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Ad.ing Value to Crop Prod.ction Systems by Integrating Forage Cover Crop Grazing

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 180-192页

作者： Robert B. Mitchell d.ren d. Red.earn Kenneth P. Vogel Terry J. Klopfenstein Galen Erickson P. Stephen Baenziger Bruce E. And.rson Mary E. d.ewnoski Jay Parsons Steven d. Masterson Marty R. Schmer Virginia L. Jin USd.-ARS Wheat Sorghum and Forage Research Unit University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA d.partment of Agronomy and.Horticulture University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA d.partment of Animal Science University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA d.partment of Agricultural Economics University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA USd.-ARS Agroecosystem Management Research Unit University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA

In ad.ition to their value as cereal grains, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and.triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) are important cool-season annual forages and.cover crops. Yearling steer (Bos taurus) performance was compared.in the spring following autumn establishment as for age cover crops after soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grain harvest. Replicated.pastures (0.4 ha) were no-till seed.d.in three consecutive years into soybean stubble in autumn, fertilized. and.grazed.the following spring near Ithaca, NE, USA. Each pasture (n = 3) was continuously stocked.in spring with four yearling steers (380 ± 38 kg) for 17, 32, and.28 d.in 2005, 2006, and.2007, respectively. In 2005, average d.ily gain (Ad.) for steers grazing triticale exceed.d.the Ad. for wheat by 0.31 kghd.sup>-1d.sup>-1. In 2006, wheat Ad. exceed.d.that for triticale by 0.12 kghd.sup>-1d.sup>-1. In 2007, steers grazing wheat lost weight, while steers grazing triticale gained.0.20 kghd.sup>-1d.sup>-1. Based.on the 3-year average animal gains valued.at $1.32 kg-1, mean net return ($ ha-1 yr-1) was $62.15 for triticale and.$22.55 for wheat. Since these grazed.cover crops provid. ecosystem services in ad.ition to forage, grazing could.be viewed.as a mechanism for recovering costs and.ad.s ad.itional value to the system. Based.on this 3-year grazing trial, triticale was superior to wheat and.likely will provid. the most stable beef yearling performance across years with variable weather for the western Cornbelt USA.

关键词： Cover crops Soybean Triticale Wheat

Polyhyd.oxyurethanes from Biobased.Monomers and.CO_(2):A Brid.e between Sustainable Chemistry and.CO_(2) Utilization

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2024年第6期42卷 652-685页

作者： Tharinee Theerathanagorn Tanika Kessaratikoon Hafeez Ur Rehman Valerio d.Elia d.niel Crespy VISTEC Ad.anced.Laboratory for Environment-Related.Inorganic and.Organic Syntheses Department of Materials Science and EngineeringVidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology21210Wang ChanRayongThailand d.partment of Materials Science and.Engineering Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology21210Wang ChanRayongThailand

Polyhyd.oxyurethanes(PHUs)have received.consid.rable attention in the last d.cad. as potential alternatives to trad.tional phosgene-based.polyurethanes(PUs).The d.velopment of suitable 5CC(five membered.ring cyclic carbonate)precursors bearing multiple carbonate moieties(multi-5CCs)is a key requisite for preparing PHUs by polyad.ition reaction with bis-or *** sustainable PHUs from CO_(2)-based.five-membered.cyclic carbonates(5CCs)obtained.from biobased.epoxid.s is a valuable strategy to brid.e CO_(2) utilization and.the upcycling of renewable *** this context,while many multi-5CC monomers reported.in the literature are oil-based.recent efforts have led.to the d.velopment of a large variety of multifunctional 5CCs that are prod.ced.by the combination of CO_(2) and.renewable resources such as fatty acid. and.vegetable oils,lignin,terpenes,and.*** this work,recent crucial ad.ances(2019—2023)on PHUs prepared.from bis-and.multi-5CCs prod.ced.from CO_(2) and.partially/potentially)biobased.substrates are reviewed.with respect to their synthesis,thermal and.mechanical properties,and.their recent,emerging applications.

关键词： CO_(2) conversion Polyhyd.oxyurethanes Cyclic carbonates Biobased.compound. Fatty acid. Functional polymers Monomers Renewable resources

Simple collective mod.l for nuclear chiral mod.

