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density-dependent carrier-envelope phase shift in attosecond pulse generation from relativistically oscillating mirrors

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2023年第6期8卷 41-48页

作者： Rishat Zagidullin stefan Tietze Matt Zepf Jingwei Wang Sergey Rykovanov Center for AI Technologies Skolkovo Institute of Science and TechnologyMoscowRussia Helmholtz-Institute Jena Fröbelstieg 307743 JenaGermany Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena Physikalisch-Astronomische FakultätMax-Wien-Platz 107743 JenaGermany State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics and Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Ultra-Intense Laser ScienceShanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China

The carrier-envelope phase(CEP)φ_(0)is one of the key parameters in the generation of isolated attosecond *** particular,“cosine”pulses(φ_(0)=0)are best suited for generation of single attosecond pulses in atomic ***“cosine”pulses have the peak of the most intense cycle aligned with the peak of the pulse envelope,and therefore have the highest contrast between the peak intensity and the neighboring *** this paper,the dynamics of single attosecond pulse generation from a relativistically oscillating plasma mirror is *** use an elementary analytical model as well as particle-in-cell simulations to study few-cycle attosecond *** find that the phase of the field driving the surface oscillations depends on the plasma density and preplasma scale *** leads us to a counterintuitive conclusion:for the case of normal incidence and a sharp plasma-vacuum boundary,the CEP required for the generation of a single attosecond pulse phase is closer toφ_(0)=π/2(a“sine”pulse),with the exact value depending on the plasma parameters.

关键词： envelope oscillating relativistic

Neutrophil swarm control: what goes up must come down

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2022年第1期7卷 7-8页

作者： stefan Uderhardt Jasmin Knopf Martin Herrmann department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nurnberg(FAU)and Universitatsklinikum ErlangenErlangenGermany deutsches Zentrum fur Immuntherapie(dZI) Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nurnberg(FAU)and Universitatsklinikum ErlangenErlangenGermany Exploratory Research Unit Optical Imaging Centre ErlangenFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nurnberg(FAU)ErlangenGermany

All biological systems rely on regulatory networks of positive and negative feedback that enable targeted and rapid adaptations,while negative autosignals limit overstimulation and enable self-shutdown.A recent publication in Science^(1) demonstrates a shutdown mechanism in neutrophils that limits their aggregation dynamics while enhancing bacterial killing.^(1)

关键词： shutdown enable limit

Electrochemically-stimulated nanoscale mechanochemical wear of silicon

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摩擦:英文版 2023年第11期11卷 2142-2152页

作者： Chen XIAO stefan VAN VLIET Roland BLIEM Bart WEBER Steve FRANKLIN Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography(ARCNL) Amsterdam 1098XGthe Netherlands Van der Waals–Zeeman Institute Institute of PhysicsUniversity of Amsterdam(UvA)Amsterdam 1098XGthe Netherlands department of Materials Science and Engineering The University of SheffieldSheffield S13JDUK

Mechanochemical reactions at the sliding interface between a single-crystalline silicon(Si)wafer and a silica(SiO2)microsphere were studied in three environmental conditions:humid air,potassium chloride(KCl)solution,and KCl solution with an applied *** to that from humid air,mechanochemical material removal from the silicon surface increased substantially in the KCl-immersed condition,and further increased when electrochemistry was introduced into the tribological *** measuring the load dependence of the material removal rate and analyzing the results using a mechanically assisted Arrhenius-type kinetic model,the activation energy(E_(a))and the mechanical energy(E_(m)),by which this energy is reduced by mechanical activation,were compared qualitatively under different environmental *** the KCl-immersed condition,mechanochemistry may decrease the required effective energy of reactions(E_(eff)=E_(a)−E_(m))and promote material removal mainly through improved catalysis of the mechanochemical reactions facilitated by greater availability of water molecules compared to the humid air ***,the effectiveness of the mechanochemistry is *** the electrochemical condition,electrochemically-accelerated oxidation of the silicon surface was confirmed by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)*** results strongly suggest that electrochemistry further stimulates mechanochemical reactions primarily by increasing the initial energy state of the surface via the facilitated formation of interfacial bonding bridges,i.e.,a surface oxidation/hydroxylation process.

