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The Effec. of Air Pollutants and.Soc.oec.nomic.Status on Asthma in Texas

Journal of Geosc.enc. and.Environment Protec.ion 2016年第9期4卷 39-52页

作者： Faye And.rson George L. d.lc.os d. c. rao Ind.pend.nt Sc.olar Houston Texas USA d.partment of Epid.miology Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences The University of Texas School of Public Health Houston Texas USA d.vision of Biostatistic. School of Medicine Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis Missouri USA

Asthma prevalenc. in the United.States and.the world.has been inc.easing, affec.ing millions inc.ud.ng c.ild.en (0 - 17 years old. and.c.using thousand. of d.aths every year at a soc.etal c.st of over billions of d.llars. Further, it has been d.c.mented.that asthma morbid.ty respond. to soc.oec.nomic.variations. This stud. evaluates the relationship between asthma and.five air pollutants along with soc.oec.nomic.status in Texas c.unties from 2005 to 2013. Air pollutants investigated.were c.rbon monoxid. (c.), nitrogen d.oxid. (NO2), ozone (O3), fine partic.late matter (PM2.5), and.sulfur d.oxid. (SO2). Exploratory and.spatial analyses prod.c.d.c.nsistent results. Asthma prevalenc. was positively assoc.ated.with PM2.5, SO2, living near a park, and.living in an urban area. Asthma c.ild.ood.prevalenc. rates were positively assoc.ated.with living in a household.with a female head.and.negatively assoc.ated.with ethnic.ty: c.uc.sian, Hispanic. and.Afric.n Americ.n. Ad.lt prevalenc. rates were positively assoc.ated.with living in a household.with female head. being on food.stamps, and.PM2.5. Both the overall and.ad.lt rates were positively assoc.ated.with poverty. Asthma hospitalizations in Texas were positively assoc.ated.with aerosol partic.es, sulfur d.oxid., and.low inc.me. Moreover, the majority of air pollution in Texas is formed.by stationary sourc.s, whic. c.ntrad.c.s rec.nt c.aims that mobile sourc.s are the main emitters in Texas. Our find.ngs are c.nsistent with those from other geographic.l loc.tions and.suggest that ad.itional stud.es and.measures are required.to fully explain the assoc.ations d.tec.ed.and.und.rlying c.use and.effec. parad.gm.

关键词： c.ild.en Asthma Respiratory c. NO2 PM2.5 Ozone SO2

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Preparation of spec.alists in mining surveying work in Mongolia and.d.rec.ion of its c.ange in new ec.nomic.situation

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2005年第S1期15卷 272-274页

作者： d. d.nd.v c. Altantsetseg Sc.ool of Mining Engineering Mongolian State University of Science and Technology MongoliaSchool of Mining Engineering Mongolian State University of Science and Technology Mongolia

d.e to the rapid.growth of the mining sec.or of Mongolia, the need.for preparing mining surveying spec.alists is inc.easing signific.ntly. The history of preparing highly ed.c.ted.mining surveying spec.alists and.putting their ed.c.tion into prac.ic. in our c.untry is an interesting one. The main c.nter to prepare mining surveying spec.alists is the Sc.ool of Mining Engineering of the Mongolian State University of Sc.enc. and.Tec.nology. This paper introd.c.s the work that is being d.ne tod.y to prepare mining surveying spec.alists in Mongolia and.its future purposes.

关键词： mining surveying mapping high ed.c.tion training researc. sc.entific work new environment future prospec.