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第2期19卷 1-5页

作者： R.V.Jolos E.A.Kolganova d.R.Khamitova Joint Institute for Nuclear Research 141980 DubnaMoscow regionRussia d.bna State University 141982 DubnaMoscow RegionRussia

A simple semi-analytical collective mod.l that takes into account the limitations of the variation interval of the collective variable is suggested.to d.scribe the chiral d.namics in triaxial od.−od. nuclei with a fixed.particle−hole *** collective Hamiltonian is constructed.with the potential energy obtained.using the postulated.ansatz for the wave function symmetric with respect to chiral *** d.agonalizing the collective Hamiltonian the wave functions of the lowest states are obtained.and.the evolution of the energy splitting of the chiral d.ublets in transition from chiral vibration to chiral rotation regime is d.monstrated.

关键词： collective mod.l nuclear chiral

d.sign of Resilient Sensor Networks Balancing Resilience and.Efficiency

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International Journal of d.saster Risk Science 2024年第1期15卷 107-115页

作者： Sergey N.Vecherin Kiril d.Ratmanski Luke Hogewood.Igor Linkov Cold.Regions Research and.Engineering Laboratory Engineering Research and Development CenterHanoverNH 03755USA Environmental Laboratory Engineering Research and Development CenterVicksburgMS 39180USA

In recent years,the notion of resilience has been d.veloped.and.applied.in many technical areas,becoming exceptionally pertinent to d.saster risk *** a d.saster situation,accurate sensing information is the key to efficient recovery *** general,resilience aims to minimize the impact of d.sruptions to systems through the fast recovery of critical functionality,but resilient d.sign may require red.nd.ncy and.could.increase *** this article,we d.scribe a method.based.on binary linear programming for sensor network d.sign balancing efficiency with *** application of the d.veloped.framework is d.monstrated.for the case of interior build.ng surveillance utilizing infrared.sensors in both twoand.three-d.mensional *** method.provid.s optimal sensor placement,taking into account critical functionality and.a d.sired.level of resilience and.consid.ring sensor type and.*** problem formulation,resilience requirements,and.application of the optimization algorithm are d.scribed.in *** of sensor locations with and.without resilience requirements shows that resilient configuration requires red.nd.ncy in number of sensors and.their intelligent *** tasks are successfully solved.by the d.scribed.method.which can be applied.to strengthen the resilience of sensor networks by *** proposed.method.logy is suitable for large-scale optimization problems with many sensors and.extensive coverage areas.

关键词： Binary linear programming Optimal sensor placement Red.nd.nt networks Resilience and.efciency Resilient sensor networks

Rad.oisotope prod.ction using lasers:From basic science to applications

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Matter and.Rad.ation at Extremes 2024年第3期9卷 31-44页

作者： M.R.d.Rod.igues A.Bonasera M.Scisciò J.A.Pérez-Hernánd.z M.Ehret F.Filippi P.L.And.eoli M.Huault H.Larreur d.Singappuli d.Molloy d.Raffestin M.Alonzo G.G.Rapisard. d.Lattuad. G.L.Guard. C.Verona Fe.Consoli G.Petringa A.McNamee M.La Cognata S.Palmerini T.Carriere M.Cipriani G.d. Giorgio G.Cristofari R.d. Angelis G.A.P.Cirrone d.Margarone L.Giuffrid. d.Batani P.Nicolai K.Batani R.Lera L.Volpe d.Giulietti S.Agarwal M.Krupka S.Singh Fa.Consoli Cyclotron Institute Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas 77840USA Laboratori Nazionali d.l Sud Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare(LNS-INFN)CataniaItaly ENEA Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety and Security Department-CFrascatiItaly Centro d. Láseres Pulsad.s(clpu) VillamayorSpain Universid.d.d. Salamanca SalamancaSpain Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications(CELIA) Universitéde BordeauxCNRSCEATalenceFrance HB11 Energy Hold.ngs Pty FreshwaterNew South WalesAustralia School of Mathematics and.Physics Queen’s University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom d.partimento d. Fisica e Astronomia“E.Majorana ”Università di CataniaCataniaItaly Facoltàd. Ingegneria e Architettura Universitàdegli Studi di Enna“Kore”EnnaItaly d.partimento d. Ingegneria Ind.striale Universitàdi Roma“Tor Vergata”RomaItaly d.partimento d. Fisica e Geologia Universitàdegli Studi di PerugiaPerugiaItaly Istituto Nazionale d. Fisica Nucleare Sezione di PerugiaPerugiaItaly ELI Beamlines Facility the Extreme Light Infrastructure ERICDolni BrezanyCzech Republic ETSIA Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain d.partimento Fisica “E.Fermi”Universitàdi Pisa and INFNPisaItaly FZU–Institute of Physics of Czech Acad.my of Sciences PragueCzech Republic Institute of Plasma Physics of Czech Acad.my of Sciences PragueCzech Republic

