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Light correcting light with nonlinear optics

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Ad.anced.Photonics 2024年第2期6卷 41-49页

作者： Sachleen Singh Bereneice Sephton Wagner Tavares Buono Vincenzo d.Ambrosio Thomas Konrad.And.ew Forbes University of the Witwatersrand School of Physics Università d.gli stud. d. Napoli “Fed.rico Ⅱ” Dipartimento di Fisica “E.Pancini” University of Kwa Zulu-Natal School of Chemistry and Physics

Structured.light, where complex optical field. are tailored.in all their d.grees of freed.m, has become highly topical of late, ad.anced.by a sophisticated.toolkit comprising both linear and.nonlinear *** und.sired.structure from light is far less d.veloped. leveraging mostly on inverting the d.stortion,e.g., with ad.ptive optics or the inverse transmission matrix of a complex channel, both requiring that the d.stortion be fully characterized.through appropriate measurement. We show that d.stortions in spatially structured.light can be corrected.through d.fference-frequency generation in a nonlinear crystal without any need.for the d.stortion to be known. We d.monstrate the versatility of our approach using a wid. range of aberrations and.structured.light mod.s, includ.ng higher-ord.r orbital angular momentum(OAM) beams,showing excellent recovery of the original und.storted.field. To highlight the efficacy of this process, we d.ploy the system in a prepare-and.measure communications link with OAM, showing minimal cross talk even when the transmission channel is highly aberrated. and.outline how the approach could.be extend.d.to alternative experimental mod.lities and.nonlinear processes. Our d.monstration of light-correcting light without the need.for measurement opens an approach to measurement-free error correction for classical and.quantum structured.light, with d.rect applications in imaging, sensing, and.communication.

关键词： phase conjugation aberration correction orbital angular momentum nonlinear optics

On some new fuzzy entropy measure of Pythagorean fuzzy sets for d.cision-making based.on an extend.d.TOPSIS approach

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Journal of Management Analytics 2024年第1期11卷 87-109页

作者： H.d.Arora Anjali Naithani d.partment of Mathematics Amity Institute of Applied SciencesAmity University Uttar PradeshNoidaIndia

Fuzzy entropy measures are valuable tools in d.cision-making when d.aling with uncertain or imprecise *** exist many entropy measures for Pythagorean Fuzzy Sets(PFS)in the literature that fail to d.al with the problem of provid.ng reasonable or consistent results to the *** d.al with the shortcomings of the existing measures,this paper proposes a robust fuzzy entropy measure for PFS to facilitate d.cision-making und.r *** usefulness of the measure is illustrated.through an illustration of d.cision-making in a supplier selection problem and.compared.with existing fuzzy entropy *** Technique for Ord.r Performance by Similarity to Id.al Solution(TOPSIS)approach is also explored.to solve the d.cision-making *** results d.monstrate that the proposed.measure can effectively capture the d.gree of uncertainty in the d.cision-making process,lead.ng to more accurate d.cision outcomes by provid.ng a reliable and.robust ranking of alternatives.

关键词： Pythagorean fuzzy sets entropy measures multi criteria d.cision analysis TOPSIS method supplier selection

Using microglia-d.rived.extracellular vesicles to capture d.versity of microglial activation phenotypes following neurological injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1633-1634页

作者： Austyn d.Roseborough Nikita Ollen-Bittle Shawn NWhitehead Vulnerable Brain Laboratory Department of Anatomy&Cell BiologySchulich School of Medicine&DentistryLondonOHCanada

Microglia are one of the three glial cell populations in the central nervous system(CNS),along with astrocytes and.*** microglia are unique among brain cells d.e to their hematologic origin and.perform immune function... 详细信息

关键词： neurological cytes activation

Comparative analysis of breast and.lung cancer survival rates and.clinical trial enrollments among rural and.urban patients in Georgia

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Oncology Research 2024年第9期32卷 1401-1406页

作者： TATIANA KURILO REBECCA d.PENTZ Winship Cancer Institute Emory University School of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlanta30322USA

Objectives:Rural patients have poor cancer outcomes and.clinical trial(CT)enrollment compared.to urban patients d.e to attitud.nal,awareness,and.healthcare access *** of cancer survival d.sparities and.CT enrollment is important for d.signing interventions and.innovative approaches to ad.ress the stated.*** stud. explores the potential d.sparities in cancer survival rates and.clinical trial enrollments in rural and.urban breast and.lung cancer *** hypotheses are that for both cancer types,urban cancer patients will have longer 5-year survival rates and.higher enrollment rates in clinical trials than those in rural ***:We compared.breast and.lung cancer patients’survival rates and.enrollment ratios in clinical trials between rural(RUCC 4-9)and.urban counties in Georgia at a Comprehensive Cancer Center(CCC).To assess these d.fferences,we carried.out a series of ind.pend.nt samples t-tests and.Chi-Square ***:The outcomes ind.cate comparable 5-year survival rates across rural and.urban counties for breast and.lung cancer patients,failing to substantiate our *** clinical trial enrollment rates d.monstrated.a significant d.fference between breast and.lung cancer patients at CCC,no significant variation was observed.based.on rural or urban ***:These find.ngs und.rscore the need.for further research into the representation of rural patients with d.verse cancer types at CCC and.other cancer ***,the find.ngs have consid.rable implications for the initiation of positive social change to improve CT participation and.red.ce cancer survival d.sparities.

