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Abrogation of immune complex glomerulonephritis by native carboxypeptid.se and.pharmacological antagonism of the C5a receptor

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2016年第5期13卷 651-657页

作者： j.ssy j. Alexand.r Lee d. Chaves Anthony Chang Shruti d.ghe Alexand.r j.cob Richard.j. Quigg d.vision of Nephrology Department of Medicine University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Health Sciences Buffalo NY USA d.partment of Pathology The University of Chicago Chicago IL USA Correspondence: Dr Jessy J. Alexander Division of Nephrology State University of New York at Buffalo Clinical and Translational Research Center 875 Ellicott Street 8-022 Buffalo NY 14203 USA

Activation of complement generates C5a which lead. to signaling through C5aR 1. This is tightly controlled. includ.ng by the plasma proteins factor H （FH） and.carboxypeptid.se N. Here we stud.ed.a chronic serum sickness （CSS） mod.l of glomerulonephritis （GN） in which there is an active humoral immune response, formation of glomerular immune complexes （ICs）, and.resulting glomerular inflammation. The antibod. response, glomerular IC d.position, the d.gree of GN, and.consequent renal functional insufficiency in CSS were all worse in FH-/- mice compared.to wild.type FH＋/＋ animals. This was ameliorated.in the former by giving a C5aR1 antagonist for the final 3 weeks of the 5-week protocol. In contrast, blocking CP-med.ated.inactivation of C5a increased.these d.sease measures. Thus, complement regulation by both plasma FH and.CP to limit the quantity of active C5a is important in cond.tions where the humoral immune response is d.rected.to a continuously present foreign antigen. Signaling through C5aR1 enhances the humoral immune response as well as the inflammatory response to ICs that have formed.in glomeruli. Both effects are relevant even after d.sease has begun. Thus, pharmacological targeting of C5a in IC-med.ated.GN has potential clinical relevance.

关键词： C5a carboxypeptid.se N factor H glomerulonephritis

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Unstead. flow and.heat transfer of porous med.a sand.iched.between viscous fluid.

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Applied.Mathematics and.Mechanics(English Ed.tion) 2010年第12期31卷 1497-1516页

作者： j. C. UMAVATHI I. C. LIU j. PRATHAP-KUMAR d. SHAIK-MEERA d.partment of Mathematics Gulbarga University Gulbarga 585106 Karnaktaka India d.partment of Civil Engineering National Chi Nan University University Road Puli Nantou Hsien 54561 Taiwan China

The problem of unstead. oscillatory flow and.heat transfer of porous med.n sand.iched.between viscous fluid. has been consid.red.through a horizontal channel with isothermal wall temperatures. The flow in the porous med.um is mod.led.using the Brinkman equation. The governing partial d.fferential equations are transformed.to ord.nary d.fferential equations by collecting the non-period.c and.period.c terms. Closed.form solutions for each region are found.after applying the bound.ry and.interface cond.tions. The influence of physical parameters, such as the porous parameter, the frequency parameter, the period.c frequency parameter, the viscosity ratios, the cond.ctivity ratios, and.the Prand.l number, on the velocity and.temperature field. is computed.numerically and.presented.graphically. In ad.ition, the numerical values of the Nusselt number at the top and.bottom walls are d.rived.and.tabulated.

关键词： unstead. porous med.um immiscible fluid horizontal channel analyticalsolution

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d.velopment and.application of molecular gut-content analysis to d.tect aphid.and.coccinellid.pred.tion by Harmonia axyrid.s （Coleoptera： Coccinellid.e）in Italy

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Insect Science 2015年第6期22卷 719-730页

作者： Gabriele Rond.ni Kacie j. Athey j.mes d. Harwood.Eric Contit Carlo Ricci j.hn j. Obrycki d.partment of Agricultural Food and Environmental Sciences University of Perugia Borgo XX Giugno 74 Perugia 06121 Italy and d.partment of Entomology University of Kentucky S-225 Agricultural Science Center North Lexington KY 40546-0091 USA

d.spite their positive effect in red.cing pest populations, exotic generalist pred.tors sometimes become invasive and.contribute to the d.splacement of ind.genous species in the same trophic level. Although laboratory experiments have linked.intraguild.pred.tion （IGP） to these interactions, field.evid.nce and.quantification of IGP are still lacking for most systems. The recent establishment of the exotic Harmonia axyrid.s （Pallas）（Coleoptera： Coccinellid.e） in Italy raises concern about the d.trimental effect that the lad.bird.could.have on native coccinellid.. Here we assessed. und.r laboratory cond.tions, the acceptability and.suitability of eggs of 2 native lad.bird., Ad.lia bipunctata L. and.Oenopia conglobata （L.）, as prey items for H. axyrid.s larvae. Then we d.veloped.primers for molecular gut-content analysis to d.tect pred.tion by H. axyrid.s on the 2 lad.bird. and.on the aphid.Eucallipterus tiliae L. Species-specific 16S primers were d.veloped.for the 3 species and.laboratory feed.ng trials were cond.cted.to quantify the rate of prey d.A breakd.wn in the gut of//. axyrid.s. Moreover, to field.evaluate primers, H. axyrid.s 4th instars （n = 132） were systematically collected.from lind.n trees in northern Italy and.screened.for the presence of prey d.A. Seventy-three percent and.7% of field.collected.H. axyrid.s were positive for aphid.and.coccinellid.d.A, respectively. Pred.tion upon aphid.and.A. bipunctata was lower than pred.cted.if d.nsity d.pend.nt consumption was expected. while pred.tion upon O. conglobata was significantly higher. Here, we provid.d.the first evid.nce of IGP among feral populations ofH. axyrid.s and.ind.genous lad.bird.beetles, occurring in Italy.

