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Substrate use and postural behavior in free-ranging snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus bieti)in Yunnan

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Integrative Zoology 2013年第4期8卷 335-345页

作者： cyril c.grueter Dayong LI Baoping REN Ming LI School of Anatomy Physiology and Human BiologyUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawleyAustralia college of Life Sciences China West Normal UniversityNanchongSichuanChina Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

Extant colobines represent a predominantly arboreal primate radiation,but there are outliers such as some species of snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus spp.)that utilize both arboreal and terrestrial substrates.We quantified the degree of terrestriality and the distribution of individuals across canopy levels,the extrinsic and intrinsic determinants and constraints of strata association as well as use of postures in relation to behavior and food sources in a wild population of Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus bieti)in the Samage Forest,china.The subjects spent 80.5%of the observation time in the trees and 19.5%on the ground.Ground use occurred most frequently in the context of travelling(61%)and less often in the context of feeding and resting(30%combined).Adult males frequented the ground significantly more often than other age-sex classes.Age-sex differences were also apparent in substrate preferences,which likely reflect body weight constraints.Adult males were significantly more associated with solid substrates and less with terminal branches than adult females and juveniles.Juveniles were seen more often on unstable ground(i.***.on thin and oblique branches)and in the upper canopy.Substrate use also varied with behavior:feeding was much more common in the upper stratum,outer canopy,on highly inclined and thin branches,as compared to resting.Severe weather also influenced canopy use in that tree crowns were used less often during periods of snowfall.The most frequently exhibited resting and feeding postures was sitting.Standing and suspensory postures were most often used in the context of feeding on lichens.

关键词： china colobine positional behavior posture terrestriality

A comparison of fecal sampling and direct feeding observations for quantifying the diet of a frugivorous primate

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current Zoology 2020年第4期66卷 333-343页

作者： Jaya K.MATTHEWS Amanda R.IDLEY Beth A.KApuN cyril c.grueter School of Human Sciences The University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWA 6009Australia UWA Africa Research&Engagement centre The University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWA 6009Australia centre for Evolutionary Biology School of Biological SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWA 6009Australia centre of Excellence in Biodiversity and Natural Resource Management University of RwandaHuyeRwanda School for the Environment University of MassachusettsBostonMA 02125-3393USA

Both observational and indirect evidence are widely used to determine the diets of wild animals.Direct observations are often assumed to provide the most comprehensive reflection of diet,but many wild animals are logistically challenging to observe.Despite the regular use of observa-tional and indirect methods for inferring diet in wild animals,they have rarely been compared in detail for the same study population.Over 12 months this study assessed the congruence of methods in estimating the diet of a montane community of eastern chimpanzees Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii in Nyungwe National Park,Rwanda using observational scan samples and macro-scopic fecal inspection.The assessment of the number of food species consumed each month was comparable between methods,but the estimation of the composition of items in the diet differed significantly.Most notably,the fecal samples significantly underestimated the consumption of flowers,and certain fruit species,which based on direct behavioral observations were seasonally consumed at very high rates.conversely,direct observations underestimated the consumption of leaves and pith in comparison to results present in the fecal samples.These results suggest that combining methods where possible is most useful for accurate monitoring of dietary trends,particularly for species that experience significant seasonal shifts in their diet.

关键词： chimpanzee comparative methods dietary analysis seasonality

Distribution of sleeping sites of the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey(Rhinopithecus bieti)in the Samage Forest,china

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Integrative Zoology 2013年第4期8卷 327-334页

作者： Dayong LI cyril c.grueter Baoping REN Ming LI Zhengsong PENG Fuwen WEI Key Laboratory of Southwest china Wildlife Resources conservation Ministry of EducationChina West Normal UniversityNanchongChina college of Life Sciences China West Normal UniversityNanchongChina Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Anthropological Institute and Museum University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Department of PrimatologyLeipzigGermany