关键词： spherical contact adhesive wear normal loading power law

Comments by opponents on the British Medical Association’s guidance on non-therapeutic male circumcision of children seem one-sided and may undermine public health

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2023年第5期12卷 244-262页

作者： Stephen Moreton Guy Cox Mark Sheldon stefan A Bailis Jeffrey d Klausner Brian J Morris CircFacts Warrington WA51HYCheshireUnited Kingdom Australian Centre for Microscopy&Microanalysis and School of Aeronautical Mechanical and Mechatronic EngineeringUniversity of SydneySydney 2006New South WalesAustralia Medical Humanities and Bioethics Program Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIL 60661United States Cornerstone Therapy&Recovery Center St.PaulMN 55101United States department of Medicine Population and Public Health SciencesKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089United States School of Medical Sciences University of SydneySydney 2006New South WalesAustralia

The British Medical Association(BMA)guidance on non-therapeutic circumcision(NTMC)of male children is limited to ethical,legal and religious *** we evaluate criticisms of the BMA’s guidance by Lempert et *** their arguments promoting autonomy and consent might be superficially appealing,their claim of high procedural risks and negligible benefits seem one-sided and contrast with high quality evidence of low risk and lifelong *** literature reviews by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the United States Centers for disease Control and Prevention in developing evidence-based policies,as well as risk-benefit analyses,have found that the medical benefits of infant NTMC greatly exceed the risks,and there is no reduction in sexual function and *** BMA’s failure to consider the medical benefits of early childhood NTMC may partly explain why this prophylactic intervention is discouraged in the United *** consequence is higher prevalence of preventable infections,adverse medical conditions,suffering and net costs to the UK’s National Health Service for treatment of *** of the issues and contradictions in the BMA guidance identified by Lempert et al stem from the BMA’s guidance not being sufficiently ***,that document called for a review by others of the medical issues surrounding *** societal factors apply,ultimately,NTMC can only be justified rationally on scientific,evidence-based *** are entitled to an accurate presentation of the medical evidence so that they can make an informed *** decision either for or against NTMC should then be respected.

关键词： Circumcision,Male Child Infections Risk Policy Public health

Fire up the pyre:inosine thermogenic signaling for obesity therapy

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2022年第12期7卷 4255-4256页

作者： Nienke Willemsen stefan Kotschi Alexander Bartelt Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention(IPEK) Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversityMunichGermany Institute for diabetes and Cancer(IdC) Helmholtz Center MunichGerman Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherbergGermany German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Munich Heart AllianceLMU HospitalMunichGermany department of Molecular Metabolism&SabriÜlker Center for Metabolic Research Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA

In a recent study published in Nature,Niemann et *** have discovered a metabolite signaling pathway that could pave the way to new weight loss drugs1(Fig.1).Obesity and its comorbidities are a major threat to public h... 详细信息

关键词： sine weight drugs

deep anomaly detection in horizontal axis wind turbines using GraphConvolutional Autoencoders for Multivariate Time series

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能源与人工智能(英文) 2022年第2期8卷 79-91页

作者： Eric stefan Miele Fabrizio Bonacina Alessandro Corsini department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Sapienza University of RomeVia Eudossiana 118RomeI00184Italy

Wind power is one of the fastest-growing renewable energy sectors instrumental in the ongoing decarbonizationprocess. However, wind turbines are subjected to a wide range of dynamic loads which can cause more frequentfailures and downtime periods, leading to ever-increasing attention to effective Condition Monitoring *** this paper, we propose a novel unsupervised deep anomaly detection framework to detect anomalies in windturbines based on SCAdA data. We introduce a promising neural architecture, namely a Graph ConvolutionalAutoencoder for Multivariate Time series, to model the sensor network as a dynamical functional graph. Thisstructure improves the unsupervised learning capabilities of Autoencoders by considering individual sensormeasurements together with the nonlinear correlations existing among signals. On this basis, we developeda deep anomaly detection framework that was validated on 12 failure events occurred during 20 months ofoperation of four wind turbines. The results show that the proposed framework successfully detects anomaliesand anticipates SCAdA alarms by outperforming other two recent neural approaches.

