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Hybridization despite elaborate courtship behavior and female choice in Neotropical tree frogs

Integrative Zoology 2023年第2期18卷 208-224页

作者： Renato C.NALI Kelly R.ZAMUDIO cynthia p.a.prado programa de pós-Graduação em Ecologia Evolução e BiodiversidadeInstituto de BiociênciasUniversidade Estadual PaulistaRio ClaroSão PauloBrazil Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA Department of Integrative Biology University of TexasAustinTexasUSA Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e VeterináriasUniversidade Estadual Paulista“Júlio de Mesquita Filho”JaboticabalSão PauloBrazil

The mechanisms of hybridization can be elucidated by analyzing genotypes as well as phenotypes that could act as premating barriers,as the reproductive interactions among heterospeciﬁcs can alter the evolutionary history of *** frogs,hybrids typically occur among species that reproduce explosively(in dense aggregations)with few opportunities for mate selection but are rare in species with elaborate courtship behaviors that may prevent erroneous *** 21 microsatellite markers,we examined hybridization in the prolonged-breeding tree frogs Bokermannohyla ibitiguara and *** sampled within a contact zone in the Brazilian savanna(72 tadpoles;74 adults).We also compared acoustic and morphological *** conﬁrmed both parental species genetically;STRUCTURE results conﬁrmed 14 hybrids,11 of which were second-generation according to NEWHYBRIDS,all with intermediate values of genetic dissimilarities compared to the *** and acoustic analyses revealed that hybrids showed variable but not necessarily intermediate ***,2 hybrids exhibited call types different from *** reproduction of *** involves territorial and aggressive males,elaborate courtships with acoustic and tactile stimuli,choosy females,and opportunistic *** study uncovers a rare case of viable hybridization among closely related frogs with such a combination of complex courtship behaviors and mate *** discuss the likely directionality and mechanisms behind this phenomenon,and highlight the importance of investigating hybridization even in species that show elaborate reproduction and female choice to advance our understanding of animal diversiﬁcation.

关键词： heterospeciﬁc mating hybrid zone Hylidae microsatellites prolonged-breeding

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Clinical and socioeconomic determinants of survival in biliary tract adenocarcinomas

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第4期16卷 1374-1383页

作者： Laura Sahyoun Kay Chen cynthia Tsay George Chen petr protiva Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10065United States Gastroenterology Section Jennifer Moreno VA San Diego Healthcare SystemSan DiegoCA 92161United States Division of Gastroenterology Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology John Hopkins HospitalBaltimoreMD 21287United States Department of Digestive Diseases Yale New Haven HospitalNew HavenCT 06520United States Department of Gastroenterology VA Connecticut Health Care SystemWest HavenCT 06516United States

BACKGROUND Despite advances in detection and treatments,biliary tract cancers continue to have poor survival ***,there is limited data investigating the significance of socioeconomic status,race/ethnicity,and environmental factors in biliary tract cancer *** from the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results database for biliary and gallbladder adenocarcinomas were extracted from 1975 to ***-conomic data included smoking,poverty level,education,adjusted household income,and percentage of foreign-born persons and urban *** was calculated with Cox proportional hazards models for death in the 5-year period following *** Our study included 15883 gallbladder,11466 intrahepatic biliary,12869 extrahepatic biliary and 7268 ampulla of Vater adenocarcinoma *** analyzing county-specific demographics,patients from counties with higher incomes were associated with higher survival rates[hazard ratio(HR)=0.97,ppercentage of patients with a college level education and counties with a higher urban population had higher 5-year survival rates(HR=0.96,p=0.002 and HR=0.97,p=0.004,respectively).CONCLUSION Worse survival outcomes were observed in lower income counties while higher income and education level were associated with higher 5-year overall survival among gallbladder and biliary malignancies.

关键词： Biliary tract cancers Survival Outcomes research Socioeconomic factors Healthcare disparities

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Impact of an oligosaccharide-based polymer on the metabolic profiles and microbial ecology of weanling pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic ***

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 749-764页

作者： Kwangwook Kim cynthia Jinno Xunde Li David Bravo Eric Cox peng Ji Yanhong Liu Department of Animal Science University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Department of Animal Science Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los AngelesCA 90084USA School of Veterinary Medicine University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA pancosma|ADM 1180 RolleSwitzerland Nutreco Exploration NutrecoThe Netherlands Department of Virology Parasitology and ImmunologyGhent University9000 GhentBelgium Department of Nutrition University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA

Background Our previous study has reported that supplementation of oligosaccharide-based polymer enhances gut health and disease resistance of pigs infected with enterotoxigenic ***(ETEC)F18 in a manner similar to *** objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of oligosaccharide-based polymer or antibiotic on the host metabolic profiles and colon microbiota of weaned pigs experimentally infected with ETEC *** Multivariate analysis highlighted the differences in the metabolic profiles of serum and colon digesta which were predominantly found between pigs supplemented with oligosaccharide-based polymer and *** relative abundance of metabolic markers of immune responses and nutrient metabolisms,such as amino acids and carbohydrates,were significantly differentiated between the oligosaccharide-based polymer and antibiotic groups(q2.0).In addition,pigs in antibiotic had a reduced(ppiraceae and Lactobacillaceae,whereas had greater(pptococcaceae in the colon digesta on d 11 post-inoculation(pI)compared with d 5 *** The impact of oligosaccharide-based polymer on the metabolic and microbial profiles of pigs is not fully understood,and further exploration is ***,current research suggest that various mechanisms are involved in the enhanced disease resistance and performance in ETEC-challenged pigs by supplementing this polymer.