Sleeping site locations are important to free-ranging primate groups.Sites are strategically selected by primates so as to optimize security,comfort and foraging efficiency.Data were collected on the distribution of sleeping sites of the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey(Rhinopithecus bieti)between Sep 2005 and Sep 2006 at Gehuaqing in Baimaxueshan Nature Reserve,china.We identified 54 sleeping sites,which were used 137 times during the study period.These sleeping sites were distributed throughout the monkey group’s total home range.R.bieti preferred certain sleeping sites over others:63%of the sleeping sites were used 2 or more times in 13 months.Groups reused locations in an unpredictable long-term pattern,but avoided using the same sleeping site on consecutive nights.To reduce the time and energetic costs of travel,monkeys preferred sleeping near commonly used feeding sites.We recorded 124 feeding sites in the home range,which were used 174 times.A total of 27 sleeping sites were also feeding sites,and all remaining sleeping sites were close to feeding sites.There was a positive correlation between the intensity of use of sleeping sites and feeding sites.The present study suggests that the availability and the location of immediate sources of food is a key factor in the choice of sleeping sites.

关键词： feeding site home range Rhinopithecus bieti sleeping site

Terrestrial behavior and use of forest strata in a group of black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys Rhinopithecus bieti at Xiaochangdu,Tibet

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current Zoology 2009年第3期55卷 180-187页

作者： Zuofu XIANG Sheng HUO Wen XIAO Ruichang QUAN cyril c.grueter college of Life Science and Technology Central South University of Forestry ＆ Technology Changsha 410004 Hunan China Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences （CAS） Kunming 650223 Yunnan China Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research Dali University Dali 671000 Yunnan China Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Science Mengla 666303 Yunnan China Anthropological Institute University of Zurich 8057 Zurich Switzerland

Food distribution and predation pressure are considered to be the main ecological factors that influence the use of forest strata(basically arboreality vs.terrestriality)in non-human primates.Here,we investigate ground use of wild,unprovisioned black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys Rhinopithecus bieti by means of the scan sampling method.The results show that the monkeys spent 15.0% of the day time on the ground;16.6%,12.7%,and 15.6% for adult males,adult females and juveniles,respectively.Adult males and juveniles of both sexes showed significantly higher rates of terrestrial time than adult females.Females without clinging infants spent significantly more time on the ground than expected,while females with clinging infants spent significantly less time on the ground than expected.These results suggest that the higher degree of terrestrial behavior for males and juveniles may be due to their higher agility in comparison with females.Our study showed that the monkeys fed more on lichens relative to other food items when in the trees,but more on buds/leaves,flowers,fruits/nuts,resin/bark,and herbs when on the ground.According to our investigation,the ecological significance of the species' terrestriality lies mainly in the utilization of terrestrial food

关键词：灵长类动物金丝猴生活习惯食物资源

Vocal repertoire of the critically endangered whiteheaded langur(Trachypithecus leucocephalus): call types, acoustic structures, and related social-ecological contexts

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Zoological Research 2022年第5期43卷 875-879页

作者： Peng-Lai Fan Jia-Xing Li Li-Ting Yang Tao Sun Shi-Jun Wu cyril cgrueter cheng-Ming Huang Qi-Hai Zhou Ming Li cAS Key Lab Animal Ecology&conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection(Guangxi Normal University) Ministry of EducationGuilinGuangxi 541006China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology College of Life SciencesGuangxi Normal UniversityGuilinGuangxi 541006China Guangxi chongzuo White-headed Langur National Nature Reserve ChongzuoGuangxi 532200China Department of Anatomy Physiologyand Human BiologySchool of Human SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaPerth WA 6009Australia centre for Evolutionary Biology School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaPerth WA 6009Australia International center of Biodiversity and Primate conservation Dali UniversityDaliYunnan 671003China center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223China

DEAR EDITOR,We examined the vocal repertoire of the critically endangered white-headed langur(Trachypithecus leucocephalus)inhabiting karst limestone forests in china.We identified 17 call types across all age/sex classes based on human auditory perception,spectrogram assessment,and quantitative analysis of 25 acoustic parameters extracted from 409 high-quality calls.In total,11 types of calls produced by adults corresponded to the simple one-male multi-female social groups of white-headed langurs.