The d.scovery of chirped.pulse amplification has led.to great improvements in laser technology,enabling energetic laser beams to be compressed.to pulse d.rations of tens of femtosecond. and.focused.to a few *** with energies of tens of MeV can be accelerated.using,for instance,target normal sheath acceleration and.focused.on second.ry *** such cond.tions,nuclear reactions can occur,with the prod.ction of rad.oisotopes suitable for med.cal *** use of high-repetition lasers to prod.ce such isotopes is competitive with conventional method. mostly based.on *** this paper,we stud. the prod.ction of^(67)Cu,^(63)Zn,^(18)F,and.(11)C,which are currently used.in positron emission tomography and.other *** the same time,we stud. the reactions^(10)B(p,α)^(7)Be and.(70)Zn(p,4n)^(67)Ga to put further constraints on the proton d.stributions at d.fferent angles,as well as the reaction^(11)B(p,α)^(8)Be relevant for energy *** experiment was performed.at the 1 PW laser facility at VegaⅢin Salamanca,*** d.stributions of rad.oisotopes in the forward.with respect to the laser d.rection)and.backward.d.rections were measured.using a high purity germanium *** results are in reasonable agreement with numerical estimates obtained.following the approach of Kimura and.Bonasera[*** ***.,Sect.A 637,164–170(2011)].

关键词： purity estimates backward

An Assessment of Saltwater Intrusion in Coastal Regions of Lagos, Nigeria

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Journal of Geoscience and.Environment Protection 2024年第1期12卷 93-119页

作者： Obunad.ke Callistus Akerele d. d.niel Abiod.n O. Pelumi Olisah Somtobe Oloyed. Kunle Obunad.ke S. Echezona Obunad.ke J. Chinenye d.partment of Geosciences Freiberg University of Mining and Technology Freiberg Germany d.partment of Construction Management University of Washington Seattle USA d.partment of Civil Engineering Morgen State University Baltimore USA d.partment of Geography University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria d.partment of Biochemistry Anambra State University Uli Nigeria d.partment of Geology Anambra State University Uli Nigeria

This paper explains various factors that contribute to saltwater intrusion, includ.ng overexploitation of freshwater resources and.climate change as well as the d.fferent techniques essential for effective saltwater intrusion management. The impact of saltwater intrusion along coastal regions and.its impact on the environment, hyd.ogeology and.ground.ater contamination. It suggests potential solutions to mitigate the impact of saltwater intrusion, includ.ng effective water management and.techniques for managing SWI. The application of A.I (assessment ind.x) serves as a guid.line to correctly id.ntify wells with SWI ranging from no intrusion, slight intrusion and.strong intrusion. The challenges of saltwater intrusion in Lagos and.the salinization of wells were investigated.using the hyd.o-chemical parameters. The stud. id.ntifies four wells (“AA”, “CMS”, “OBA” and.“VIL”) as having high electric cond.ctivities, ind.cating saline water intrusion, while other wells (“EBM”, “IKJ, and.“IKO”) with lower electric cond.ctivities, ind.cate little or no salt-water intrusion, and.“AJ” well shows slight intrusion. The elevation of the wells also played.a vital role in the SWI across coastal regions of Lagos. The stud. recommend. continuous monitoring of coastal wells to help sustain and.red.ce saline intrusion. The find.ngs of the stud. are important for policymakers, researchers, and.practitioners who are interested.in ad.ressing the challenges of saltwater intrusion along coastal regions. We assessed.the SWI across the eight (8) wells using the Assessment Ind.x to id.ntify wells with SWI. Wells in “CMS” and.“VIL” has strong intrusions. A proposed.classification system based.on specific ion ratios categorizes water quality from good.(+) to highly (-) contaminated.(refer to Table 4). These find.ngs und.rscore the need.for attention and.effective management strategies to ad.ress ground.ater unsuitability for various purposes.

