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Hard life for sons in the nest?Sex-dependent offspring mortality in Great Tits in urban and forest areas

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Avian Research 2024年第1期15卷 91-97页

作者： Nora Agh Henriett Anna dalvári Krisztián szabó Ivett Pipoly András Liker HUN-REN-PE Evolutionary Ecology Research Group University of PannoniaH-8200VeszpremPf.1158.Hungary Behavioral Ecology Research Group Center for Natural SciencesUniversity of PannoniaH-8200Pf.1158.VeszpremHungary Molecular Ecology Research Group Department of EcologyUniversity of Veterinary Medicine BudapestH-1400Pf.2.BudapestHungary Synlab Hungary Ltd. H-1211Weiss Manfr´ed Str.5-7BudapestHungary

Sex-biased mortality can occur in birds during development,for example due to sexual differences in energy requirement and/or environmental sensitivity,or the effects of sex hormones or sex differences in the expression of mutations linked to sex *** extent of sex-bias in mortality may also be related to environmental conditions that influence offspring development and *** areas often provide poorer conditions for nestling development resulting in higher offspring mortality compared to natural areas,which may accelerate sex differences in offspring mortality in *** test this hypothesis,we examined the sex ratio of dead offspring in Great Tits(Parus major),using 427 samples of unhatched eggs and dead nestlings collected in two urban and two forest sites between 2013 and *** ratio of males in the whole sample of dead offspring(56.9%)was significantly higher than expected by an 1:1 ratio,and the strongest sex biases were detected in urban areas(57.6%males)and in young nestlings(days old,59.0%males).However,the sex ratios of dead offspring did not differ significantly among study sites and between offspring developmental stages.29.3%of unhatched eggs contained a visible embryo,and the proportion of embryo-containing unhatched eggs did not differ significantly between urban and forest study *** results suggest male-biased offspring mortality in Great Tits,and highlight the need of large datasets to detect subtle differences between habitats and developmental stages.

关键词： Great Tit Urbanization Nestling mortality Sex related differences

Strategies in training deep learning models to extract building from multisource images with small training sample sizes

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International Journal of digital Earth 2023年第1期16卷 1707-1724页

作者： dávid Abriha Szilárd szabó department of Physical Geography and Geoinformatics Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary

Building extraction from remote sensing data is an important topic in urban studies and the deep learning methods have an increasing role due to their minimal requirements in training data to reach outstanding *** aimed to investigate the original U-Net architecture’s efficiency in building segmentation with different number of training images and the role of data augmentation based on multisource remote sensing data with varying spatial and spectral resolutions(WorldView-2[WV2],WorldView-3[WV3]images and an aerial orthophoto[ORTHO]).When the trainings and predictions were conducted on the same image,U-Net provided good results with very few training images(validation accuracies:94-97%;192 images).Combining the ORTHO’s and WV2’s training data for prediction on WV3 provided poor results with low F1-score(0.184).However,the inclusion of only 48 WV3 training images significantly improved the F1-score(0.693),thus,most buildings were correctly ***,using only independent reference data(other than the target image)is not enough to train an accurate *** our case,the reference from WW2 and ORTHO images did not provide an acceptable basis to train a good model,but a minimal number of training images from the targeted WV3 improved the accuracy(F1-score:69%).

关键词： Building segmentation U-Net remote sensing urban analysis

Methionine sources and genotype affect embryonic intestinal development,antioxidants,tight junctions,and growth-related gene expression in chickens

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 218-230页

作者： James K.Lugata Sawadi F.Ndunguru Gebrehaweria K.Reda Xénia E.Ozsváth Eszter Angyal Levente Czeglédi Gabriella Gulyás Renáta Knop János Oláh Zoltán Mészár Rita Varga Brigitta Csernus Csaba szabó department of Animal Nutrition and Physiology Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental ManagementUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary department of Animal Husbandry Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental ManagementUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management Doctoral School of Animal ScienceUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm University of DebrecenDebrecenHungary department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary

Methionine(Met)is an essential and first limiting amino acid in the poultry diet that plays a significant role in chicken embryonic development and *** present study examined the effect of in ovo injection of dL-Met and L-Met sources and genotypes on chicken embryonic-intestinal development and *** eggs of the two genotypes,TETRA-SL layer hybrid(TSL)—commercial layer hybrid and Hungarian Partridge colored hen breed(HPC)—a native genotype,were randomly distributed into four treatments for each *** treatment groups include the following:1)control non-injected eggs(NoIn);2)saline-injected(SaIn);3)dL-Met injected(dLM);and 4)L-Met injected(LM).The in ovo injection was carried out on 17.5 d of embryonic development;after hatching,eight chicks per group were sacrificed,and the jejunum was extracted for *** results showed that both dLM and LM groups had enhanced intestinal development as evidenced by increased villus width,villus height,and villus area(Pd to the *** dLM group had significantly reduced crypt depth,glutathione(GSH)content,glutathione S-transferase 3 alpha(GST3),occludin(OCLN)gene expression and increased villus height to crypt depth ratio in the TSL genotype than the LM group(Pd insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF1)gene,tricellulin(Md2),occludin(OCLN),superoxide dismutase 1(SOd1),and GST3 genes than the TSL genotype(Pdings showed that in ovo injection of Met enhanced intestinal development,and function,with genotypes responding differently under normal *** also influenced the expression of intestinal antioxidants,tight junction,and growth-related genes.

