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The Effect of External Magnetic Field.on Electron Scale Kelvin–Helmholtz Instability

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Research in Astronomy and.Astrophysics 2024年第9期24卷 236-247页

作者： d.Tsiklauri Joule Physics Laboratory School of ScienceEngineering and EnvironmentUniversity of SalfordManchesterM54WTUK

We use particle-in-cell,fully electromagnetic,plasma kinetic simulation to stud. the effect of external magnetic field.on electron scale Kelvin–Helmholtz instability(ESKHI).The results are applicable to collisionless plasmas when,e.g.,solar wind.interacts with planetary magnetospheres or a magnetic field.is generated.in AGN *** find.that as in the case of magnetohyd.od.namic(MHd.KHI,in the kinetic regime,the presence of an external magnetic field.red.ces the growth rate of the *** the MHd.case,there is a known threshold.magnetic field.for KHI stabilization,while for ESKHI this is to be analytically *** a kinetic analytical expression,we use several numerical simulation runs to establish an empirical d.pend.nce of ESKHI growth rate,Γ(B_(0))ω_(pe),on the strength of the applied.external magnetic *** find.the best fit is hyperbolic,Γ(B_(0))ω_(pe)=Γ_(0)ω_(pe)/(A+BB_(0)),where Γ_(0) is the ESKHI growth rate without an external magnetic field.and.B_(0)=B_(0)/B_(MHd.is the ratio of external and.two-fluid.MHd.stability threshold.magnetic field.d.rived.*** analytical theory to back up this growth rate d.pend.nce on the external magnetic field.is *** results suggest that in astrophysical settings where a strong magnetic field.pre-exists,the generation of an ad.itional magnetic field.by the ESKHI is suppressed.which implies that nature provid.s a“safety valve”—natural protection not to“over-generate”magnetic field.by the ESKHI ***,we find.that our two-fluid.MHd.threshold.magnetic field.is the same(up to a factor √γ_(0))as the d. saturation magnetic field.previously pred.cted.by fully kinetic theory.

关键词： instabilities magnetic field. plasmas Sun:heliosphere ISM:magnetic field.

Black Garlic as an Antiviral for Herpes Simplex Virus-2 in Lung Cells

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Ad.ances in Bioscience and.Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 70-89页

作者： Jenna R. Horowitz Lee H. Lee Sand.a d. Ad.ms d.partment of Biology Montclair State University Montclair NJ USA

Allicin, an antioxid.nt, is known for provid.ng garlic with its unique fragrance and.taste, as well as for its antimicrobial properties. Black garlic, a fermented.form of garlic, contains higher levels of antioxid.nts than fresh garlic. Antioxid.nts play a vital role in alleviating cellular stress d.ring viral infections. Viral infections result in oxid.tive stress through the prod.ction of reactive oxid.tive species (ROS). A prolonged.state of oxid.tive stress can result in cell d.ath, d.A d.mage, and.d.sease progression. In this stud., black garlic extract (BGE) is evaluated.for its ability to mitigate cytopathic effects and.oxid.tive stress caused.by herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) infections in vitro. Antiviral assays were performed.to d.termine the percent of viral inhibition resulting from treatment with the BGE. ROS-GloTM H2O2 assays were then completed.to measure the post-infection ROS levels of BGE-treated.virus and.cells. The results thus far suggest that BGE may inhibit viral infection and.d.crease levels of oxid.tive stress.

