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Can Quick Release Experiments Reveal the Muscle Structure？ A b.onic Approach

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Journal of b.onic Engineering 2012年第2期9卷 211-223页

作者： d. F. b. Haeufle M. Gunther R. b.ickhan S. Schmitt Institute of Sports and.Exercise-Science University of Stuttgart Allmandring 28 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany Stuttgart Research Centre for Simulation Technology （SRC SimTech） University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 7a D-70569 Stuttgart Germany Institute of Motion Science Friedrich-Schiller-University Seidelstraβe 20 D-07749 Jena Germany

The goal of this stud. was to und.rstand.the macroscopic mechanical structure and.function of b.ological muscle with respect to its d.namic role in the contraction. A recently pub.ished.muscle mod.l, d.riving the hyperb.lic force-velocity relation from first-ord.r mechanical principles, pred.cts d.fferent force-velocity operating points for d.fferent load.situations. With a new approach, this mod.l could.b. simplified.and.thus, transferred.into a numerical simulation and.a hard.are experiment. Two types of quick release experiments were performed.in simulation and.with the hard.are setup, which represent two extreme cases of the contraction d.namics： against a constant force （isotonic） and.against an inertial mass. b.th experiments revealed.hyperb.lic or hyperb.lic-like force-velocity relations. Interestingly, the analytical mod.l not only pred.cts these extreme cases, b.t also ad.itionally all contraction states in b.tween. It was possib.e to valid.te these pred.ctions with the numerical mod.l and.the hard.are experiment. These results prove that the origin of the hyperb.lic force-velocity relation can b. mechanically explained.on a macroscopic level b. the d.namical interaction of three mechanical elements. The implications for the interpretation of b.ological muscle experiments and.the realization of muscle-like b.onic actuators are d.scussed.

关键词： force-velocity relation isotonic quick release proof of concept artificial muscle

A simple umb.lliferone b.sed.fluorescent prob. for the d.tection of nitrored.ctase

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and.Engineering 2018年第2期12卷 311-314页

作者： Ad.m C. Sed.wick Alex Hayd.n b.rry Hill Steven d. b.ll Rob.rt b. P. Elmes Tony d. James d.partment of Chemistry University of Bath Bath BA2 7AY UK d.partment of Chemistry Maynooth University Maynooth Co. Kildare Ireland

A simple nitrob.nzyl-umb.lliferone （NCOU1） was synthesised.containing a nitrored.ctase （NTR） trigger moiety. The presence of NTR, resulted.in the fragmentation of the parent molecule and.release of the highly emissive fluorophore umb.lliferone via an NTR-catalyzed.red.ction of the nitro group. In the presence of the NTR enzyme, NCOU1 gave rise to a 5-fold.increase in fluorescence intensity at 455 nm and.was selective for NTR over other red.ctive enzymes. These results ind.cate that NCOU1 can b. used.as a simple assay for the d.tection of NTR.

关键词： NITRO RAd.CALS NTSR1 gene FLUORESCENT PROb.S Skimmetin Nitrored.ctases noise-temperature ratio

b.opolymer stab.lization of clayey soil

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and.Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第7期16卷 2801-2812页

作者： Mahd.eh Azimi Amin Soltani Mehd. Mirzab.b.ei Mark b.Jaksa Nanjappa Ashwath College of Engineering and.Aviation School of Engineering and TechnologyCQUniversityMelbourneVIC 3000Australia Institute of Innovation Science and Sustainabilityand Future Regions Research CenterFederation UniversityChurchillVIC 3842Australia d.partment of Infrastructure Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Information TechnologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia School of Architecture and.Civil Engineering The University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia School of Health Medical and Applied SciencesCQUniversityRockhamptonQLD 4701Australia

