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FGM-SPCL:Open-Set Recognition Network for Medical Images Based on Fine-Grained data Mixture and Spatial Position Constraint Loss

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Chinese Journal of electronics 2024年第4期33卷 1023-1033页

作者： Ruru ZHANG Haihong e Lifei YUAN Yanhui WANG Lifei WANG Meina SONG School of Computer Science Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications engineering Research Center of Information Networks Ministry of Education Hebei eye Hospital

The current intelligent auxiliary diagnosis models all follow the closed-set recognition setting. After the model is deployed online, the input data is often not completely controlled. diagnosing an untrained disease as a known category would lead to serious medical malpractice. Therefore, realizing the open-set recognition is significant to the safe operation of the intelligent auxiliary diagnosis model. Currently, most open-set recognition models are studied for natural images, and it is very challenging to obtain clear and concise decision boundaries between known and unknown classes when applied to fine-grained medical images. We propose an open-set recognition network for medical images based on fine-grained data mixture and spatial position constraint loss(FGM-SPCL) in this *** the fine graininess of medical images and the diversity of unknown samples, we propose a fine-grained data mixture(FGM) method to simulate unknown data by performing a mixing operation on known data to expand the coverage of unknown data difficulty levels. In order to obtain a concise and clear decision boundary, we propose a spatial position constraint loss(SPCL) to control the position distribution of prototypes and samples in the feature space and maximize the distance between known classes and unknown classes. We validate on a private ophthalmic OCT dataset, and extensive experiments and analyses demonstrate that FGM-SPCL outperforms state-of-the-art models.

关键词： Analytical models Fine-grained image recognition Prototypes Aerospace electronics Spatial databases Robustness data models

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Advancing the National Immunization Program in an era of achieving universal vaccine coverage in China and beyond

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第2期13卷 1-5页

作者： Chen Shu Rodewald Lance e. Heng du Anna Tang Shenglan ARC Centre of excellence in Population Ageing Research (CePAR) University of New South Wales Sydney Australia School of Risk and Actuarial Studies University of New South Wales Sydney Australia department of the National Immunization Program Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention National Immunization Program China CDC Beijing China China Country Office Bill &amp Melinda Gates Foundation Beijing China duke Global Health Institute Duke University Durham NC USA Global Health Research Center Duke Kunshan University No. Duke Avenue Kunshan Jiangsu China SingHealth duke-NUS Global Health Institute Duke-NUS Singapore Singapore

Background Immunization is a cornerstone of public health. despite great success, China’s National Immunization Program (NIP) faces challenges, such as the integration of several World Health Organization-recommended vaccines and other systemic issues. The Innovation Laboratory for Vaccine delivery Research (VaxLab), supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and established in 2021 at duke Kunshan University, focuses on enhancing China’s NIP through research and policy advocacy. This editorial aims to summarize the key findings of the manuscripts published in the collection contributed by VaxLab team and set the future research *** findings The collection contains eleven manuscripts discussing China’s immunization landscape and strategies to improve coverage, particularly for non-NIP vaccines like human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV), pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV),Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (Hib), and rotavirus vaccines. Key findings include: (i) The COVId-19 vaccination campaign demonstrated China’s capacity for rapid, large-scale immunization efforts, suggesting potential for broader vaccine coverage improvements; (ii) efforts in combating cervical cancer through the HPV vaccine indicate progress but also highlight challenges like vaccine supply and equitable access; (iii) The lag in adopting higher-valent paediatric combination vaccines in China needs attention to address regulatory and health system hurdles; (iv) disparities in access to non-NIP vaccines underscore the need for government initiatives to improve vaccine coverage, especially for remote areas and marginalized populations; (v) Original studies emphasize the influence of caregivers’ knowledge, health workers’ financial incentives, and concerns about vaccine efficacy on immunization rates; (vi) Case studies from the Weifang City of China and Indonesia to introduce PCV offer insights on successful vaccine introduction strategies and the impact of innovative financing and g

关键词： National Immunization Program New vaccine introduction Universal vaccine coverage Health system strengthening

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Global black soil distribution

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and engineering 2024年第2期11卷 271-281页

作者： Yuxin TONG Marcos e.ANGeLINI Yusuf YIGINI Isabel LUOTTO Global Soil Partnership Land and Water DivisionFood and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsRome 00153Italy