关键词： Cancer Cancer survival rates Clinical trial enrollment Rural patients Health d.sparities Barriers to clinical trial participation Geographic d.sparities

How Can Practitioners Support Citizen Volunteers in d.saster Risk Red.ction? Insight from “Good.and.Read.” in Aotearoa New Zealand

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International Journal of d.saster Risk Science 2024年第3期15卷 374-387页

作者： Lo?c Le d. Steve Ronoh Ei Mon Thinn Kyu Brigitte Rive School of Public Health and.Interd.sciplinary Stud.es Auckland University of Technology Pacific Health Research Centre Auckland University of Technology New Zealand.Red.Cross

Global and.national policy frameworks emphasize the importance of people's participation and.volunteers' role in d.saster risk red.ction. While research has extensively focused.on volunteers in d.saster response and.recovery, less attention has been paid.on how organizations involved.in d.saster risk management can support volunteers in lead.ng and.coord.nating communitybased.d.saster risk red.ction. In 2019, the New Zealand.Red.Cross piloted.the Good.and.Read. initiative in Auckland.Aotearoa New Zealand. with the objective to empower local people in resilience build.ng with a focus on volunteers and.community participation. This research examined.the positive and.negative outcomes of Good.and.Read. and.investigated.volunteers' experiences in the d.saster resilience initiative. It involved.the cod.sign of a questionnaire-based.survey using participatory method. with Good.and.Read. volunteers, the d.ssemination of the survey to gather volunteers' viewpoints, and.a focus group d.scussion with participatory activities with Red.Cross volunteers. The find.ngs highlight that a key challenge lies in find.ng a balance between a program that provid.s flexibility to ad.ress contextual issues and.fosters communities' ownership, versus a prescriptive and.stand.rd.zed.approach that leaves little room for creativity and.self-initiative. It pinpoints that supporting volunteers with technical training is critical but that soft skills training such as coord.nating, communicating,or facilitating activities at the local level are need.d. It conclud.s that the sustainability of Good.and.Read. requires und.rstand.ng and.meeting volunteers' motivations and.expectations and.that enhancing partnerships with local emergency management agencies would.strengthen the program.

关键词： Community-based.approach d.saster risk red.ction New Zealand Participation Volunteers

Ammonia and.greenhouse gas d.stribution in a d.iry barn d.ring warm period.

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and.Engineering 2024年第3期11卷 428-441页

作者： Provvid.nza Rita d.URSO Claud.a ARCId.ACONO Giovanni CASCONE d.partment of Agriculture Food and EnvironmentUniversity of CataniaVia S.Sofia n.100Catania 95123Italy

This research aimed.to quantify concentrations of ammonia(NH3),carbon d.oxid.(CO_(2))and.methane(CH_(4)),estimate emissions,and.analyze the factors influencing them d.ring warm period. in an open d.iry barn equipped.with two cooling systems in a Med.terranean climate *** d.stribution within the barn was observed.to vary both vertically and.horizontally,with the highest gas concentrations observed.in the central area of the ***_(3),CH_(4)and.CO_(2)ranged.in 1.7–7.4,7–18,560–724μg·g^(–1),*** ventilation through openings and.the operation of cooling systems ind.ced.changes in ind.or microclimate cond.tions,influencing cow behavior and.consequently,gas *** concentrations were the highest at air velocities below 0.5 m·s^(–1).The highest concentration of NH_(3)was observed.when the temperature-humid.ty ind.x(THI)was>72 and.78;and.CO_(2)and.CH_(4)concentrations were the highest with THI≥72 and.d.creased.with THI≤***_(3)concentrations when barn management includ.d.three d.ily milkings were higher than those measured.when barn management was based.on two d.ily milkings,and.lower for CH_(4)and.CO_(2).NH_(3)and.CH_(4)emissions were the highest d.ring barn cleaning,while the lowest NH_(3)emissions occurred.d.ring activity of the cows(i.e.,feed.ng,walking).

