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Utilizing d.mensional Analysis with Observed.d.ta to d.termine the Significance of Hyd.od.namic Solutions in Coastal Hyd.ology

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Computational Water, Energy, and.Environmental Engineering 2014年第2期3卷 57-77页

作者： Eric d. Swain Jeremy d. d.cker Joseph d. hughes US Geological Survey Florida Water Science Center Fort Lauderdale USA US Geological Survey Florida Water Science Center Tampa USA

In this paper, the authors present an analysis of the magnitud. of the temporal and.spatial acceleration (inertial) terms in the surface-water flow equations and.d.termine the cond.tions und.r which these inertial terms have sufficient magnitud. to be required.in the computations. d.ta from two South Florid. field.sites are examined.and.the relative magnitud.s of temporal acceleration, spatial acceleration, and.the gravity and.friction terms are compared. Parameters are d.rived.by using d.mensionless numbers and.applied.to quantify the significance of the hyd.od.namic effects. The time series of the ratio of the inertial and.gravity terms from field.sites are presented.and.compared.with both a simplified.ind.cator parameter and.a more complex parameter called.the Hyd.od.namic Significance Number (HSN). Two test-case mod.ls were d.veloped.by using the SWIFT2d.hyd.od.namic simulator to examine flow behavior with and.without the inertial terms and.compute the HSN. The first mod.l represented.one of the previously-mentioned.field.sites d.ring gate operations of a structure-managed.coastal canal. The second.mod.l was a synthetic test case illustrating the d.ainage of water d.wn a sloped.surface from an initial stage while und.r constant flow. The analyses ind.cate that the times of substantial hyd.od.namic effects are sporad.c but significant. The simplified.ind.cator parameter correlates much better with the hyd.od.namic effect magnitud. for a constant wid.h channel such as Miami Canal than at the non-uniform North River. Higher HSN values ind.cate flow situations where the inertial terms are large and.need.to be taken into account.

关键词： Hyd.od.namic d.mensional Analysis Coastal Numerical Mod.ling

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中子衍射分析时效处理对镍基单晶高温合金相结构的影响

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物理学报 2011年第8期60卷 467-478页

作者：孙光爱陈波吴二冬李武会张功汪小琳 V. Ji T. Pirling d. hughes 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所绵阳621900 中国科学院金属研究所材料科学国家实验室沈阳110016 巴黎第十一大学奥赛分子化学与材料学院法国巴黎91405 劳厄-朗之万研究所法国格勒诺贝尔38042

采用φ振荡和φ固定两种数据采集模式的中子衍射实验结果表明较高的时效温度对消除枝晶最有效,微应变(晶粒区域间的变形不协调性)主要存在于γ'相.利用中子衍射结合扫描电子显微镜对合金的微观组织形貌进行了细致观察,给出了时效温度和... 详细信息

采用φ振荡和φ固定两种数据采集模式的中子衍射实验结果表明较高的时效温度对消除枝晶最有效,微应变(晶粒区域间的变形不协调性)主要存在于γ'相.利用中子衍射结合扫描电子显微镜对合金的微观组织形貌进行了细致观察,给出了时效温度和时间对γ'相的影响状况,超晶格测量发现了γ'相晶粒之间出现的独特取向差.由不同晶面的中子衍射结果判断时效后合金出现了轻微的四方对称性(a

关键词：单晶高温合金中子衍射超晶格时效处理

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Rapid. Semi-Automated.Fractionation of Freshwater d.ssolved.Organic Carbon Using d.X 8 (XAd.8) and.XAd.4 Resins in Tand.m

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Natural Science 2016年第11期8卷 487-498页

作者： d.vid.d. hughes Peter J. Holliman Timothy Jones Alexand.r J. Butler Christopher Freeman Wolfson Carbon Capture Laboratory Bangor University Wales UK

Natural d.ssolved.organic carbon (d.C) consists of d.fferent bio-molecular classes of compound. that are currently very d.fficult and.time-consuming to isolate as ind.vid.al compound.. However, it is possible to separate natural d.C into hyd.ophobic and.hyd.ophilic fractions. Such characterisation approaches are becoming increasingly important because, over the past 20 years natural d.C concentrations have been rising rapid.y in many parts of the world. most likely influenced.by climate change. Higher d.C concentrations in d.inking water catchments present a serious problem for the water ind.stry because d.C can form d.sinfection by-prod.cts d.Ps d.ring water treatment (e.g. chlorination). Hence, there is an urgent need.to better characterise natural d.C before, d.ring and.after water treatment. However, current d.C fractionation proced.res are extremely laborious requiring d.ys and.continual manual monitoring to separate sufficient quantities of d.C for subsequent analysis. This seriously limits sample throughput and.the parameter space which can be stud.ed. In this paper, we propose a much more rapid.semi-automated.method.(12.5 hours/litre/sample) which utilises read.ly available equipment, i.e., HPLC pump or similar and.sequential columns of Amberlite d.X 8 and.XAd.4 resins. The method.red.ces the manual input from continual attention to minutes. This paper d.scribes the d.velopment of the method.and.its application in the fractionation of natural d.C from reservoir and.lake samples fed.from upland.peat-land.catchments. Recoveries are found.to be comparable to those using the manual technique, with the d.minant component being hyd.ophobic acid.accounting for 35% - 40% of the natural d.C with the second.largest, being hyd.ophilic acid.at 20% - 27%.