Black soils, characterized by their thick, dark horizons enriched with organic matter, epitomize highly fertile soils. However, their fertility precipitates intense land use, engendering challenges such as soil erosion, nutrient depletion, pollution, compaction, salinization, and acidification. Notably, these soils are significant contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions, primarily due to substantial losses in soil organic carbon. despite these challenges, black soils are pivotal for global food production. This paper delineates the implementation of digital soil mapping for the global cartography of black soils and human interference on these soils. Predominantly distributed in eastern europe, Central and eastern Asia, and North and South America, black soils cover an approximate area of 725 Mha, with the Russian Federation,Kazakhstan, and China collectively have over half of this area. Agriculturally,these soils underpin significant proportions of global crop yields, producing 66% of sunflower, 30% of wheat, and 26% of potato outputs. The organic carbon content in the upper 30 cm of these soils is estimated at 56 *** management of black soils is imperative for ensuring food security and addressing climate change on a global scale.

关键词： Black soils distribution map food security soil organic carbon

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Alzheimer's disease and low-dose radiation therapy:A new hope

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Radiation Medicine and Protection 2024年第1期5卷 1-6页

作者： Neal e.dunlap Robert P.Friedland Lu Cai department of Radiation Oncology University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKY40202USA department of Neurology The University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKY40202USA Pediatric Research Institute Departments of PediatricsPharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKY40202USA

The concept of low-dose radiation(LdR)-induced hormetic responses was initially observed approximately 70 years ago and systematically reviewed along with the discovery of LdR-induced adaptive responses in a cytogenetic in vitro study in *** the end of the 1990s,discussions regarding the potential applications of LdRinduced hormesis and adaptive responses for preventing or treating chronic diseases,such as Alzheimer’s disease(Ad)had taken *** 2016,reports on radiotherapy for the subjects with Ad and for genetic Ad model mice were ***,several preclinical studies with animal models of Ad and clinical studies in Ad subjects were conducted.A significant milestone was achieved with the online availability of a new Systematic Review based on qualified publications from these preclinical and clinical *** mini-review provides a concise historical introduction to LdR-induced hormesis and adaptive responses with discussion of Ad radiotherapy with either LdR or relatively high dose *** of this Systematic Review cover promising outcomes,challenges,and new questions,followed by discussion of potential mechanisms.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease Low-dose radiation Radiation adaptive response Radiation hormesis

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eco-toxicity and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments of Burullus Lake in egypt

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China Geology 2024年第3期7卷 460-468页

作者： Hanan e Osman Mohamed H e el-Morsy Hazem T Abd el-Hamid department of Biology Faculty of Applied ScienceUmm Al-Qura UniversityMecca 24382Saudi Arabia deanship of Scientific Research Umm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah 24372Saudi Arabia National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries(NIOF) Cairo 11865Egypt Botany and Microbiology department Faculty of ScienceAl-Azhar UniversityCairo 11651Egypt

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)are ubiquitous environmental contaminants of growing concern due to their potential ecological and human health *** study presents a comprehensive assessment of PAHs contamination in the surface sediments of Burullus Lake,a vital and second largest delta lake in *** aim was to evaluate the eco-toxicity and potential health risks associated with the presence of these *** seven sediment samples were collected from various drains in the southern part of Burullus *** extraction method was employed to extract PAHs(16PAHs)from the sediment ***,target compounds were located using *** results showed that samples contained PAHs levels ranging from 0.038×10^(-6)to 0.459×10^(-6),which is considered heavily polluted by the european standard for PAHs ***,there was no apparent source of PAHs in the elKhashah drain or the Brinbal Canal,as HPLC found none of the *** most prevalent compound in sediment samples along the study area was *** diagnostic indices in the present study indicated that the hydrocarbons in the region originated from pyrolytic and man-made sources along the drains of Burullus *** principal component analysis(PCA)and diagnostic ratios revealed that coal combustion and pyrolytic sources were responsible for the PAHs contamination in the surface *** non-carcinogenic risk(HI),which is the product of the HQs for the adult and child populations,respectively,was *** values under 1,therefore,demonstrated that they had no carcinogenic effects on human *** and MeQs in the sediments of Burullus Lake do not have a cancer-causing impact on *** the safety of nearby wildlife,aquatic life,and people,all activities that raise petroleum hydrocarbon levels in Burullus Lake must be adequately regulated and *** to the ecological risk assessment,there is little chance that PAHs will be found

关键词： Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons diagnostic indices Toxicity delta lake sediment Burullus Lake Human health risk Aquatic ecosystem HPLC Coal combustion