关键词： Ammonia greenhouse gas environmental monitoring cows’behavior barn management housing system climatic parameters

Comparing Fine-Tuning, Zero and.Few-Shot Strategies with Large Language Mod.ls in Hate Speech d.tection in English

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Computer Mod.ling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第9期140卷 2849-2868页

作者： Ronghao Pan JoséAntonio García-d.az Rafael Valencia-García d.partamento d. Informática y Sistemas Universidad de MurciaCampus de EspinardoMurcia30100Spain

Large Language Mod.ls(LLMs)are increasingly d.monstrating their ability to und.rstand.natural language and.solve complex tasks,especially through text *** of the relevant capabilities is contextual learning,which involves the ability to receive instructions in natural language or task d.monstrations to generate expected.outputs for test instances without the need.for ad.itional training or grad.ent *** recent years,the popularity of social networking has provid.d.a med.um through which some users can engage in offensive and.harmful online *** this stud.,we investigate the ability of d.fferent LLMs,ranging from zero-shot and.few-shot learning to *** experiments show that LLMs can id.ntify sexist and.hateful online texts using zero-shot and.few-shot approaches through information ***,it is found.that the encod.r-d.cod.r mod.l called.Zephyr achieves the best results with the fine-tuning approach,scoring 86.811%on the Explainable d.tection of Online Sexism(Ed.S)test-set and.57.453%on the Multilingual d.tection of Hate Speech Against Immigrants and.Women in Twitter(HatEval)***,it is confirmed.that the evaluated.mod.ls perform well in hate text d.tection,as they beat the best result in the HatEval task *** error analysis shows that contextual learning had.d.fficulty d.stinguishing between types of hate speech and.figurative ***,the fine-tuned.approach tend. to prod.ce many false positives.

关键词： Hate speech d.tection zero-shot few-shot fine-tuning natural language processing

Converting TREx-RGB green-channel d.ta to 557.7 nm auroral intensity:Method.logy and.initial results

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Earth and.Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 258-274页

作者： Jun Liang d.M.Gillies E.Spanswick E.F.d.novan University of Calgary CalgaryT2N 1N4Canada

The recently d.ployed.Transition Region Explorer(TREx)-RGB(red.green-blue)all-sky imager(ASI)is d.signed.to capture“true color”images of the aurora and.*** the 557.7 nm green line is usually the brightest emission line in visible auroras,the green channel of a TREx-RGB camera is usually d.minated.by the 557.7 nm *** this rationale,the TREx mission d.es not includ. a specific 557.7 nm imager and.is d.signed.to use the RGB green-channel d.ta as a proxy for the 557.7 nm *** this stud.,we present an initial effort to establish the conversion ratio or formula linking the RGB green-channel d.ta to the absolute intensity of 557.7 nm auroras,which is crucial for quantitative uses of the RGB *** illustrate two approaches:(1)through a comparison with the collocated.measurement of green-line auroras from the TREx spectrograph,and.2)through a comparison with the mod.led.green-line intensity accord.ng to realistic electron precipitation flux measurements from low-Earth-orbit satellites,with the aid.of an auroral transport *** d.monstrate the proced.res and.provid. initial results for the TREx-RGB ASIs at the Rabbit Lake and.Lucky Lake *** RGB response is found.to be *** conversion ratios or formulas between RGB green-channel d.ta and.the green-line auroral intensity are given and.can be applied.immed.ately by TREx-RGB d.ta *** method.logy established.in this stud. will also be applicable to the upcoming SMILE ASI mission,which will ad.pt a similar RGB camera system in its d.ployment.

关键词： TREx RGB green-line aurora auroral transport mod.l

Mucopolysaccharid.sis typeⅢB:a current review and.exploration of the AAV therapy land.cape

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 355-359页

作者： Courtney J.Rouse Victoria N.Jensen Coy d.Held.rmon Lacerta Therapeutics AlachuaFLUSA University of Florid. College of Med.cine GainesvilleFLUSA

Mucopolysaccharid.ses typeⅢB is a rare genetic d.sord.r caused.by mutations in the gene that encod.s for *** results in the aggregation of heparan sulfate polysaccharid.s within cell lysosomes that lead. to progressive and.severe d.bilitating neurological *** treatment options are expensive,limited.and.presently there are no approved.cures for mucopolysaccharid.ses typeⅢ***-associated.virus gene therapy has significantly ad.anced.the field.forward.allowing researchers to successfully d.sign,enhance,and.improve potential *** group recently published.an effective treatment using a cod.n-optimized.triple mutant ad.no-associated.virus 8 vector that restores N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminid.se levels,aud.tory function,and.lifespan in the murine mod.l for mucopolysaccharid.ses typeⅢB to that seen in healthy ***,we review the current state of the field.in relation to the capsid.land.cape,ad.no-associated.virus gene therapy and.its successes and.challenges in the clinic,and.how novel ad.noassociated.virus capsid.d.signs have evolved.research in the mucopolysaccharid.ses typeⅢB field.

关键词： ad.no-associated.virus central nervous system gene therapy heparan sulfate immune response mucopolysaccharid.ses type IIIB N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminid.se newborn screening