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d.sc.iminative pred.tion： Simultaneous and.sequential enc.unter experiments

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c.rrent Zoology 2012年第4期58卷 649-657页

作者： c. d. BEATTY d. W. FRANKS d.partment of Biology Santa Clara University Santa Clara California USA c.eatty@ sc..ed. York c.ntre for c.mplex Systems Analysis and Department of Biology and Department of Computer Science University ofYork York YO10 5YW UK

There are many situations in whic. the ability of animals to d.stinguish between two similar looking objec.s c.n have signific.nt selec.ive c.nsequenc.s. For example, the objec.s that require d.sc.imination may be ed.ble versus d.fend.d.prey, pred.tors versus non-pred.tors, or mates of varying quality. Working from the premise that there are situations in whic. d.sc.imi- nation may be more or less suc.essful, we hypothesized.that ind.vid.als find.it more d.ffic.lt to d.stinguish between stimuli when they enc.unter them sequentially rather than simultaneously. Our stud. has wid. biologic.l and.psyc.ologic.l implic.tions from the perspec.ive of signal perc.ption, signal evolution, and.d.sc.imination, and.c.uld.apply to any system where ind.vid.als are making relative jud.ments or c.oic.s between two or more stimuli or signals. While this is a general princ.ple that might seem intuitive, it has not been experimentally tested.in this c.ntext, and.is often not c.nsid.red.in the d.sign of mod.ls or experiments, or in the interpretation of a wid. range of stud.es. Our stud. is d.fferent from previous stud.es in psyc.ology in that a） the level of similarity of stimuli are grad.ally varied.to obtain selec.ion grad.ents, and.b） we d.sc.ss the implic.tions of our stud. for spec.fic.areas in ec.logy, suc. as the level of perfec.ion of mimic.y in pred.tor-prey systems. Our experiments provid. evid.nc. that it is ind.ed.more d.ffic.lt to d.stinguish between stimuli - and.to learn to d.stinguish between stimuli - when they are enc.untered.sequentially rather than simultaneously, even if the intervening time interval is short .

关键词： Rec.iver psyc.ology Stimulus selec.ion d.sc.imination Imperfec. mimic.y Pred.tion

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Mac.onutrients and.Health—Steps to Ameliorating the Nutrition Transition Trap

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Biomed.c.l and.Environmental Sc.enc.s 2001年第1期14卷 124-129页

作者： d. c. K. ROBERTS Sc.ool of Health Sc.enc.s Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences

c.untries that have mad. the health transition from a c.mmunic.ble d.sease base to a non c.mmunic.ble d.sease base find.themselves gripped.in an epid.mic.of wealth c.eated.d.seases med.ated.by altered.mac.onutrient intakes, energy intakes and.red.c.ion in physic.l ac.ivity. Avoid.ng the negative impac. of the nutrition transition while ac.epting the positive aspec.s of the wealth transition c.n best be ac.ieved.by foc.ssing on public.sing the benefits of a low fat d.et in the c.ntext of an ac.ive lifestyle. How this is ac.ieved.should.reflec. ec.logic.lly sound.food.prod.c.ion appropriate to national need.. c.untries that ac.ieve this will be in the best position to c.pitalize on the red.c.ion in c.mmunic.ble d.sease rates without c.using a rise in non c.mmunic.ble d.sease rates.

关键词： physic.l ac.ivity food.prod.c.ion

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Simplified.hyd.od.namic.mod.ls for the analysis of marine propellers in a wake-field

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Journal of Hyd.od.namic. 2013年第6期25卷 954-965页

作者： d.RANTE d. d.BBIOSO G. TESTA c. c.R-INSEAN The Italian Ship Model Basin

This paper presents a c.mparison among d.fferent hyd.od.namic.mod.ls for the analysis of the unstead. load. d.livered.by a marine propeller working in an axial, non-uniform inflow. Spec.fic.lly, for a propeller subjec.ed.to a wake-field.d.minated.by loc.l high-frequenc. c.anges in spac., the unstead. hyd.oload. pred.c.ed.by the Nakatake formulation are c.mpared.with those given by the Theod.rsen and.Sears theories, respec.ively. d.awbac.s and.potentialities of these approac.es are highlighted.to assess a c.mputationally effic.ent hyd.od.namic.solver for the analysis of operating c.nd.tions where propeller blad.s are signific.ntly perturbed.by a multi-harmonic.onset-flow. Guid.lines c.ming from this investigation may d.ive the c.oic. of a fast and.reliable unstead. propeller mod.ling that represents a good.trad.-off between ac.urac. of simulation and.c.st of c.mputation within implementation in c.mputational Fluid.d.namic. （c.d. solvers. The hyd.od.namic.formulations herein proposed.are valid.ted.through numeric.l c.mparisons with the （ac.urate but c.mputationally expensive） propeller load. pred.c.ed.by a fully 3-d.panel-method.Bound.ry Element Method.（BEM） solver, suited.for the analysis of propellers operating in a c.mplex hyd.od.namic.environment.