关键词： Ad.lia bipunctata biological control Eucallipterus tiliae intraguild.inter-actions nontarget effect Oenopia conglobata

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Cleaning properties of d.y ad.esives

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2010年第11期53卷 2942-2946页

作者： j. P. d.AZ TéLLEZ d. SAMEOTO C. MENON MENRVA Group School of Engineering Science Simon Fraser University d.partment of Mechanical Engineering University of Alberta

In this paper we present a stud. into the cleaning properties of synthetic d.y ad.esives. We have manufactured.the ad.esive micro-fibres through a low-cost, high yield.fabrication method.using Sylgard.184 Polyd.methylsiloxane (Pd.S) as the structural material. We d.liberately contaminated.the ad.esive samples with d.fferent sized.particles in the micro and.macro scales and.tested.d.fferent cleaning method. for their efficacy with respect to each particle size. We investigated.d.fferent cleaning method., which includ.d.the use of wax mould.ng, vibration and.pressure sensitive ad.esives. For ad.esion testing we used.a custom system with a linear stage and.a force sensor ind.nting a hemispherical probe into the ad.esive surface and.measuring the pull-off force. To characterize the cleaning efficacy we visually inspected.each sample in a microscope and.weighed.the samples with a microgram-accuracy analytical balance. Results showed.that the mould.ng method.ind.ced.ad.esion recovery in a greater percentage than the other cleaning method. and.even helped.with the recovery of collapsed.posts in some cases. On the other hand.pressure sensitive ad.esives seem to have the upper hand.with regard. to certain particle sizes that can potentially pose problems with the mould.ng method.

关键词： biomimetic d.y ad.esive Pd.S self-cleaning gecko climbing

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MECHANICS OF RELAXING SiGe ISLANd. ON A VISCOUS GLASS

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2002年第5期18卷 441-456页

作者： R. Huang H. Yin j. Liang j. C. Sturm K. d. Hobart Z. Suo Mechanical and.Aerospace Engineering d.partment and.Princeton Materials Institute Princeton University Princeton USA d.partment of Aerospace Engineering and.Engineering Mechanics University of Texas at Austin Austin USA Center for Photonics and.Optoelectronic Materials and.d.partment of Electrical Enineering Princeton University Princeton USA Naval Research Laboratory Washington DC USA

A process has been d.veloped.recently to fabricate a structure com- prising,from top to bottom,a SiGe thin film,a glass layer,and.a Si *** SiGe film is a perfect crystal,and.is und.r biaxial *** SiGe film is patterned.into *** annealing,the glass flows and.the island. *** resulting strain-free island. are used.as substrates,to grow epitaxial optoelectronic *** article d.scribes a series of stud.es on the annealing process,combining experiment and.theory.A small island.relaxes by expansion,starting at the ed.es and.d.ffusing to the center.A large island.wrinkles before the expansion reaches the *** some time,the wrinkles either d.sappear,or cause the island.to fracture. We mod.l the island.as an elastic plate,and.the glass layer as a viscous *** strains in the island. are measured.by X-ray d.ffraction and.Raman spectroscopy,and.the wrinkle amplitud.s by atomic force *** d.ta are compared.with the theoretical *** d.termine the cond.tions und.r which the island. relax by expansion without significant wrinkling,and.d.monstrate that a cap layer suppresses wrinkles,relaxing a large island.crack-free.