关键词： Wind turbine Condition monitoring deep anomaly detection SCAdA data Graph Convolutional Autoencoder Multivariate Time series Early fault detection

Cardiac optogenetics:regulating brain states via the heart

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2023年第9期8卷 3907-3908页

作者： Silvia Rodriguez-Rozada stefan Frantz Philip Tovote defense Circuits Lab Institute of Clinical NeurobiologyUniversity Hospital WürzburgWürzburgGermany department of Internal Medicine I University Hospital WürzburgWürzburgGermany Comprehensive Heart Failure Center University Hospital WürzburgWürzburgGermany Center for Mental Health University Hospital WürzburgWürzburgGermany

In a recent study published in Nature,1 Hsueh et *** a non-invasive optogenetic approach to control heart rate in freely moving *** induced tachycardia elicited an anxiety-like state in risky contexts,with the posterior insular cortex mediating the apprehensive behaviours arising from cardiac pacing(Fig.1).Whereas the link between emotions and bodily functions is part of the human experience,whether emotions are cause or consequence of their associated responses has been long debated by psychologists and *** anxiety lead to an increased heart rate,or conversely,does a racing heart drive anxious behaviours?There is ample evidence linking mental and cardiac *** meta-analysis studies have shown an increased risk of heart disease in patients suffering from anxiety or stress-related disorders.

关键词： cardiac cortex

Computational Methods for Single-cell Multi-omics Integration and Alignment

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2022年第5期20卷 836-849页

作者： stefan Stanojevic Yijun Li Aleksandar Ristivojevic Lana X.Garmire department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA department of Biostatistics University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Amherst College AmherstMA 01002USA

Recently developed technologies to generate single-cell genomic data have made a revolutionary impact in the field of ***-omics assays offer even greater opportunities to understand cellular states and biological *** problem of integrating different omics data with very different dimensionality and statistical properties remains,however,quite challenging.A growing body of computational tools is being developed for this task,leveraging ideas ranging from machine translation to the theory of networks,and represents another frontier on the interface of biology and data *** goal in this review is to provide a comprehensive,up-to-date survey of computational techniques for the integration of single-cell multi-omics data,while making the concepts behind each algorithm approachable to a non-expert audience.

关键词： Single-cell Multi-omics Machine learning Unsupervised learning Integration

determination of convergence of underground gas storage caverns using non-invasive methodology based on land surface subsidence measurement

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2023年第8期15卷 1944-1950页

作者： Rafal Misa Anton Sroka Mateusz dudek Krzysztof Tajdus stefan Meyer Instytut Mechaniki Górotworu PAN ul.Reymonta 2730-059KrakówPoland Salzgewinnungsgesellschaft Westfalen mbH&Co.KG(SGW) AhausGermany

Undergroundgas storage caverns aremonitoredfor environmental safety in termsof equipmentandpotential emissions,particularly methane emissions from the underground and above-ground parts of the storage *** measurements of land surface deformations and costly echometric measurements of convergence of individual storage facilities are carried *** aims of environmental monitoring are:(1)to eliminate potential hazards in the shortest time,(2)assess the overall impact of intensive operation of storage facilities on the environment,(3)developmonitoringmethods relevant to environmental protection,and(4)take actions in case of *** paper presents a solution to the problem of determination of the convergence of underground caverns in a salt rock mass based on the results of land surface subsidence measurements carried out using the Gauss-Markov equalization *** makes it possible for ongoing control of cavern volume convergence after each subsidence measurement on the ground surface and determining the actual impact of the use frequency(injection-mediumconsumption)on the convergence in *** presentedmethodology is universal and verified on caverns located in a salt *** Gauss-Markov inversion model is the first used in this area,hence its application is significant.

关键词： Underground storage Salt cavern Convergence Subsidence Surface deformation