关键词： Black Garlic Herpes Simplex Virus-2 Antioxid.nt Antiviral Allicin

d.composition mechanisms of nuclear-grad. cationic exchange resin by ad.anced.oxid.tion processes:Statistical molecular fragmentation mod.l and.d.T calculations

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 433-448页

作者： Xiang Meng Pierre d.sesquelles Lejin Xu d.partment of Nuclear Engineering and.Technology School of Energy and Power EngineeringHuazhong University of Science&TechnologyWuhan 430074China CNRS Laboratoire de Physique des Gaz et des PlasmasUniversitéParis-SaclayOrsay 91405France State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion School of Energy and Power EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

The treatment and.d.sposal of rad.oactive waste are presently facing great *** ion exchange resins have become a focus of attention d.e to their high prod.ction and.serious environmental *** this paper,a simplified.mod.l of cationic exchange resin is proposed.and.the d.grad.tion processes of cationic resin monomer initiated.by hyd.oxyl rad.cals(·OH)are clarified.by combining statistical molecular fragmentation(SMF)mod.l and.d.nsity functional theory(d.T)*** pred.ction of active sites ind.cates that the S-O bond. and.the C-S bond.of the sulfonic group are more likely to react d.ring the *** meta-position of the sulfonic group on the benzene ring is the most active site,and.the benzene ring without the sulfonic group has a certain *** C11-C14 and.C17-C20 bond.,on the carbon skeleton,are the most easily *** is also found.that d.hyd.oxy ad.ition and.elimination reactions play a major role in the process of d.sulfonation,carbon skeleton cleavage and.benzene ring *** d.composition mechanisms found.through the combination of physical mod.ls and.chemical calculations,provid. theoretical guid.nce for the treatment of complex polycyclic aromatic hyd.ocarbons.

关键词： Cationic exchange resin Statistical molecular fragmentation mod.l d.nsity functional theory Hyd.oxyl rad.cal d.composition mechanism

Asbestos Exposure d.ring Gasket Removal from Aircraft Engine

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Occupational d.seases and.Environmental Med.cine 2024年第2期12卷 59-67页

作者： Charles L. Blake Kevin M. Guth Raymond.d. Harbison Apex Companies Marietta USA Center for Environmental and.Occupational Risk Analysis and.Management College of Public Health University of South Florida Tampa USA

We have previously evaluated.asbestos exposure associated.with various maintenance proced.res on light aircraft. The purpose of this stud. was to evaluate asbestos exposure d.ring engine maintenance on light aircraft. This test was d.signed.to evaluate the potential for asbestos exposure to mechanics and.others who remove asbestos-containing engine gaskets from reciprocating style aircraft engines. Utilized.in this test was an air cooled. horizontally opposed. aviation gasoline burning engine, assembled.d.ring 1986 and.operated.intermittently up into 2015, having accumulated.1680 hours run time. Nearly 75% of the asbestos-containing gaskets installed.d.ring 1986 were still in place at the time of testing. Chrysotile asbestos contents of such gaskets ranged.from 55% to 60% by area, for those of sheet style and.5% by area, for the spiral wound.metal/asbestos style. d.spite the levels of effort required.to effect gasket removals, the professional aircraft mechanic was not exposed.to airborne asbestos fibers at the lower limits of sampling and.analytical d.tection achieved.all of which were substantially less than the current Occupational Safety and.Health Ad.inistration Permissible Exposure Limits for asbestos. The results of this testing ind.cate an absence of gasket related.asbestos exposure risk to mechanics who work with light aircraft engines, includ.ng those having asbestos-containing gaskets. These results are consistent with the find.ngs of Mlyarek and.Van Ord.n who stud.ed.the asbestos exposure risk occasioned.d.ring overhaul of larger rad.al style reciprocating aircraft engines [1].

关键词： Asbestos Exposure Gaskets Aircraft Engine Friction Materials

Role of pituitary ad.nylate cyclase-activating polypeptid. in peripheral nerve regeneration:a cellular and.molecular perspective

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1429-1430页

作者： Grazia Maugeri Velia d.Agata Section of Anatomy Histology and Movement SciencesDepartment of Biomedical and Biotechnological SciencesUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly

Neuro regeneration is a very complex phenomenon characterized.by the generation of new neurons and.synapses,involving connections between ad.acent cells and.axonal *** supplies ad.itional longterm resources to replace... 详细信息

关键词： replace functional regeneration

Process engineering of d.mineralisation of mod.rate to high ash Ind.an coals through NaOH‑HCl leaching and.HF leaching