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靶向肌肉神经重建可预防和逆转神经离断后大鼠的疼痛行为

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中国疼痛医学杂志 2024年第2期30卷 81-84页

作者：胡军(译) 郑拥军(校) 复旦大学附属华东医院

靶向肌肉神经重建(targeted muscle reinnervation,TMR)技术是一种预防或减轻残肢痛的干预措施。与早期TMR相比,伤后较长时间TMR的效果较差。由于在TMR中控制断端神经疼痛缓解的机制尚不清楚,所以该研究使用了一个临床前模型作为机制研... 详细信息

靶向肌肉神经重建(targeted muscle reinnervation,TMR)技术是一种预防或减轻残肢痛的干预措施。与早期TMR相比,伤后较长时间TMR的效果较差。由于在TMR中控制断端神经疼痛缓解的机制尚不清楚,所以该研究使用了一个临床前模型作为机制研究的平台。在保留性神经损伤(spared nerve injury,SNI)之后,大鼠接受TMR、单纯神经瘤切除术或损伤部位的假手术。干预措施在SNI后立即或延迟(3或12周)进行。疼痛行为通过对机械刺激(针、vonFrey和动态刷)和冷热刺激(丙酮和辐射热)的敏感性来衡量。SNI对所有机械刺激和寒冷产生超敏反应,并且在假手术后持续存在。SNI时行TMR可阻止大鼠疼痛行为的发生,3周后行TMR可使大鼠疼痛行为恢复至基础水平。相比之下,SNI术后3周行神经瘤切除术较TMR对痛觉过敏的改善更明显,但在术后12周时无明显效果。此模型中,在伤后3周内进行TMR可以减轻神经切断引起的疼痛表型,伤后12周延迟TMR未能缓解疼痛行为。该研究重现了截肢手术的临床经验,证明该模型用于研究TMR镇痛机制的有效性。

关键词：截肢手术肌肉神经机械刺激超敏反应冷热刺激辐射热 TMR 痛觉过敏

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Comparisons of oxbow lake fish assemblages in relation to bigheaded carp establishment in the lower White River, Arkansas

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ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 188-205页

作者： Michael A.eggleton Cody J.Salzmann Joseph e.Kaiser Shannon C.F.Smith department of Aquaculture and Fisheries University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff Arkansas Game and Fish Commission Virginia Institute of Marine Science

Background Since the late 1990s, bigheaded carps(largely silver carp [Hypophthalmichthys molitrix] but also bighead carp [H. nobilis]) have established throughout the lower Mississippi River basin. Using previously studied oxbow lakes in the lower White River basin, Arkansas, we compared current(2017, “post-carp” establishment) fish assemblages to historical(2002, “pre-carp” establishment) fish assemblages. Fish assemblages were comprehensively assessed using multiple gears, including boat electrofishing, mini-fyke nets, and experimental small-mesh gill *** T-tests suggested that fish assemblage indices of richness, diversity, evenness, and dominance were often greater(P during the post-carp period as reflected by boat electrofishing and experimental gill nets. However, all indices were generally similar(P > 0.05) between the pre-carp and post-carp period with fish assemblages depicted using mini-fyke nets. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling analyses indicated that fish assemblages differed structurally between pre-carp and post-carp periods. Assemblage differences were linked to both small and large abundance changes for more than 20 species. Abundances of gizzard shad(dorosoma cepedianum), emerald shiner(Notropis atherinoides), pugnose minnow(Opsopoeodus emiliae), crappies(Pomoxis spp.), bluegill(Lepomis macrochirus), orangespotted sunfish(L. humilis), and yellow bass(Morone mississippiensis) declined between the pre-carp and postcarp periods. Conversely, abundances of weed shiner(N. texanus), pallid shiner(Hybopsis amnis), longear sunfish(L. megalotis), buffalofishes(Ictiobus spp.), and gars(Lepisosteus spp.) generally increased during the same *** Although not possible to conclude assemblage shifts were entirely related to bigheaded carps due to the absence of an appropriate reference system where carps did not establish, the wide establishment of these carps is one of the most pervasive changes to have occurred in the lower White

关键词： Bigheaded carp Silver carp Aquatic nuisance species Fish assemblage Oxbow lake Large river

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In situ Hydrothermal Oxidation of Ternary FeCoNi Alloy electrode for Overall Water Splitting

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energy & environmental Materials 2024年第2期7卷 165-174页