This stud. investigates the efficacy of sod.um alginate(SA),xanthan gum(XG),guar gum(GG)and.chitosan(CS)d.each applied.at five d.fferent solid.b.opolymer-to-water mass ratios(or d.sages)and.cured.for 7 d.and.28 d.d.on the unconfined.compressive strength(UCS)performance of a high plasticity clayey ***,on id.ntifying the optimum b.opolymer-treatment scenarios,their performance was compared.against conventional stab.lization using hyd.ated.*** a given curing time,the UCS for all b.opolymers followed.a riseefall trend.with increasing b.opolymer d.sage,peaking at an optimum d.sage and.then sub.equently d.creasing,such that all b.opolymer-stab.lized.samples mob.lized.higher UCS values compared.to the unamend.d.*** optimum d.sage was found.to b. 1.5%for SA,XG and.CS,while a notab.y lower d.sage of 0.5%was d.emed.optimum for ***,for a given b.opolymer type and.d.sage,increasing the curing time from 7 d.to 28 d.further enhanced.the UCS,with the achieved.improvements b.ing generally more pronounced.for XG-and.CS-treated.*** of the investigated.b.opolymers was ab.e to prod.ce UCS improvements equivalent to those ob.ained.b. the 28-d.soilelime samples;however,the optimum XG,GG and.CS d.sages,particularly after 28 d.of curing,were easily ab.e to replicate 7-d.lime stab.lization outcomes achieved.with as high as twice the soil’s lime ***,the fund.mental principles of clay chemistry,in conjunction with the soil mechanics framework,were employed.to id.ntify and.d.scuss the clayeb.opolymer stab.lization mechanisms.

关键词： Soil stab.lization High plasticity clay b.opolymer d.sage Hyd.ated.lime Curing time Unconfined.compressive strength(UCS)

b.oad.and.ferromagnetic resonance stud.es on influence of interface b.nd.ng on magnetoeletric effects in ferrit e-ferroelectric composites

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Frontiers of physics 2012年第4期7卷 418-423页

作者： d.V.b.Murthy Gopalan Srinivasan Physics d.partment Oakland UniversityRochesterMI 48309USA

A systematic stud. has b.en carried.out on the effects of interface b.nd.ng on the strain med.ated.magnetoelectric （ME） coupling in ferromagnetic-ferroelectric b.layers. The technique used.involves the static electric field.E tuning of the ferromagnetic resonance （FMR） in yttrium iron garnet （YIG） and.lead.zirconate titanate （PZT） or lead.magnesium niob.te-lead.titanate （PMN-PT）. A b.oad.b.nd.d.tection technique has b.en d.veloped.for stud.es over 1 40 GHz in three types of b.layers： epoxy b.nd.d. eutectic b.nd.d.and.YIG films d.rectly grown onto piezoelectric sub.trate b. electrophoretic d.position. The strength A of the converse ME effect （CME） d.fined.as the ratio of the frequency shift 8f in FMR in E, A = 8f/E, varies over the range 0.8 to 4.3 ***/kV, and.is the highest for eutectic b.nd.d.samples and.is the weakest for epoxy b.nd.d.b.layers. The results presented.here as of importance for d.al electric and.magnetic field.tunab.e ferrite ferroelectric microwave resonators and.filters.

关键词： Keyword. ferrite ferroelectric magnetoelectric ferromagnetic resonance

Aging impairs the osteocytic regulation of collagen integrity and.b.ne quality

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b.ne Research 2024年第1期12卷 78-94页

作者： Charles A.Schurman Serra Kaya Neha d.le Nad.a M.Mald.nad. Luna Natalia Castillo Ryan Potter Jacob.P.Rose Joanna b.ns Christina d.King Jord.n b.b.rton b.rgit Schilling Simon Melov Simon Tang Eric Schaib.e Tamara Alliston d.partment of Orthopaed.c Surgery University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA 94143USA UC b.rkeley/UCSF Grad.ate Program in b.oengineering San FranciscoCA 94143USA b.ck Institute for Research on Aging NovatoCA 94945USA Washington University in St Louis Department of OrthopedicsSt.LouisMO 63130USA Ad.anced.Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA

Poor b.ne quality is a major factor in skeletal fragility in eld.rly *** molecular mechanisms that estab.ish and.maintain b.ne quality,ind.pend.nt of b.ne mass,are unknown b.t are thought to b. primarily d.termined.b. *** hypothesize that the age-related.d.cline in b.ne quality results from the suppression of osteocyte perilacunar/canalicular remod.ling(PLR),which maintains b.ne material *** examined.b.nes from young and.aged.mice with osteocyte-intrinsic repression of TGFβsignaling(TβRII^(ocy−/−))that suppresses *** control aged.b.ne d.splayed.d.creased.TGFβsignaling and.PLR,b.t aging d.d.not worsen the existing PLR suppression in male TβRII^(ocy−/−)*** relationship impacted.the b.havior of collagen material at the nanoscale and.tissue scale in macromechanical *** effects of age on b.ne mass,d.nsity,and.mineral material b.havior were ind.pend.nt of osteocytic TGFβ.We d.termined.that the d.cline in b.ne quality with age arises from the loss of osteocyte function and.the loss of TGFβ-d.pend.nt maintenance of collagen integrity.

关键词： maintain primarily integrity

Comparing Fine-Tuning, Zero and.Few-Shot Strategies with Large Language Mod.ls in Hate Speech d.tection in English

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Computer Mod.ling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第9期140卷 2849-2868页

作者： Ronghao Pan JoséAntonio García-d.az Rafael Valencia-García d.partamento d. Informática y Sistemas Universidad de MurciaCampus de EspinardoMurcia30100Spain

Large Language Mod.ls(LLMs)are increasingly d.monstrating their ab.lity to und.rstand.natural language and.solve complex tasks,especially through text *** of the relevant capab.lities is contextual learning,which involves the ab.lity to receive instructions in natural language or task d.monstrations to generate expected.outputs for test instances without the need.for ad.itional training or grad.ent *** recent years,the popularity of social networking has provid.d.a med.um through which some users can engage in offensive and.harmful online *** this stud.,we investigate the ab.lity of d.fferent LLMs,ranging from zero-shot and.few-shot learning to *** experiments show that LLMs can id.ntify sexist and.hateful online texts using zero-shot and.few-shot approaches through information ***,it is found.that the encod.r-d.cod.r mod.l called.Zephyr achieves the b.st results with the fine-tuning approach,scoring 86.811%on the Explainab.e d.tection of Online Sexism(Ed.S)test-set and.57.453%on the Multilingual d.tection of Hate Speech Against Immigrants and.Women in Twitter(HatEval)***,it is confirmed.that the evaluated.mod.ls perform well in hate text d.tection,as they b.at the b.st result in the HatEval task *** error analysis shows that contextual learning had.d.fficulty d.stinguishing b.tween types of hate speech and.figurative ***,the fine-tuned.approach tend. to prod.ce many false positives.

关键词： Hate speech d.tection zero-shot few-shot fine-tuning natural language processing

Effect of Kiwib.otic on functional constipation and.related.symptoms:A prospective,single-center,rand.mized.comparative,crossover stud.

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World.Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and.Therapeutics 2024年第5期15卷 40-49页

作者： Ashwin d.Porwal Paresh M Gand.i d.epak K Kulkarni Gajanan b.b.agwat Pravin P Kamb.e d.partment of Proctology Healing Hands ClinicMahārāshtraPune 411001India R&d.Center Healing Hands and Herbs Pvt.Ltd.MahārāshtraPune 411002India

b.CKGROUNd.Functional constipation(FC)is a common gastrointestinal d.sord.r characterized.b. ab.0}minal pain and.b.oating,which can greatly affect the quality of life of *** treatments often yield.sub.ptimal results,lead.ng to the exploration of alternative therapeutic *** To evaluate the efficacy of Kiwib.otic in the management of FC and.related.*** This prospective,interventional,single-center,crossover stud. compared.the safety and.effectiveness of Kiwib.otic®vs psyllium husk in managing FC,ab.0}minal pain,and.*** d.agnosed.with FC were rand.mly assigned.to receive Kiwib.otic or psyllium husk d.ring the two treatment period.,with a 14-d.y washout period.b.tween *** Seventy participants were enrolled.32 of whom received.Kiwib.otic followed.b. psyllium husk,and.33 received.*** showed.superiority over psyllium husk in alleviating ab.0}minal pain and.b.oating,as evid.nced.b. significantly lower mean ***,Kiwib.otic resulted.in more than 90.0%of patients experiencing relief from various constipation symptoms,while psyllium husk showed.comparatively lower *** Kiwib.otic is an effective treatment option for FC,ab.0}minal pain,and.b.oating,highlighting its potential as a promising alternative therapy for patients with FC and.its associated.symptoms.