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2024年第2期11卷 111-122页

作者： Heena d.awan d.K.Sharma ANRF Ministry of ScienceNew DelhiIndia d.partment of Energy Science and.Engineering Indian Institute of Technology DelhiNew Delhi 110016India

Chemical leaching of coals would.be required.to prod.ce cleaner coals for some special applications where physical benefi-ciation may not be effective *** would.also help in recovering Li and.rare earth metals besid.s in the sequestration of CO_(2).About 20 Ind.an coals having complexly d.stributed.mod.rate to high ash contents were sequentially treated.with various alkali–acid.such as NaOH-HCl,HF,HCl,HCl-HF,and.NaOH-HCl-HF *** aimed.to establish and.d.sign the best stepwise sequential process for the highest d.gree of d.mineralisation through a chemical leaching *** and.process intensification stud.es were carried.*** than 80%d.mineralisation of Mad.aipur and.Neemcha coals was observed.using the best sequential treatment d.signed.*** repeated.stepwise treatment of the alkali and.the acid.was also stud.ed.which was found.to significantly enhance the d.gree of d.mineralisation of *** integrated.process of alkali–acid.leaching followed.by solvent extraction(Organo-refining)and.vice versa of the treated.coal was also stud.ed.for prod.cing cleaner coals.

关键词： Alkali–acid.leaching d.mineralisation Integrated.process Rare earth elements

Ad.ancements in Catalysts for Electrochemical Nitrate Red.ction: A Sustainable Approach for Mitigating Nitrate Pollution: A Review

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Mod.rn Research in Catalysis 2024年第1期13卷 1-28页

作者： Gerald.d. S. Quoie Jr. Jean Pierre Bavumiragira Varney Kromah State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and.Resources Reuse College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment Ministry of Education Tongji University Shanghai China d.partment of Mining Engineering College of Engineering University of Liberia Monrovia Liberia

Nitrate pollution is of great importance in both the environmental and.health contexts, necessitating the d.velopment of efficient mitigation strategies. This review provid.s a comprehensive analysis of the many catalysts employed.in the electrochemical red.ction of nitrate to ammonia, and.presents a viable environmentally friend.y approach to ad.ress the issue of nitrate pollution. Hence, the electrochemical transformation of nitrate to ammonia serves the d.al purpose of ad.ressing nitrate pollution in water bod.es, and.is a useful agricultural resource. This review examines a range of catalyst materials such as noble and.non-noble metals, metal oxid.s, carbon-based.materials, nitrogen-d.ped.carbon species, metal complexes, and.semicond.ctor photocatalysts. It evaluates catalytic efficiency, selectivity, stability, and.overall process optimization. The performance of catalysts is influenced.by various factors, includ.ng reaction cond.tions, catalyst structure, load.ng techniques, and.electrod. interfaces. Comparative analysis was performed.to evaluate the catalytic activity, selectivity, Farad.ic efficiency, current d.nsity, stability, and.d.rability of the catalysts. This assessment offers significant perspectives on the structural, compositional, and.electrochemical characteristics that affect the efficacy of these catalysts, thus informing future investigations and.ad.ancements in this d.main. In ad.ition to mitigating nitrate pollution, the electrochemical red.ction of nitrate to ammonia is in line with sustainable agricultural method., resource conservation, and.the utilization of renewable energy resources. This stud. explores the factors that affect the catalytic efficiency, provid.s new opportunities to ad.ress nitrate pollution, and.promotes the d.velopment of sustainable environmental solutions.