作者： Yuwei Chen Lixia Yang Chao Li Yuqiu Wu Xiao Lν Hairen Wang Jun'e Qu Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Hubei University Faculty of Material science and Chemistry China University of Geosciences

exploring noble metal-free catalyst materials for high efficient electrochemical water splitting to produce hydrogen is strongly desired for renewable energy *** this article,a novel bifunctional catalytic electrode of insitu-grown type for alkaline water splitting based on FeCoNi alloy substrate has been successfully prepared via a facile one-step hydrothermal oxidation route in an alkaline hydrogen peroxide *** shows that the matrix alloy with the atom ratio 4:3:3 of Fe:Co:Ni can obtain the best catalytic performance when hydrothermally treated at 180℃ for18 h in the solution containing 1.8 M hydrogen peroxide and 3.6 M sodium *** as-prepared Fe0.4Co0.3Ni0.3-1.8 electrode exhibits small overpotentials of only 184 and 175 mV at electrolysis current density of10 mA cm-2for alkaline OeR and HeR processes,*** overall water splitting at electrolysis current density of 10 mA cm-2can be stably delivered at a low cell voltage of 1.62 *** characteristics including the large specific surface area,the high surface nickel content,the abundant catalyst species,the balanced distribution between bivalent and trivalent metal ions,and the strong binding of in-situ naturally growed catalytic layer to matrix are responsible for the prominent catalytic performance of the Fe0.4Co0.3Ni0.3-1.8 electrode,which can act as a possible replacement for expensive noble metal-based materials.

关键词： alkaline water electrolysis bifunctional electrocatalyst FeCoNi alloy hydrothermal oxidation in-situ growing

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Kriging-boosted CR modeling for prompt infill drilling optimization

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Petroleum 2024年第1期10卷 39-48页

作者： elizaveta S.Gladchenko Anna e.Gubanova denis M.Orlov dmitry A.Koroteev Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Russian Federation digital Petroleum LLC Russian Federation

The capacitance-resistance model(CRM) has been a useful physics-based tool for obtaining production forecasts for decades. However, the model's limitations make it difficult to work with real field cases,where a lot of various events happen. Such events often include new well commissioning(NWC). We introduce a workflow that combines CRM concepts and kriging into a single tool to handle these types of events during history matching. Moreover, it can be used for selecting a new well placement during infill drilling. To make the workflow even more versatile, an improved version of CRM was used. It takes into account wells shut-ins and performed workovers by additional adjustment of the model coefficients. By preliminary re-weighing and interpolating these coefficients using kriging, the coefficients for potential wells can be determined. The approach was validated using both synthetic and real datasets, from which the cases of putting new wells into operation were selected. The workflow allows a fast assessment of future well performance with a minimal set of reservoir data. This way, a lot of well placement scenarios can be considered, and the best ones could be chosen for more detailed studies.

关键词： Capacitance-resistance model (CRM) Field development optimization Infill drilling Interwell connectivity Kriging New well commissioning (NWC)

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Cloud datacenter Selection Using Service Broker Policies:A Survey

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Computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2024年第4期139卷 1-41页

作者： Salam Al-e’mari Yousef Sanjalawe Ahmad Al-daraiseh Mohammad Bany Taha Mohammad Aladaileh department of Information Security Faculty of ITUniversity of PetraAmman11196Jordan department of Cybersecurity School of ITAmerican University of Madaba(AUM)Amman11821Jordan department of Computer Science School of ITAmerican University of Madaba(AUM)Amman11821Jordan department of data Science and Artificial Intelligence School of ITAmerican University of Madaba(AUM)Amman11821Jordan

Amid the landscape of Cloud Computing(CC),the Cloud datacenter(dC)stands as a conglomerate of physical servers,whose performance can be hindered by bottlenecks within the realm of proliferating CC services.A linchpin in CC’s performance,the Cloud Service Broker(CSB),orchestrates dC *** to adroitly route user requests with suitable dCs transforms the CSB into a bottleneck,endangering service *** tackle this,deploying an efficient CSB policy becomes imperative,optimizing dC selection to meet stringent Qualityof-Service(QoS)*** numerous CSB policies,their implementation grapples with challenges like costs and *** article undertakes a holistic review of diverse CSB policies,concurrently surveying the predicaments confronted by current *** foremost objective is to pinpoint research gaps and remedies to invigorate future policy ***,it extensively clarifies various dC selection methodologies employed in CC,enriching practitioners and researchers *** synthetic analysis,the article systematically assesses and compares myriad dC selection *** analytical insights equip decision-makers with a pragmatic framework to discern the apt technique for their *** summation,this discourse resoundingly underscores the paramount importance of adept CSB policies in dC selection,highlighting the imperative role of efficient CSB policies in optimizing CC *** emphasizing the significance of these policies and their modeling implications,the article contributes to both the general modeling discourse and its practical applications in the CC domain.

关键词： Cloud computing cloud service broker datacenter selection quality-of-service user request

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