关键词： ac.uator d.sk airfoil theories Bound.ry Element Method.(BEM) hyd.od.namic.

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Sublethal effec.s of subzero temperatures on the light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana: fitness c.sts in response to partial freezing

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Insec. Sc.enc. 2019年第2期26卷 311-321页

作者： Amy c. Morey Robert c. Venette William d. Hutc.ison d.partment of Entomology University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota USA USd.. Forest Servic. Northern Research Station St. Paul Minnesota USA

Population responses to envir on mental extremes often d.c.ate the bound. to spec.es' d.stributions. However, population d.namic. at, or near, those range limits may also be affec.ed.by sublethal effec.s. We exposed.late instars and.pupae of an invasive leafroller, Epiphyaspostvittana (Walker)(Lepid.ptera: Tortric.d.e), to c.ld.temperatures and.measured.the effec.s of exposure on subsequent survivorship, d.velopment, and.reprod.c.ion. c.ld.temperature was applied.as ac.te exposure to -10 °c.(a low, but not immed.ately lethal temperature for this spec.es) or the onset of freezing (the peak of the superc.oling point exotherm). Survival was d.fined.as the ability to suc.essfully ec.ose as an ad.lt. We measured.immature d.velopment times, pupal mass, and.ad.lt longevity as proxies of fitness in survivors. Ad.itionally, surviving insec.s were mated.with ind.vid.als that had.not been exposed.to c.ld.to measure fertility. There was no d.fferenc. between the proportion of larvae or pupae that survived.ac.te exposure to -10 °c.and.those exposed.to the c.ntrol temperature. Approximately 17% of larvae and.8% of pupae survived.brief period. with internal ic. formation and.c.ntinued.d.velopment to bec.me reprod.c.ively viable ad.lts. Importantly, surviving the onset of freezing c.me with signific.nt fitness c.sts but not to exposure to -10 °c.most insec.s that survived.partial freezing had.lower fertility and.shorter ad.lt lifespans than either the -10 °c.or c.ntrol group. These results are d.sc.ssed.within the c.ntext of forec.sting invasive in sec. d.stributions.

关键词： fertility invasive spec.es partial freeze toleranc. superc.oling point

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An evaluation of a perfluoromethylc.c.ohexane(PMc.) permeation plug release vessel(PPRV) in a c.ntrolled.turbulent environment

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International Journal of Mining Sc.enc. and.Tec.nology 2015年第2期25卷 243-251页

作者： Jong Ed.und.c. Luxbac.er Kray d. d.partment of Mining and.Minerals Engineering Virginia Tech

The use of sulfur hexafiuorid. （SF6） as a trac.r gas for analyzing und.rground.mine ventilation systems has been prac.ic.d.for over 30 years. As a result, the method. used.to release, sample, and.analyze SF6 are well ac.epted. As the c.mplexity and.size of und.rground.mine ventilation networks inc.ease, the ability of a SF6 to func.ion as a c.nvenient and.rapid.means of analysis d.minishes. The utilization of multiple trac.r gases c.n mitigate this by removing the need.to purge the bac.ground.presenc. of a trac.r before c.nd.c.ing another release and.allowing for a more c.mprehensive evaluation using multi-zone tec.- niques. Rec.nt stud.es have id.ntified.perfluoromethylc.c.ohexane （PMc.） as a possible supplement for SF6 in und.rground.mine ventilation trac.r stud.es. However, the d.ployment of PMc. remains a c.allenge bec.use of this c.mpound. physic.l properties. This paper evaluates a PMc. permeation plug release vessel （PPRV） und.r c.ntrolled.turbulent c.nd.tions. The d.tails of the experimental parameters used.in the evaluation as well as a d.sc.ssion regard.ng the performanc. of the PPRV are inc.ud.d.

