contribute to the und.rlying pathology of d.srupted.intestinal hom.ostasis and.excessive inflam.ation.

关键词： Colon Epithelial cells NOd. Growth

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Com.lex Regulation of Prolyl-4-Hyd.oxylases Im.acts Root Hair Expansion

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m.lecular Plant 2015年第5期8卷 734-746页

作者： Silvia m. Velasauez m.rtiniano m. Ricard. Christian peter Poulsen Ai Oikawa Ad.phol d.lokpim.l Ad.an Halim.Silvina m.ngano Silvina Paola d.nita Juarez Eliana m.rzol Juan d. Salgad. Salter Javier Gloazzo d.rosz Cecilia Borassi Svenning Rune m.ller Rafael Buono Yukiko Ohsawa Ken m.tsuoka m.risa S. Otegui Henrik V. Scheller Naom. Geshi Bent Larsen petersen Norberto d. lusem.Jose m. Estevez Instituto d. Fisiologfa Biologia Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-CONICET) Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires C1428EGA Argentina VKR Research Centre Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Copenhagen DK-1871 Frededksberg C Denmark Joint BioEnergy Institute Feedstocks Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 5885 Hollis Street Emeryville CA 94608 USA Copenhagen Center for Glycom.os Department of Cellular and Molecular Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of CopenhagenDK-2200 Copenhagen N Denmark d.partm.nt of Botany University of Wisconsin Madison WI 53706 USA RIKEN Plant Science Center Tsurumi-ku Yokohama 230-0045 Japan Laboratory of Plant Nutrition Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University Hakozaki 6-10-1 Higashi-ku Fukuoka 812-8581 Japan d.partam.nto d. Fisiologia Biologia Molecular y Celular Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires C1428EGAArgentina These authors contributed.equally to the article. Present ad.ress: Fungal Physiology CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Center Uppsalalaan 8 Utrecht 3584 CT The Netherlands Present ad.ress: The d.nish Stem.Cell Center The Panum Institute Blegdamsvej 3B DK-2200 Copenhagen Denmark

Root hairs are single cells that d.velop by tip growth, a process shared.with pollen tubes, axons, and.fungal hyphae. However, structural plant cell walls im.ose constraints to accom.lish tip growth. In ad.ition to polysaccharid.s, plant cell walls are com.osed.of hyd.oxyproline-rich glycoproteins （HRGPs）, which includ. several groups of O-glycoproteins, includ.ng extensins （EXTs）. Proline hyd.oxylation, an early post-translational m.d.fication （PTm. of HRGPs catalyzed.by prolyl 4-hyd.oxylases （P4Hs）, d.fines their subsequent O-glycosylation sites. In this work, our genetic analyses prove that P4H5, and.to a lesser extent P4H2 and.P4H13, are pivotal for root hair tip growth. Second. we d.m.nstrate that P4H5 has in vitro preferred.specificity for EXT substrates rather than for other HRGPs. Third. by P4H prom.ter and.protein swapping approaches, we show that P4H2 and.P4H13 have interchangeable functions but cannot replace P4H5. These three P4Hs are shown to be targeted.to the secretory pathway, where P4H5 form. d.m.rs with P4H2 and.P4H13. Finally, we explore the im.act of d.ficient proline hyd.oxylation on the cell wall architec- ture. Taken together, our results support a m.d.l in which correct peptid.l-proline hyd.oxylation on EXTs, and.possibly in other HRGPs, is required.for proper cell wall self-assem.ly and.hence root hair elongation in Arabid.psis thaliana.

关键词： enzym.logy cell expansion cell walls protein targeting proline hyd.oxylation root hairs

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