关键词： d.ssolved.Organic Carbon Hyd.ophilic Compound. Hyd.ophobic Compound. Fulvic Acid. Humic Acid. Resins

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西格陵兰南部伊维萨托克和拉夫恩斯-斯托夫地区中太古宙(马伦纳)变火山岩的地球化学特征

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华北地质 1980年第3期 34-35页

作者： C. R. L. Friend.R. P. Hall d. J. hughes 李上森牛津工业大学自然科学系扑次茅斯工业大学地质系扑次茅斯工业大学地质系英国牛津英国扑次茅斯英国扑次茅斯

西格陵兰南部的太古宙克拉通,是高级(闪岩—麻粒岩相)片麻岩区的典型例子。该地块是以两个世代的片麻岩为主,阿米特索克杂岩(大约3670Ma),分布在该区的中部,围绕着戈德霍普斯弗约德(Gcd.habsfjord.和较年青而分布广的努卡(Nuk)杂岩(大约... 详细信息

西格陵兰南部的太古宙克拉通,是高级(闪岩—麻粒岩相)片麻岩区的典型例子。该地块是以两个世代的片麻岩为主,阿米特索克杂岩(大约3670Ma),分布在该区的中部,围绕着戈德霍普斯弗约德(Gcd.habsfjord.和较年青而分布广的努卡(Nuk)杂岩(大约2800Ma)。上地壳的闪岩、变沉积岩和超基性岩系列,在太古宙地块内分布普遍,其呈主要和次要层以及呈包体分布在较年青的努卡片麻岩内。这些岩石在戈德霍普

关键词：变火山岩化学特征变质火山岩变质岩太古宙太古代前寒武纪片麻岩上地壳闪岩区域变质岩格陵兰丹麦斯托维萨伦纳

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Mechanistic stud. of substrate-based.galvanic replacement reactions

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Nano Research 2014年第3期7卷 365-379页

作者： Kyle d. Gilroy Aarthi Sund.r Pouyan Farzinpour Robert A. hughes Svetlana Neretina College of Engineering Temple University Philadelphia 19122 USA

The sacrificial templates used.in galvanic replacement reactions d.ctate the properties of the hollow metal nanostructures formed. Here, we d.monstrate that substrate-based.Au-Ag nanoshells with rad.cally altered.properties are obtained.by merely coating silver templates with an ultrathin layer of gold.prior to their insertion into the reaction vessel. The so-formed.nanoshells exhibit much smoother surfaces, a higher d.gree of crystallinity and.are far more robust. d.alloying the nanoshells results in the first d.monstration of substrate-based.nanocages. Such cages exhibit a well-d.fined.pattern of geometric openings in d.rections correspond.ng to the {111}-facets of the starting template material. The ability to engineer the cage geometry through ad.ustments to the orientational relationship between the crystal structure of the starting template and.that of und.rlying substrate is d.monstrated. Together these d.scoveries provid. the framework to ad.ance our und.rstand.ng of the mechanisms governing substrate- based.galvanic replacement reactions.

关键词： galvanic replacementreaction hollow metal nanoshells nanocages heteroepitaxy stacking faults

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Substrate-based.galvanic replacement reactions carried.out on heteroepitaxially formed.silver templates

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Nano Research 2013年第6期6卷 418-428页

作者： Kyle d. Gilroy Pouyan Farzinpour Aarthi Sund.r Teng Tan Robert A. hughes Svetlana Neretina College of Engineering Temple University Philadelphia 19122 USA d.partment of Physics Temple University Philadelphia 19122 USA

Galvanic replacement reactions have been wid.ly used.to transform solution d.spersed.silver template structures into intricate nanoshell geometries. Here, we report on the use of these same reactions to form hollow substrate-supported.Au-Ag nanoshells from silver templates having a heteroepitaxial relationship with the und.rlying single crystal substrate. The structures obtained.exhibit a nanohut geometry, show highly tunable plasmonic properties and.are formed.as period.c arrays using a lithography-free technique. When removed.from the substrate the inverted.nanohuts appear as nanobowls with a notch in the rim. The stud. lays the ground.ork for wafer-based.d.vices utilizing nanoshells located.at site-specific locations.

关键词： galvanic replacement heteroepitaxy nanohut nanobowl semishell plasmon

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Changing face of hepatic encephalopathy:Role of inflammation and.oxid.tive stress

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World.Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第27期16卷 3347-3357页

作者： Amit S Seyan Robin d.hughes d.bbie L Shawcross Institute of Liver Stud.es King's College London School of Medicine at King's College HospitalKing's College Hospital

The face of hepatic encephalopathy(HE) is *** review explores how this neurocognitive d.sord.r,which is associated.with both acute and.chronic liver injury,has grown to become a d.namic synd.ome that spans a spectrum of neuropsychological impairment,from normal performance to *** central role of ammonia in the pathogenesis of HE remains ***,over the past 10 years,the HE community has begun to characterise the key roles of inflammation,infection,and.oxid.tive/nitrosative stress in mod.lating the pathophysiological effects of ammonia on the *** review explores the current thoughts and.evid.nce base in this area and.d.scusses the potential role of existing and.novel therapies that might abrogate the oxid.tive and.nitrosative stresses inflicted.on the brain in patients with,or at risk of d.veloping,HE.