关键词： Trac.r gas Und.rground.mines Mine ventilation Perfluoromethylc.c.ohexane

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Forec.sting the impac.s of c.emic.l pollution and.c.imate c.ange interac.ions on the health of wild.ife

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c.rrent Zoology 2015年第4期61卷 669-689页

作者： Pamela d. NOYES Sean c. LEMA d.partment of Environmental & Molec.lar Toxic.logy Environmental Health Sciences Center Sinnhuber Aquatic ResearchLaboratory Oregon State University Corvallis OR USA Biologic.l Sc.enc.s d.partment Center for Coastal Marine Sciences California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo CA 93407 USA

Global c.imate c.ange is impac.ing organisms, biologic.l c.mmunities and.ec.systems around.the world. While most researc. has foc.sed.on c.arac.erizing how the c.imate is c.anging, inc.ud.ng mod.ling future c.imatic.c.nd.tions and.pred.c.ing the impac.s of these c.nd.tions on biod.versity, it is also the c.se that c.imate c.ange is altering the environmental impac.s of c.emic.l pollution. Future c.imate c.nd.tions are expec.ed.to influenc. both the world.id. d.stribution of c.emic.ls and.the toxi- c.logic.l c.nsequenc.s of c.emic.l exposures to organisms. Many of the environmental c.anges assoc.ated.with a warming global c.imate （e.g., inc.eased.average - and.possibly extreme - temperatures; intense period. of d.ier and.wetter c.nd.tions; red.c.d.oc.an pH; altered.salinity d.namic. in estuaries） have the potential to enhanc. organism susc.ptibility to c.emic.l toxic.ty. Ad.i- tionally, c.emic.l exposures themselves may impair the ability of organisms to c.pe with the c.anging environmental c.nd.tions of the shifting c.imate. Suc. rec.proc.ty in the interac.ions between c.imate c.ange and.c.emic.ls illustrates the c.mplexity inherent in pred.c.ing the toxic.logic.l c.nsequenc.s of c.emic.l exposures und.r future c.imate sc.narios. Here, we summarize what is c.rrently known about the potential rec.proc.l effec.s of c.imate c.ange and.c.emic.l toxic.ty on wild.ife, and.d.pic. c.rrent approac.es and.ongoing c.allenges for inc.rporating c.imate effec.s into c.emic.l testing and.assessment. Given the rapid.pac. of new man-mad. c.emistries, the d.velopment of ac.urate and.rapid.method. to evaluate multiple c.emic.l and.non-c.emic.l stressors in an ec.logic.lly relevant c.ntext will be c.itic.l to und.rstand.ng toxic.and.end.c.ine-d.srupting effec.s of c.emic.l pollutants und.r future c.imate sc.narios [c.rrent Zoology 61 （4）： 669-689, 2015].

关键词： Global wanning Toxic.logy Metals End.c.ine d.sruptors Risk assessment

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An analytic.l stud. of d.ug release kinetic. from a d.grad.ble polymeric.matrix

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International Journal of Biomathematic. 2018年第1期11卷 255-277页

作者： Koyel c.akravarty d. c. d.lal d.partment of Mathematic.Ind.an Institute of Tec.nology Guwahati Guwahati 781039 India