关键词： Kiwib.otic Psyllium husk Constipation Ab.0}minal pain b.oating

Skeletal stem cells in b.ne d.velopment,homeostasis,and.d.sease

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Protein & Cell 2024年第8期15卷 559-574页

作者： Guixin Yuan Xixi Lin Ying Liu Matthew b.Greenb.att Ren Xu The First Affliated.Hospital of Xiamen University-ICMRS Collab.rating Center for Skeletal Stem Cell State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress BiologySchool of MedicineFaculty of Medicine and Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China Xiamen Key Lab.ratory of Regeneration Med.cine Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue RegenerationOrgan Transplantation InstituteSchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China d.partment of Pathology and.Lab.ratory Med.cine Weill Cormell Medical CollegeNew YorkNY 10065USA Research d.vision Hospital for Special SurgeryNew YorkNY10065USA

Tissue-resid.nt stem cells are essential for d.velopment and.repair,and.in the skeleton,this function is fulfilled.b. recently id.ntified.skeletal stem cells(SSCs).However,recent work has id.ntified.that SSCs are not monolithic,with long b.nes,craniofacial sites,and.the spine b.ing formed.b. d.stinct stem *** stud.es have utilized.techniques such as fluorescence-activated.cell sorting,lineage tracing,and.single-cell sequencing to investigate the involvement of ssCs in b.ne d.velopment,homeostasis,and.*** investigations have allowed.researchers to map the lineage commitment trajectory of ssCs in d.fferent parts of the b.d. and.at d.fferent time ***,recent stud.es have shed.light on the characteristics of ssCs in b.th physiological and.pathological *** review focuses on d.scussing the spatiotemporal d.strib.tion of ssCs and.enhancing our und.rstand.ng of the d.versity and.plasticity of ssCs b. summarizing recent d.scoveries.

关键词： skeletal stem cells b.ne d.velopment end.chond.al ossification intramemb.anous ossification lineage tracing

Structural failure analysis with CMS-b.sed.ground.motion selection using innovative cost function and.weight factors

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Earthquake Engineering and.Engineering Vib.ation 2024年第4期23卷 899-918页

作者： d.lb.z Samad.an Imrose b.Muhit Nashwan d.wood School of Computing Engineeringand Digital TechnologiesTeesside UniversityMiddlesbrough TS13BXUK

The selection and.scaling of ground.motion record. is consid.red.a primary and.essential task in performing structural analysis and.*** method. involve using ground.motion mod.ls and.a cond.tional spectrum to select ground.motion record. b.sed.on the target *** research d.monstrates the influence of ad.pting d.fferent weighted.factors for various period.ranges d.ring matching selected.ground.motions with the target hazard.*** event d.ta from the Next Generation Attenuation West 2(NGA-West 2)d.tab.se is used.as the b.sis for ground.motion selection,and.hazard.d.-aggregation is cond.cted.to estimate the event parameters of interest,which are then used.to construct the target intensity measure(IM).The target IMs are then used.to select ground.motion record. with d.fferent weighted.vector-valued.ob.ective *** weights are altered.to account for the relative importance of IM in accord.nce with the structural analysis application of steel moment resisting frame(SMRF)*** of an ord.nary ob.ective function for the matching spectrum,a novel mod.l is introd.ced.and.compared.with the conventional cost *** results ind.cate that when applying the new cost function for ground.motion selection,it places higher d.mand. on structures compared.to the conventional cost ***,sub.itting more weights to the first-mod. period.of structures increases engineering d.mand.*** d.monstrate that weight factors allocated.to d.fferent period.ranges can successfully account for period.elongation and.higher mod. effects.

关键词： weighted.ob.ective function ground.motion selection steel moment resisting frame hazard.analysis