关键词： white critically karst

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中国云南塔城滇金丝猴的社会结构(英文)

兽类学报 2007年第2期27卷 120-122页

作者：刘泽华丁伟 cyril c.grueter 青海师范大学青藏高原生态研究所西宁810008 Anthropological Institute University of Zürich-Irchel

在云南塔城附近的山地森林中,我们利用摄象机记录了一群滇金丝猴通过山谷和在水源地饮水的过程。我们利用这些记录分析这群滇金丝猴的种群大小、组成成员以及个体的空间分布,并利用连续通过个体之间的时间间隔来揭示社会结构。塔城滇金... 详细信息

在云南塔城附近的山地森林中,我们利用摄象机记录了一群滇金丝猴通过山谷和在水源地饮水的过程。我们利用这些记录分析这群滇金丝猴的种群大小、组成成员以及个体的空间分布,并利用连续通过个体之间的时间间隔来揭示社会结构。塔城滇金丝猴群由366个个体组成,是目前所知最大的滇金丝猴群体。猴群内雌性个体较多。猴群可以分为26个单位,其中有19个单雄多雌单位、5个多雄多雌单位和2个全雄单位。统计结果表明单位内个体间的时间间隔显著比单位间的短。2/3以上的亚成年雄性个体和全雄单位一起活动。猴群在地面活动时全雄单位位于猴群的外围,充当前卫和后卫。塔城猴群的生命表组成结构与吾牙普亚猴群的大致一样,同样是多层社会结构,单雄多雌和全雄单位构成猴群的主体。亚成年雄性多数与全雄单位一起活动,表明雄性可能会从其出生的单雄多雌单位中迁移出来。

关键词：滇金丝猴社会结构空间分布群体移动一雄单位全雄单位多雄单位

贵州麻阳河自然保护区黑叶猴利用洞穴的观察(英文)

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Zoological Research 2006年第5期27卷 558-560页

作者： cyril c.grueter 丁伟 Anthropologisches Institut und Museum Universitt Zürich-Irchel Winterthurerstr 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland 青海师范大学青藏高原生态研究所青海西宁810008

非人灵长类利用洞穴是非常稀少的现象。2003年11—12月和2004年初在贵州麻阳河自然保护区观察到黑叶猴(Trachypithecusfranoisi)有利用洞穴的现象。白天有二群(分别为10和14只)在栖息地附近活动,黄昏前回到悬崖边几个喀斯特地形山洞中... 详细信息

非人灵长类利用洞穴是非常稀少的现象。2003年11—12月和2004年初在贵州麻阳河自然保护区观察到黑叶猴(Trachypithecusfranoisi)有利用洞穴的现象。白天有二群(分别为10和14只)在栖息地附近活动,黄昏前回到悬崖边几个喀斯特地形山洞中的一个洞。躲避风雨等不良的气候条件、获得矿物质、安全等因素可能是黑叶猴利用洞穴的原因。

关键词：黑叶猴贵州麻阳河自然保护区洞穴利用

characteristics of night-time sleeping places selected by golden monkeys(Rhinopithecus bieti)in the Samage Forest,Baima Snow Mountain Nature Reserve,china

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Integrative Zoology 2006年第4期1卷 141-152页

作者： Dayong LI cyril c.grueter Baoping REN Qihai ZHOU Ming LI Zhengsong PENG Fuwen WEI Animal Ecology and conservation Genetics Group Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesHaidianBeijingChina college of Life Science China West Normal UniversityNanchongSichuanChina Anthropological Institute and Museum University of Zürich-IrchelSwitzerland college of Life Science Guangxi Normal UniversityGuilinGuangxiChina