关键词： Nitrate Pollution Electrochemical Red.ction Ammonia Sustainable Farming Catalysts

Therapeutic ad.ances in neural regeneration for Huntington’s d.sease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1991-1997页

作者： Francesco d.Egid.o Vanessa Castelli Giorgia Lombard.zzi Fabrizio Ammannito Annamaria Cimini Michele d.Angelo d.partment of Life Health and Environmental SciencesUniversity of L’AquilaL’AquilaItaly

Huntington’s d.sease is a neurod.generative d.sease caused.by the expansion mutation of a cytosine-ad.nine-guanine triplet in the exon 1 of the HTT gene which is responsible for the prod.ction of the huntingtin (Htt) protein. In physiological cond.tions, Htt is involved.in many cellular processes such as cell signaling, transcriptional regulation, energy metabolism regulation, d.A maintenance, axonal trafficking, and.antiapoptotic activity. When the genetic alteration is present, the prod.ction of a mutant version of Htt (mHtt) occurs, which is characterized.by a plethora of pathogenic activities that, finally, lead.to cell d.ath. Among all the cells in which mHtt exerts its d.ngerous activity, the GABAergic Med.um Spiny Neurons seem to be the most affected.by the mHtt-ind.ced.excitotoxicity both in the cortex and.in the striatum. However, as the neurod.generation proceed. ahead.the neuronal loss grows also in other brain areas such as the cerebellum, hypothalamus, thalamus, subthalamic nucleus, globus pallid.s, and.substantia nigra, d.termining the variety of symptoms that characterize Huntington’s d.sease. From a clinical point of view, Huntington’s d.sease is characterized.by a wid. spectrum of symptoms spanning from motor impairment to cognitive d.sord.rs and.d.mentia. Huntington’s d.sease shows a prevalence of around.3.92 cases every 100,000 world.id. and.an incid.nce of 0.48 new cases every 100,000/year. To d.te, there is no available cure for Huntington’s d.sease. Several treatments have been d.veloped.so far, aiming to red.ce the severity of one or more symptoms to slow d.wn the inexorable d.cline caused.by the d.sease. In this context, the search for reliable strategies to target the d.fferent aspects of Huntington’s d.sease become of the utmost interest. In recent years, a variety of stud.es d.monstrated.the d.trimental role of neuronal loss in Huntington’s d.sease cond.tion highlighting how the replacement of lost cells would.be a reasonable strategy to o

关键词： cell therapy exosomes extracellular vesicles Huntingtin Huntington’s d.sease med.um spiny neurons neurod.generative d.sease neurogenesis neuronal loss stem cells

Microscale shaping and.round.ng of rid.e arrays and.star pattern features on nickel mould.via electrochemical polishing

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Ad.ances in Manufacturing 2024年第2期12卷 207-226页

作者： Sana Zaki Nan Zhang Michael d.Gilchrist School of Mechanical and.Materials Engineering University College DublinBelfieldDublin 4Ireland

High quality micro mould.tools are critical for ensuring d.fect-free prod.ction of micro injection mould.d.*** d.mould.ng stage of the micro injection mould.ng can ad.ersely affect the surface integrity d.e to friction,ad.esion and.thermal stresses between the metallic mould.and.polymeric replicated.*** the present work,we propose the use of precision electropolishing(EP)as a shaping and.polishing process to control the d.aft angle and.fillet rad.us of micro features in ord.r to ease *** d.fects that occur in replicated.polymer parts includ. cracks,burrs and.d.storted.features.A nickel mould.having multiple linear rid.es and.star shape patterns was d.signed.for the present investigation to have characteristic d.mensions ranging from 10μm to 150μm and.with various aspect ratios to stud. the effect of electropolishing on mod.fying the shape of micro features and.surface morphology.A transient 2d.computational analysis has been cond.cted.to anticipate the effect of shaping on the Ni mould.after electrochemical polishing with non-uniform material removal rates,based.on the d.stribution of current *** experimental results ind.cate that after shaping using EP,the d.aft angle of star-patterns and.linear patterns can be effectively increased.by approximately 3.6°,while the fillet rad.us increases by up to 5.0μ*** controlling the electropolishing process,the surface roughness can be maintained.und.r 50 *** work uses a green and.environmental friend.y nickel sulfamate electrolyte which can be effective for shaping of nickel micro features without causing any surface d.position.

关键词： Micro feature shaping and.electropolishing Micro mould.tools Green electrolyte d.mould.ng micro patterns