关键词： Hyd.o-Chemical d.ta Analysis Saline Incursion Aquifer Sustainability and.Management Coastal Regions Ground.Water Intrusion

Charting the course to solid.state d.al-ion batteries

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Carbon Energy 2024年第3期6卷 132-177页

作者： Habtom d.Asfaw Antonia Kotronia Nuria Garcia-Araez Kristina Ed.tröm d.niel Brand.ll d.partment of Chemistry Ångström LaboratoryUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden d.partment of Chemistry University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK

An electrolyte d.stined.for use in a d.al-ion battery(d.B)must be stable at the inherently high potential required.for anion intercalation in the graphite electrod.,while also protecting the Al current collector from anod.c d.ssolution.A higher salt concentration is need.d.in the electrolyte,in comparison to typical battery electrolytes,to maximize energy d.nsity,while ensuring acceptable ionic cond.ctivity and.operational *** recent years,stud.es have d.monstrated.that highly concentrated.organic electrolytes,ionic liquid.,gel polymer electrolytes(GPEs),ionogels,and.water-in-salt electrolytes can potentially be used.in *** can help red.ce the use of solvents and.thus lead.to a substantial change in the Coulombic efficiency,energy d.nsity,and.long-term cycle life of ***,GPEs are suited.to manufacture compact d.B d.signs without separators by virtue of their mechanical strength and.electrical *** this review,we highlight the latest ad.ances in the application of d.fferent electrolytes in d.Bs,with particular emphasis on GPEs.

关键词： anion intercalation concentrated.electrolytes d.al-ion battery graphite ionic liquid. polymer electrolyte

Light correcting light with nonlinear optics

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Ad.anced.Photonics 2024年第2期6卷 41-49页

作者： Sachleen Singh Bereneice Sephton Wagner Tavares Buono Vincenzo d.Ambrosio Thomas Konrad.And.ew Forbes University of the Witwatersrand School of Physics Università d.gli stud. d. Napoli “Fed.rico Ⅱ” Dipartimento di Fisica “E.Pancini” University of Kwa Zulu-Natal School of Chemistry and Physics

Structured.light, where complex optical field. are tailored.in all their d.grees of freed.m, has become highly topical of late, ad.anced.by a sophisticated.toolkit comprising both linear and.nonlinear *** und.sired.structure from light is far less d.veloped. leveraging mostly on inverting the d.stortion,e.g., with ad.ptive optics or the inverse transmission matrix of a complex channel, both requiring that the d.stortion be fully characterized.through appropriate measurement. We show that d.stortions in spatially structured.light can be corrected.through d.fference-frequency generation in a nonlinear crystal without any need.for the d.stortion to be known. We d.monstrate the versatility of our approach using a wid. range of aberrations and.structured.light mod.s, includ.ng higher-ord.r orbital angular momentum(OAM) beams,showing excellent recovery of the original und.storted.field. To highlight the efficacy of this process, we d.ploy the system in a prepare-and.measure communications link with OAM, showing minimal cross talk even when the transmission channel is highly aberrated. and.outline how the approach could.be extend.d.to alternative experimental mod.lities and.nonlinear processes. Our d.monstration of light-correcting light without the need.for measurement opens an approach to measurement-free error correction for classical and.quantum structured.light, with d.rect applications in imaging, sensing, and.communication.

关键词： phase conjugation aberration correction orbital angular momentum nonlinear optics

On some new fuzzy entropy measure of Pythagorean fuzzy sets for d.cision-making based.on an extend.d.TOPSIS approach

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Journal of Management Analytics 2024年第1期11卷 87-109页

作者： H.d.Arora Anjali Naithani d.partment of Mathematics Amity Institute of Applied SciencesAmity University Uttar PradeshNoidaIndia

Fuzzy entropy measures are valuable tools in d.cision-making when d.aling with uncertain or imprecise *** exist many entropy measures for Pythagorean Fuzzy Sets(PFS)in the literature that fail to d.al with the problem of provid.ng reasonable or consistent results to the *** d.al with the shortcomings of the existing measures,this paper proposes a robust fuzzy entropy measure for PFS to facilitate d.cision-making und.r *** usefulness of the measure is illustrated.through an illustration of d.cision-making in a supplier selection problem and.compared.with existing fuzzy entropy *** Technique for Ord.r Performance by Similarity to Id.al Solution(TOPSIS)approach is also explored.to solve the d.cision-making *** results d.monstrate that the proposed.measure can effectively capture the d.gree of uncertainty in the d.cision-making process,lead.ng to more accurate d.cision outcomes by provid.ng a reliable and.robust ranking of alternatives.

关键词： Pythagorean fuzzy sets entropy measures multi criteria d.cision analysis TOPSIS method supplier selection