We examined the criteria for sleeping place selection in a social band of Rhinopithecus bieti(black-and-white snubnosed or golden monkeys)living in the mountainous Samage Forest,Baima Snow Mountain Nature Reserve,Yunnan,china.We performed principal component analysis and found that slope aspect,tree height and trunk diameter were likely key variables influencing selection of sleeping places.Sleeping sites were preferentially located in mixed deciduous/conifer forest.The monkeys slept exclusively in evergreen trees,of which 82%were conifers(mostly Picea likiangensis and Tsuga dumosa)and 18%evergreen oaks(cyclobalanopsis oxyodon and Quercus spp.).Sleeping trees were tall(mean 30.5 m),had high boles(mean 18.4 m),large diameters(mean 62.6 cm)and large crown areas(mean 57.9 m^(2)).A comparative analysis of phytological and architectural features between trees in“sleeping site plots”(n=18)and trees in“non-sleeping-site plots”(n=66)revealed that diameter,crown surface area and tree height were significantly(Pcompared with the latter.All investigated roosting sites were situated on steep mountain slopes.Valleys and mountain ridges were avoided.We also detected re-use of roosting sites on several occasions,but not on consecutive nights.It is most likely that a mix of factors(stability of trees,access to food,unit cohesion,monitoring potential)explains the pattern of sleeping site preference,but predation at night seems to be only slightly important.climate appears to have a profound influence on patterns of sleeping site selection in the monkeys’harsh temperate habitat.This is demonstrated by the monkeys’preference for mixed forest at medium elevations over montane fir forest at high elevations and slopes instead of ridges,with reduced exposure to wind and precipitation inherent in the former.We also emphasize the possibly substantial role that non-environmental factors(the nature of social organization and socio-behavioral strategies)play in determining sleeping site use in R.bieti and other pr

关键词： black-and-white snub-nosed monkey colobinae conifers predation sleeping sites sleeping trees temperate environment

白马雪山自然保护区格花箐滇金丝猴夜宿地的季节性选择

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兽类学报 2009年第4期29卷 389-395页

作者：黎大勇任宝平 cyril c.grueter 周岐海彭正松魏辅文李保国西北大学生命科学学院西部资源生物与现代生物技术省部共建教育部重点实验室西安710069 中国科学院动物研究所动物生态与保护生物学重点实验室北京100101 西华师范大学生命科学学院南充637002 Anthropological Institute and Museum University of Zürich-Irchel 广西师范大学生命科学学院桂林541004

2005年9月至2006年9月,在白马雪山自然保护区南端的格花箐,对一群(约250只)滇金丝猴的夜宿地选择与利用情况进行调查。整个调查历时13个月,确认研究群的夜宿点54个,共记录夜宿地的利用次数137次,提示研究群在其中一些地点多次夜宿。滇... 详细信息

2005年9月至2006年9月,在白马雪山自然保护区南端的格花箐,对一群(约250只)滇金丝猴的夜宿地选择与利用情况进行调查。整个调查历时13个月,确认研究群的夜宿点54个,共记录夜宿地的利用次数137次,提示研究群在其中一些地点多次夜宿。滇金丝猴夜宿地在平均海拔分布上存在明显的季节性差异:夏季猴群夜宿地的平均海拔为3352m,为一年中夜宿地分布最高的时期;春季猴群则多选择在低海拔地区夜宿,平均海拔在一年中最低(3082m)。猴群夜宿地集中分布于3200～3400m的海拔范围,随季节变化,不同海拔梯度上的夜宿地数量和利用频次差异明显。虽然猴群夜宿地主要位于针阔混交林中,但是不同季节猴群夜宿地植被的组成明显不同。猴群明显偏好在位于南坡面和西坡面的地点过夜,在夏季和秋季尚未发现北坡向的夜宿地。研究还表明,不同季节,猴群都会不同程度地在少数几个地点多次过夜,但大多数夜宿地在一年中仅利用一次。滇金丝猴为什么会对某些地点多次利用尚需进一步研究证实。

关键词：滇金丝猴夜宿地海拔季节变化植被类型