关键词： dL-Methionine L-Methionine In ovo injection Intestinal development Poultry

Bending Analysis of a Filament-Wound Composite Tube

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Modern Mechanical Engineering 2018年第1期8卷 66-77页

作者： Gyula szabó Károly Váradi dávid Felhos department of Machine and Product design Budapest University of Technology and EconomicsBudapestHungary

The aim of this paper is to present finite element model of a filament-wound composite tube subjected to three-point bending and bending in accordance with standard EN?15807:2011?(railway applications-pneumatic half couplings) along with its experimental verification. In the finite element model, composite reinforcement plies have been characterized by linear orthotropic material model, while rubber liners have been described by a two-parameter MooneyRivlin model. Force-displacement curves of three-point bending show fairly good agreement between simulation results and experimental data. Reaction forces of FE simulation and experiment of standard bending test are in good agreement.

关键词： Filament-Wound Composite Tube Three-Point Bending Test Bending Analysis Finite Element Model

Finite Element Model of a Filament-Wound Composite Tube Subjected to Uniaxial Tension

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Modern Mechanical Engineering 2017年第4期7卷 91-112页

作者： Gyula szabó Károly Váradi dávid Felhos department of Machine and Product design Budapest University of Technology and EconomicsBudapestHungary

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the mechanical behaviour of a filament-wound composite tube subjected to uniaxial tension by finite element analysis. Uniaxial tensile test experiments have been carried out on standard specimen and hose piece in order to verify finite element models and material properties and also to assess failure mode of composite plies. Composite reinforcement plies are modeled as linear orthotropic, while elastomer liners are described by hyperelastic material model. Results of finite element models and experiments show good agreement in the initial phase of uniaxial tension, which justifies utilized material models in the operating range. Results of finite element models show that transverse tension and shear load are dominant under tension. It is determined that principal failure mode of reinforcement plies is intra-ply yarn-matrix debonding caused by intensive shear of rubber matrix.

关键词： Filament-Wound Composite Tube Uniaxial Tension Tensile Test debonding damage Finite Element Analysis

Multi-exponential model to describe pressure-dependent P-and S-wave velocities and its use to estimate the crack aspect ratio

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2022年第2期14卷 385-395页

作者： Mihály dobróka Norbert Péter szabó Tünde Edit dobróka Mátyás Krisztián Baracza department of Geophysics University of MiskolcMiskolc-Egyetemváros3515Hungary MTA-ME Geoengineering Research Group University of MiskolcMiskolc-Egyetemváros3515Hungary Research Institute of Applied Earth Sciences University of MiskolcMiskolc-Egyetemváros3515Hungary

We present new quantitative model describing the pressure dependence of acoustic P-and S-wave *** that a variety of individual mechanisms or defects(such as cracks,pore collapse and grain crushing)can contribute to the pressure-dependent change of the wave velocity,we order a characteristic pressure to all of them and allow a series of exponential terms in the description of the(Pand S-waves)velocity-pressure *** estimate the parameters of the multi-exponential rock physical model in inversion procedures using laboratory measured P-and S-wave velocity *** is known,the conventional damped least squares method gives acceptable results only when one or two individual mechanisms are *** the number of exponential terms leads to highly nonlinear ill-posed inverse *** to this reason,we develop the spectral inversion method(SIM)in which the velocity amplitudes(the spectral lines in the characteristic pressure spectrum)are only considered as *** characteristic pressures(belonging to the velocity amplitudes)are excluded from the set of inversion unknowns,instead,they are defined in a set of fixed positions equidistantly distributed in the actual interval of the independent variable(pressure).Through this novel linear inversion method,we estimate the parameters of the multi-exponential rock physical model using laboratory measured P-and S-wave velocity *** characteristic pressures are related to the closing pressures of cracks which are described by well-known rock mechanical relationships depending on the aspect ratio of elliptical *** gives the possibility to estimate the aspect ratios in terms of the characteristic pressures.