In mod.rn d.ys, biod.grad.ble polymeric.matrix used.as the kingpin of loc.l d.ug d.livery system is in the c.nter of attention. This work is c.nc.ntrated.on the formulation of mathematic.l mod.l eluc.d.ting d.grad.tion of d.ug-load.d.polymeric.matrix followed.by d.ug release to the ad.ac.nt biologic.l tissues. Polymeric.d.grad.tion is penc.led.with mass c.nservation equations. d.ug release phenomenon is mod.led.by c.nsid.ring solubilization d.namic. of d.ug partic.es, d.ffusion of the solubilized.d.ug through polymeric.matrix along with reversible d.ssoc.ation/rec.ystallization proc.ss. In the tissue phase, reversible d.ssoc.ation/assoc.ation along with internalization proc.sses of d.ug are taken into ac.ount. For this, a two-phase spatio-temporal mod.l is postu- lated. whic. has ensued.to a system of partial d.fferential equations. They are solved.analytic.lly with appropriate c.oic. of initial, interfac. and.bound.ry c.nd.tions. In ord.r to reflec. the potenc. of the ad.oc.ted.mod.l, the simulated.results are analogized.with c.rrespond.ng experimental d.ta and.found.laud.ble agreement so as to valid.te the applic.bility of the mod.l c.nsid.red. This mod.l seems to foster the d.lic.c. of the mantle enac.ed.by important d.ug kinetic.parameters suc. as d.ffusion c.effic.ents, mass transfer c.effic.ents, partic.e bind.ng and.internalization parameters, whic. is illustrated.through loc.l sensitivity analysis.

关键词： Solubilization internalization tissues.

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Passive ac.ivity enhanc.s resid.al c.ntrol ability in patients with c.mplete spinal c.rd.injury

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Neural Regeneration Researc. 2025年第8期20卷 2337-2347页

作者： Yanqing Xiao Mingming Gao Zejia He Jia Zheng Hongming Bai Jia-Sheng rao Guiyun Song Wei Song Xiaoguang Li Beijing Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and.Neural Regeneration Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringBeihang UniversityBeijingChina d.partment of Rehabilitation Evaluation China Rehabilitation Research CenterBeijingChina c.rd.ac.c.nter Beijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina The State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Tec.nology and.Systems Beihang UniversityBeijingChina d.partment of Rehabilitation Engineering China Rehabilitation Science InstituteBeijingChina

Patients with c.mplete spinal c.rd.injury retain the potential for volitional musc.e ac.ivity in musc.es loc.ted.below the spinal injury ***,bec.use of prolonged.inac.ivity,initial attempts to ac.ivate these musc.es may not effec.ively engage any of the remaining neurons in the d.sc.nd.ng pathway.A previous stud. unexpec.ed.y found.that a brief c.inic.l round.of passive ac.ivity signific.ntly inc.eased.volitional musc.e ac.ivation,as measured.by surfac. *** this stud.,we further explored.the effec. of passive ac.ivity on surfac. elec.romyographic.signals d.ring volitional c.ntrol tasks among ind.vid.als with c.mplete spinal c.rd.*** patients with c.ronic.c.mplete thorac.c.spinal c.rd.injury were *** elec.romyography d.ta from eight major leg musc.es were ac.uired.and.c.mpared.before and.after the passive ac.ivity *** results ind.c.ted.that the passive ac.ivity led.to an inc.eased.number of ac.ivated.volitional musc.es and.an inc.eased.frequenc. of *** the c.mulative root mean square of surfac. elec.romyography amplitud. for volitional c.ntrol of movement showed.a slight inc.ease after passive ac.ivity,the d.fferenc. was not statistic.lly *** find.ngs suggest that brief passive ac.ivity may enhanc. the ability to initiate volitional musc.e ac.ivity d.ring surfac. elec.romyography tasks and.und.rsc.re the potential of passive ac.ivity for improving resid.al motor c.ntrol among patients with motor c.mplete spinal c.rd.injury.

关键词： c.mplete spinal c.rd.injury c.c.e training epid.ral elec.ric.l stimulation motor training passive ac.ivity physiologic.l state spinal c.rd.c.rc.it surfac. elec.romyography volitional c.ntrol task

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