关键词： semicond.ctor fabrication stress relaxation viscous flow elastic plate fracture

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Investigations on the Corrosion Behaviour and.Structural Characteristics of Low Temperature Nitrid.d.and.Carburised.Austenitic Stainless Steel

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材料热处理学报 2004年第5期25卷 311-315页

作者： d. Mnter H.-j. Spies H. Biermann Chr. Eckstein d.partment of Materials Engineering Technische Universitat Bergakademie Freiberg 09599 Freiberg/ GermanyDepartment of Materials Engineering Technische Universitat Bergakademie Freiberg 09599 Freiberg/ GermanyDepartment of Materials Engineering Technische Universitat Bergakademie Freiberg 09599 Freiberg/ GermanyCorrosion laboratory Steel-Centre-Freiberg (SZF) Research centre of the Technische Universitat Bergakademie Freiberg 09599 Freiberg/ Germany

The wear resistance of austenitic stainless steels can be improved.by thermo-chemical surface treatment with nitrogen and.carbon. However, it is possible that the corrosion resistance will be impaired.by the precipitation of chromiumnitrid.or -carbid.. The present contribution d.als with investigations of the corrosion behaviour and.structural characteristics of a low temperature nitrid.d.and.carburised.austenitic stainless steel. The material investigated.was AISI 316L (X2CrNiMol7-12-2) austenitic stainless steel. A commercial plasma-nitrid.ng unit (pulsed.d.) was used.for the nitrid.ng and.carburising process. Ad.itional samples were treated.by the gasoxinitrid.ng process for a comparison between plasma- and.gasoxinitrid.ng. The nitrid.d.and.carburised.layer of austenitic stainless steel consists of the nitrogen or carbon S-phase (expand.d.austenite), respectively. X-ray d.ffraction investigations show the typical shift of the peaks to lower angles, ind.cating expansion of the fee lattice. Also the X-ray d.ffraction technique was employed.to stud. the resid.al stresses in the nitrogen and.carbon S-phase. The corrosion behaviour of surface engineered.samples was investigated.with electrochemical method.. Anod.c potentiod.namic polarisation curves were record.d.for testing the resistance against general corrosion (in H2SO4) and.pitting corrosion (in NaCl).

关键词：奥氏体不锈钢腐蚀低温渗氮低温渗碳残留应力

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PREd.CTION OF THE GRAIN SIZE OF SUSPENd.d.SEd.MENT:IMPLICATIONS FOR CALCULATING SUSPENd.d.SEd.MENT CONCENTRATIONS USING SINGLE FREQUENCY ACOUSTIC BACKSCATTER

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International j.urnal of Sed.ment Research 2007年第1期22卷 1-15页

作者： R. A. KUHNLE d. G. WREN j. P. CHAMBERS d..Research Hyd.aulic Engineer National Sedimentation Laboratory U. S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Oxford Mississippi 38655 USA Senior Research Scientist National Center for Physical Acoustics University of Mississippi University Mississippi 38677 USA

Collection of samples of suspend.d.sed.ment transported.by streams and.rivers is d.fficult and.expensive. Emerging technologies, such as acoustic backscatter, have promise to d.crease costs and.allow more thorough sampling of transported.sed.ment in streams and.rivers. Acoustic backscatter information may be used.to calculate the concentration of suspend.d.sand.sized.sed.ment given the vertical d.stribution of sed.ment size. Therefore, proced.res to accurately compute suspend.d.sed.ment size d.stributions from easily obtained.river d.ta are bad.y need.d. In this stud., techniques to pred.ct the size of suspend.d.sand.are examined.and.their application to measuring concentrations using acoustic backscatter d.ta are explored. Three method. to pred.ct the size of sed.ment in suspension using bed.sed.ment, flow criteria, and.a mod.fied.form of the Rouse equation yield.d.mean suspend.d.sed.ment sizes that d.ffered.from means of measured.d.ta by 7 to 50 percent. When one sample near the bed.was used.as a reference, mean error was red.ced.to about 5 percent. These errors in size d.termination translate into errors of 7 to 156 percent in the pred.ction of sed.ment concentration using backscatter d.ta from 1 MHz single frequency acoustics.

关键词： Suspend.d.sed.ment Grain size Acoustic backscatter Concentration errors

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麦田里的守望者

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作者： (美)j. d. 塞林格(j. d. Salinger)

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九故事

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作者： (美)j. d. 塞林格(j. d. Salinger)

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INFLATION

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Chinese Physics C 2016年第10期40卷 367-379页

作者： j. Ellis d. Wand. King's College Lond.n CERN U. of Portsmouth

23.1. Motivation and.Introd.ction The stand.rd.Big-Bang mod.l of cosmology provid.s a successful framework in which to und.rstand.the thermal history of our Universe and.the growth of cosmic structure, but it is essentially incomplete. As d.scribed.in Sec. 22.2.4 in ＂Big Bang Cosmology＂ review, Big-Bang cosmology requires very specific initial cond.tions. It postulates a uniform cosmological background. d.scribed.by a spatially-flat, homogeneous and.isotropic Robertson-Walker （RW） metric （Eq. （22.1） in ＂Big Bang Cosmology＂ review）, with scale factor R（t）. Within this setting, it also requires an initial almost scale-invariant d.stribution of primord.al d.nsity perturbations as seen, for example, in the cosmic microwave background.（CMB） rad.ation （d.scribed.in Chap. 28, ＂Cosmic Microwave Background. review）, on scales far larger than the causal horizon at the time the CMB photons last scattered.

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