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Using RGB displays to portray colorrealistic imagery to animal eyes

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Current Zoology 2017年第1期63卷 27-34页

作者： cynthia TEDORE Sonke JOHNSEN Department of Biology Lund University Solvegatan 35 Lund 223 62 Sweden Department of Biology DukeUniversity Durham 125 Science Drive NC 27708 USA

RGB displays effectively simulate millions of colors in the eyes of humans by modulating the rela-tive amount of light emitted by 3 differently colored juxtaposed lights （red, green, and blue）. Therelationship between the ratio of red, green, and blue light and the perceptual experience of thatlight has been well defined by psychophysical experiments in humans, but is unknown in *** perceptual experience of an animal looking at an RGB display of imagery designed for humansis likely to poorly represent an animal＇s experience of the same stimulus in the real world. This isdue, in part, to the fact that many animals have different numbers of photoreceptor classes thanhumans do and that their photoreceptor classes have peak sensitivities centered over differentparts of the ultraviolet and visible spectrum. However, it is sometimes possible to generate videosthat accurately mimic natural stimuli in the eyes of another animal, even if that animal＇s sensitivityextends into the ultraviolet portion of the spectrum. How independently each RGB phosphor stimu-lates each of an animal＇s photoreceptor classes determines the range of colors that can be simu-lated for that animal. What is required to determine optimal color rendering for another animal is adevice capable of measuring absolute or relative quanta of light across the portion of the spectrumvisible to the animal （i.e., a spectrometer）, and data on the spectral sensitivities of the animal＇sphotoreceptor classes. In this article, we outline how to use such equipment and information togenerate video stimuli that mimic, as closely as possible, an animal＇s color perceptual experienceof real-world objects.

关键词： color vision, computer animation, perception, video playback, virtual reality.

Using Domain Ontology in a Semantic Blogging System for Construction Professionals

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2008年第S1期13卷 279-285页

作者： cynthia Changxin Wang School of the Built Environment Faculty of Design Architecture and Building University of Technology Sydney

Smooth communication is essential for the success of construction projects. As an easy-to-use, context-rich, and high-capacity communication tool, blogging is gaining popularity in construction industry. In this paper, the features of blogging technology and how it could benefit construction organizations are presented. To further improve the effectiveness of blogging technology in information and knowledge sharing, an ontology-based semantic blogging system is proposed. Semantic blogging is an extension of conventional blogging and ontology is the key enabling technology for it. Domain-ontology-based semantic blogging site is composed of a network of concepts, which are clearly defined and interlinked according to their context and bound to certain behaviors. This paper reports how the e-Cognos ontology was implemented into a blogging system and how the system functions to process its contents. The paper concludes that using on-tology-based semantic blogging site can greatly enhance information sharing between construction professionals and it is a very promising tool for construction communities to publish and share their experience.

关键词： semantic blogging ontology construction industry information technology

Occurrence and formation of disinfection by-products in the swimming pool environment： A critical review

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第8期29卷 19-50页

作者： Rhys A.A.Carter cynthia A.Joll Curtin Water Quality Research Centre Department of Chemistry Curtin Uniuersity Perth Western Australia 6102 Australia

Disinfection of water for human use is essential to protect against microbial disease;however, disinfection also leads to formation of disinfection by-products（DBPs）, some of which are of health concern. From a chemical perspective, swimming pools are a complex matrix, with continual addition of a wide range of natural and anthropogenic chemicals via filling waters, disinfectant addition, pharmaceuticals and personal care products and human body excretions. Natural organic matter, trace amounts of DBPs and chlorine or chloramines may be introduced by the filling water, which is commonly disinfected distributed drinking water. Chlorine and/or bromine is continually introduced via the addition of chemical disinfectants to the pool. Human body excretions（sweat, urine and saliva） and pharmaceuticals and personal care products（sunscreens, cosmetics, hair products and lotions） are introduced by swimmers. High addition of disinfectant leads to a high formation of DBPs from reaction of some of the chemicals with the *** pool air is also of concern as volatile DBPs partition into the air above the *** presence of bromine leads to the formation of a wide range of bromo-and bromo/chloro-DBPs, and Br-DBPs are more toxic than their chlorinated analogues. This is particularly important for seawater-filled pools or pools using a bromine-based *** review summarises chemical contaminants and DBPs in swimming pool waters, as well as in the air above pools. Factors that have been found to affect DBP formation in pools are discussed. The impact of the swimming pool environment on human health is reviewed.