关键词： Multi-exponential rock physical model Spectral inversion method(SIM) Crack aspect ratio Characteristic pressures

desorption isotherms and isosteric heat of anaerobic fermentation residues

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2019年第10期27卷 2510-2517页

作者： Tibor Poós Viktor szabó department of Building Services and Process Engineering Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsBertalan Lajos u.4-6H-1111 BudapestHungary

This paper presents the equilibrium desorption isotherms and the isosteric heat of sorption of a mixture containing mechanically dewatered fermentation residue(obtained from a blend of chicken,swine and cattle manure)used in biogas plants and corn spoiled silage in a ratio of 2:*** moisture desorption isotherms of the fermentation residue were determined at 32°C,40°C and 80°C and in the relative humidity range of 0.057/1 using static gravimetric *** equations were used to analyze the desorption data of Modified Henderson,Modified Halsey,Modified Oswin,Modified Chung–Pfost and Modified GAB *** constants of the model equations were calculated by non-linear regression *** Modified Henderson model fitted to the desorption isotherm data *** the proposed function,the final moisture content of the material can be determined as long as it can be dried in infinite time with the drying gas in the given *** isosteric heat of desorption was calculated by using the Modified Henderson model in the studied temperature range based on the Clausius–Clapeyron *** isosteric heat varied between 46 k J·mol-1 and 67 k J·mol-1 at moisture levels 1.91 b XedP-1 for the material.

关键词： desorption Equilibrium Model Measurement Isosteric heat

Uncorrected refractive errors are important causes of avoidable visual impairment in Hungary: re-evaluation of two existing national data sets

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2023年第6期16卷 955-961页

作者： János Németh Tennódaiki Gábor LászlóSándor Hajnalka Keve dorottya szabó Gábor Tóth Gergely dankovics István Barna Hans Limburg Zoltán Zsolt Nagy department of Ophthalmology Semmelweis UniversityBudapest 1085Hungary department of Media and Education Informatics Eötvös Loránd UniversityBudapest 1117Hungary department of Ophthalmology Petz Aladár HospitalGyör 9024Hungary Comprehensive Health Test Program of Hungary Szentendre 2000Hungary department of Internal Medicine and Oncology Semmelweis UniversityBudapest 1083Hungary Health Information Services Grootebroek 1613The Netherlands

·AIM: To review existing data for the prevalence of corrected, uncorrected, and inadequately corrected refractive errors and spectacle wear in Hungary.·METHOdS: data from two nationwide cross-sectional studies were analysed. The Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness study collected population-based representative national data on the prevalence of visual impairment due to uncorrected refractive errors and spectacle coverage in 3523 people aged ≥50y(Group I). The Comprehensive Health Test Program of Hungary provided data on the use of spectacles in 80 290 people aged ≥18y(Group Ⅱ).·RESULTS: In Group I, almost half of the survey population showed refractive errors for distant vision, about 10% of which were uncorrected(3.2% of all male participants and 5.0% of females). The distance spectacle coverage was 90.7%(91.9% in males;90.2% in females). The proportion of inadequate distance spectacles was found to be 33.1%. Uncorrected presbyopia was found in 15.7% of participants. In all age groups(Group Ⅱ), 65.4% of females and 56.0% of males used distance spectacles,and approximately 28.9% of these spectacles were found to be inappropriate for dioptric power(with 0.5 dioptres or more). The prevalence of inaccurate distance spectacles was significantly higher in older age groups(71y and above) in both sexes.·CONCLUSION: According to this population-based data, uncorrected refractive errors are not rare in Hungary. despite recent national initiatives, fur ther steps are required to reduce uncorrected refractive errors and associated negative effects on vision, such as avoidable visual impairment.

关键词： refractive errors uncorrected refractive errors spectacle wear inaccurate spectacles visual impairment

Understanding the importance of autophagy in human diseases using drosophila

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2019年第4期46卷 157-169页

作者： Arindam Bhattacharjee áron szabó Tamás Csizmadia Hajnalka Laczkó-dobos Gábor Juhász Institute of Genetics Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences department of Anatomy Cell and Developmental BiologyE€otv€os Loránd University

Autophagy is a lysosome-dependent intracellular degradation pathway that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various human diseases, either positively or negatively impacting disease outcomes depending on the specific context. The majority of medical conditions including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, infections and immune system disorders and inflammatory bowel disease could probably benefit from therapeutic modulation of the autophagy machinery. drosophila represents an excellent model animal to study disease mechanisms thanks to its sophisticated genetic toolkit, and the conservation of human disease genes and autophagic processes. Here, we provide an overview of the various autophagy pathways observed both in flies and human cells(macroautophagy, microautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy), and discuss drosophila models of the above-mentioned diseases where fly research has already helped to understand how defects in autophagy genes and pathways contribute to the relevant pathomechanisms.

关键词： drosophila Neurodegeneration Alzheimer’s disease Parkinson’s disease Cancer Inflammatory bowel disease Autophagy