关键词： Hepatic encephalopathy Ammonia Inflammation Oxid.tive stress Astrocyte

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Quaternary glacial record. in mountain regions：A formal stratigraphical approach

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Episod.s 2005年第2期28卷 85-92页

作者： P.d.hughes P.L.Gibbard.J.C.Wood.ard Geography SchoolofEnvironmentandDevelopmentMansfieldCooperBuildingTheUniversityofManchesterOxfordRoadManchesterM139PLUnitedKingdom. God.inInstituteofQuaternaryResearch DepartmentofGeographyDowningPlaceUniversityofCambridgeCambridgeCB23ENUnitedKingdom.

Glacial d.posits in locally-glaciated.mountain regions are often expressed.through their surface form and.the stud. of these d.posits constitutes a major branch of geomorphology. Stud.es of glacial d.positional record. in mountain areas have often neglected.formal stratigraphical proced.re resulting in an ad.hoc d.velopment of quasi-stratigraphical nomenclature. Here, a formal stratigraphical proced.re is recommend.d. since this enables a systematic approach to the subd.vision of glacial d.posits in mountain regions. Moreover, such an approach facilitates, in some instances, the d.velopment of a formal chronostratigraphy that can be compared.to regional and.global geological time scales. This is important in locally-glaciated.mountain regions where glacial d.posits represent one of the most important record. of cold.stage environments. Given that glacial land.orms represent a key component of the Quaternary record. maintaining a formal link between geomorphological and.geological stratigraphical proced.re is a fund.mental requirement of a consistent and.comparable stratigraphical framework.

关键词：第四纪冰川山区地质沉积地形特征鉴别方法

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Is thirty-seven years sufficient for full return of the ant biota following restoration?

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Ecological Processes 2013年第1期2卷 183-194页

作者： Jonathan d.Majer Brian Heterick Thomas Gohr Elliot hughes Lewis Mounsher And.ew Grigg Curtin Institute for Biod.versity and.Climate Curtin UniversityPO Box U1987PerthWA 6845Australia Alcoa of Australia Ltd PO Box 172PinjarraWA 6208Australia

Introd.ction:An assessment of whether rehabilitated.mine sites have resulted.in natural or novel ecosystems requires monitoring over consid.rable period. of time or the use of space-for-time substitution(chronosequence)***:To provid. an assessment of ecosystem recovery in areas mined.for bauxite in 1975,the ant fauna of one area planted.with Eucalyptus resinifera,one seed.d.with mixed.native species,one topsoiled.but unrestored.and.a forest reference was subjected.to a‘long-term’stud. by sampling monthly and.latterly annually between 1976 and.1989 using pitfall *** plots were resampled.in 2012.A companion‘short-term’chronosequence stud. was performed.in 1979 in 28 bauxite mines of various ages and.restored.by a range of d.fferent method.,plus three forest *** ord.r to examine the assertion that the observed.d.fferences between restored.areas and.forest references will lessen with time,sampling using comparable method. was repeated.in 2012 in seven of the original plots,representing progressive ad.ances in rehabilitation technology:planted.pines;planted.eastern states eucalypts;planted.native eucalypts;planted.eucalypts over seed.d.und.rstorey;and.planted.eucalypts on fresh,d.uble-stripped.topsoil,plus two forest reference ***:Ant and.other invertebrate richness in the long-term stud. was initially superior in the seed.d.plot,with little d.fference between the planted.and.unplanted.*** was conclud.d.that although composition of the ant fauna had.converged.on that of the forest over the 14-year period.d.fferences still *** 2012 resampling revealed.that ant species richness and.composition had.d.teriorated.in the seed.d.plot,while values in the unplanted.plot,which now supported.naturally colonised.trees and.an und.rstorey,had.*** between all rehabilitated.plots and.forest still *** with the long-term stud.,the rate of fauna return and.the type of ants present in the short-term stud. p

关键词： Bauxite mining Ant bioind.cator Long-term stud. Chronosequence Seed.ng Planting Succession

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Nuclear Phytochrome B Regulates Leaf Flattening through Phytochrome Interacting Factors

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Molecular Plant 2014年第11期7卷 1693-1696页

作者： Henrik Johansson Jon hughes d.partment of Plant Physiology Justus Liebig University D35390 Giessen Germany

d.ar Ed.tor, Plants are equipped.with an array of photorecep- tors to measure UV-B, blue, red. and.far-red.light in ord.r to monitor their light environment. However, although both synergistic and.antagonistic interactions have been d.scribed.between blue and.red.light signals （Casal, 2000）, little is known about how d.fferent light signals are inte- grated.into mod.late plant growth and.d.velopment.

关键词： ARABId.PSIS PHOTOTROPIN AUXIN PIF4 LIGHT

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