关键词： Disinfection by-products Disinfection Swimming pool Spa Water quality Health effects

Hepatic macrophages in liver homeostasis and diseasesdiversity,plasticity and therapeutic opportunities

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第1期18卷 45-56页

作者： Yankai Wen Joeri Lambrecht cynthia Ju Frank Tacke Department of Anesthesiology McGovern Medical SchoolUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTXUSA Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology Charity University Medicine BerlinBerlinGermany

Macrophages,which are key cellular components of the liver,have emerged as essential players in the maintenance of hepatic homeostasis and in injury and repair processes in acute and chronic liver *** liver injury,resident Kupffer cells(KCs)sense disturbances in homeostasis,interact with hepatic cell populations and release chemokines to recruit circulating leukocytes,including monocytes,which subsequently differentiate into monocyte-derived macrophages(MoMφs)in the *** KCs and MoMφs contribute to both the progression and resolution of tissue inflammation and injury in various liver *** diversity of hepatic macrophage subsets and their plasticity explain their different functional responses in distinct liver *** this review,we highlight novel findings regarding the origins and functions of hepatic macrophages and discuss the potential of targeting macrophages as a therapeutic strategy for liver disease.

关键词： Kupffer cells monocyte-derived macrophages liver inflammation liver fibrosis liver cancer

Comparison of intraocular pressure peak and fluctuations among Filipino patients with non-glaucomatous eyes and glaucoma suspects using water drinking test and diurnal intraocular pressure

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2021年第11期14卷 1729-1734页

作者： Anelisa Koh cynthia Verzosa Department of Ophthalmology Jose R.Reyes Memorial Medical CenterManila 1003Philippines

AIM:To compare the intraocular pressure(IOP)peaks and fluctuations using water drinking tests(WDTs)and mean diurnal IOP among Filipino patients with normal eyes and glaucoma suspectsMETHODS:This prospective study included normal and glaucoma suspect *** patient underwent both WDT and mean diurnal examination on separate *** mean diurnal examination,IOP was recorded every 2 h for 8 h while in WDT,IOP was recorded prior to WDT,and postWDT at 5,15,30,45,and 60 *** peak was recorded as the highest IOP for both methods,and IOP fluctuation was recorded as highest IOP minus lowest ***:With the comparison of diagnostic tests,both normal eyes and glaucoma suspect groups,the peak IOP was caught at 15 *** analysis of both groups also showed that the peak IOP measurements were statistically higher for the WDT compared to mean diurnal IOP(P=0.039,P=0.048 under normal group and P=0.032 and P=0.031 under glaucoma suspect group).Similarly,the WDT had a statistically higher mean IOP fluctuation score than the mean diurnal IOP method in both groups(P=0.003,P=0.011 under normal group;P=0.002 and P=0.005 under glaucoma suspect group).CONCLUSION:This study shows that WDT is a comparable diagnostic exam in predicting IOP fluctuations than mean diurnal *** is a promising diagnostic procedure for risk assessment in glaucoma.

关键词： glaucoma waterdrinking test intraocular pressure intraocular pressure peak fluctuation

CT and MRI of the liver for hepatocellular carcinoma

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Hepatoma Research 2020年第9期6卷 93-106页

作者： cynthia Santillan Department of Radiology University of California San DiegoSan DiegoCA 92103USA.

Computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)are commonly used modalities for the imaging based diagnosis and staging of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).The Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System(LI-RADS)was initially released in 2011 in an effort to standardize the interpretation and reporting of these studies in patients at increased risk for the development of *** the release of LI-RADS v2018,LI-RADS has reached two important milestones-10 years since the formation of the American College of Radiology supported LI-RADS committee and integration of LI-RADS into the 2018 American Association for the Study of Liver Disease practice guidance for *** this article,we will discuss recent changes to LI-RADS with v2018,technical recommendations for the performance of CT and MRI in patients at risk for HCC,and critical imaging features in the LI-RADS algorithm.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System magnetic resonance imaging computed tomography

Yield strength of“brittle”metallic glass

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第18期149卷 247-254页

作者： Ruitao Qu cynthia A.Volkert Zhefeng Zhang Feng Liu State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing School of Materials Science and EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Institute of Materials Physics University of GöttingenFriedrich-Hund-Platz 137077 GöttingenGermany Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China

“Brittle”metallic glass(MG)usually fractures catastrophically in a shattering mode under macroscopic compression,because cleavage cracking of splitting that originates from extrinsic flaws dominates the failure of such alloys,which brings challenges for studying yield *** we show that the plastic yielding behavior in a brittle Fe-based MG can be successfully activated by decreasing the sample size to micrometer scale to avoid the possible large tensile stress *** yield strength was found to be at least 33%higher than the fracture strength measured with bulk samples for the present brittle *** results further demonstrate that the critical stresses for shear band initiation and propagation are size-independent,while the required stress for cleavage cracking increases with decreasing sample *** competition of thermodynamic driving forces between the two processes of shear banding and cleavage cracking hence leads to the size-induced brittle-to *** findings clarify the physical nature of the strength of“brittle”MG,implying the great opportunity for using high-strength brittle MGs in devices with small dimensions.

关键词： Metallic glass Yield strength Fracture Shear band Cracking

Gut microbiota alterations are distinct for primary colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma

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Protein & Cell 2021年第5期12卷 374-393页

作者： Wei Jia cynthia Rajani Hongxi Xu Xiaojiao Zheng Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghai 200233China Hong Kong Tranditional Chinese Medicine Phenome Research Center School of Chinese MedicineHong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon Tong 999077Hong KongChina University of Hawaii Cancer Center HonoluluHI 96813USA School of Pharmacy Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 201203China

Colorectal cancer(CRC)and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)are the second and third most common causes of death by cancer,*** etiologies of the two cancers are either infectious insult or due to chronic use of alcohol,smoking,diet,obesity and *** changes in the composition of the gut microbiota that lead to intestinal inflammation are a common factor for both HCC and ***,the gut microbiota of the cancer patient evolves with disease pathogenesis in unique ways that are affected by etiologies and environmental *** this review,we examine the changes that occur in the composition of the gut microbiota across the stages of the HCC and *** on the idea that the gut microbiota are an additional“lifeline”and contribute to the tumor microenvironment,we can observe from previously published literature how the microbiota can cause a shift in the balance from normal→inflammation→diminished inflammation from early to later disease *** pattern leads to the hypothesis that tumor survival depends on a less proinflammatory tumor *** differences observed in the gut microbiota composition between different disease etiologies as well as between HCC and CRC suggest that the tumor microenvironment is unique for each case.

关键词： gut microbiota colorectal cancer hepatocellular carcinoma

Trace amounts of antibiotic altered metabolomic and microbial profiles of weaned pigs infected with a pathogenic ***

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第5期13卷 1576-1590页

作者： Kwangwook Kim cynthia Jinno Peng Ji Yanhong Liu Department of Animal Science University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Department of Nutrition University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA

Background:Our previous study has shown that supplementation of trace amounts of antibiotic exacerbated the detrimental effects of enterotoxigenic ***(ETEC)infection and delayed the recovery of pigs that may be associated with modified metabolites and metabolic ***,the objective of this study was to explore the impacts of trace levels of antibiotic(carbadox)on host metabolic profiles and colon microbiota of weaned pigs experimentally infected with ETEC ***:The multivariate analysis highlighted a distinct metabolomic profile of serum and colon digesta between trace amounts of antibiotic(TRA;0.5 mg/kg carbadox)and label-recommended dose antibiotic(REC;50 mg/kg carbadox)on d 5 post-inoculation(PI).The relative abundance of metabolomic markers of amino acids,carbohydrates,and purine metabolism were significantly differentiated between the TRA and REC groups(qow responses against ETEC F18 *** altered gut microbiota profiles by labelrecommended dose antibiotic may contribute to the promotion of disease resistance in weaned pigs.

关键词： Carbadox Colon microbiota Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Metabolomics Weaned pigs