关键词： Carbadox Colon microbiota Enterotoxigenic E.coli F18 Metabolomics Oligosaccharide-based polymer Weaned pigs

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Integrated Single-cell Multiomic Analysis of HIV Latency Reversal Reveals Novel Regulators of Viral Reactivation

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Genomics, proteomics & Bioinformatics 2024年第1期22卷 67-88页

作者： Manickam Ashokkumar Wenwen Mei Jackson J.peterson Yuriko Harigaya David M.Murdoch David M.Margolis Caleb Kornfein Alex Oesterling Zhicheng Guo cynthia D.Rudin Yuchao Jiang Edward p.Browne Department of Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA HIV Cure Center University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA Department of Biostatistics University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA Department of Genetics University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA Department of Medicine Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Department of Computer Science Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Department of Statistics Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Department of Biology Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA

Despite the success of antiretroviral therapy,human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)cannot be cured because of a reservoir of latently infected cells that evades *** understand the mechanisms of HIV latency,we employed an integrated single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)and single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing(scATAC-seq)approach to simultaneously profile the transcriptomic and epigenomic characteristics of~125,000 latently infected primary CD4^(+)T cells after reactivation using three different latency reversing *** expressed genes and differentially accessible motifs were used to examine transcriptional pathways and transcription factor(TF)activities across the cell *** identified cellular transcripts and TFs whose expression/activity was correlated with viral reactivation and demonstrated that a machine learning model trained on these data was 75%-79%accurate at predicting viral ***,we validated the role of two candidate HIV-regulating factors,FOXp1 and GATA3,in viral *** data demonstrate the power of integrated multimodal single-cell analysis to uncover novel relationships between host cell factors and HIV latency.

关键词： HIV latency reversal primary CD4þT cell Single-cell multiomics HIV-regulating factor Machine learning

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2023年美国麻醉医师学会神经肌肉阻滞监测与拮抗实践指南:美国麻醉医师学会工作组关于神经肌肉阻滞的报告

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中华麻醉学杂志 2024年第5期44卷 518-542页

作者： Stephan R.Thilen Wade A.Weigel Michael M.Todd Richard p.Dutton cynthia A.Lien Stuart A.Grant Joseph W.Szokol Lars I.Eriksson Myron Yaster Mark D.Grant Madhulika Agarkar Anne M.Marbella Jaime F.Blanck Karen B.Domino 西雅图华盛顿州明尼阿波里斯明尼苏达州达拉斯得克萨斯州密尔沃基威斯康星州教堂山北卡罗来纳州洛杉矶加利福尼亚州斯德哥尔摩瑞典丹佛科罗拉多州绍姆堡伊利诺斯州巴尔的摩马里兰州

本实践指南基于证据提供了全身麻醉期间及术后神经肌肉功能监测与阻滞拮抗的管理推荐。主要关注神经肌肉功能监测的类型与部位及阻滞拮抗的过程,以减少肌肉松弛药残留阻滞。

关键词：神经肌肉阻滞肌肉松弛药神经肌肉功能监测舒更葡糖钠新斯的明

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Comparison of intraocular pressure peak and fluctuations among Filipino patients with non-glaucomatous eyes and glaucoma suspects using water drinking test and diurnal intraocular pressure

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2021年第11期14卷 1729-1734页

作者： Anelisa Koh cynthia Verzosa Department of Ophthalmology Jose R.Reyes Memorial Medical CenterManila 1003Philippines

AIM:To compare the intraocular pressure(IOp)peaks and fluctuations using water drinking tests(WDTs)and mean diurnal IOp among Filipino patients with normal eyes and glaucoma suspectsMETHODS:This prospective study included normal and glaucoma suspect *** patient underwent both WDT and mean diurnal examination on separate *** mean diurnal examination,IOp was recorded every 2 h for 8 h while in WDT,IOp was recorded prior to WDT,and postWDT at 5,15,30,45,and 60 *** peak was recorded as the highest IOp for both methods,and IOp fluctuation was recorded as highest IOp minus lowest ***:With the comparison of diagnostic tests,both normal eyes and glaucoma suspect groups,the peak IOp was caught at 15 *** analysis of both groups also showed that the peak IOp measurements were statistically higher for the WDT compared to mean diurnal IOp(p=0.039,p=0.048 under normal group and p=0.032 and p=0.031 under glaucoma suspect group).Similarly,the WDT had a statistically higher mean IOp fluctuation score than the mean diurnal IOp method in both groups(p=0.003,p=0.011 under normal group;p=0.002 and p=0.005 under glaucoma suspect group).CONCLUSION:This study shows that WDT is a comparable diagnostic exam in predicting IOp fluctuations than mean diurnal *** is a promising diagnostic procedure for risk assessment in glaucoma.

关键词： glaucoma waterdrinking test intraocular pressure intraocular pressure peak fluctuation

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Neurofibromatosis:The role of guanosine triphosphatase activating proteins in sensory neuron function

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生理学报 2008年第5期60卷 581-583页

作者： cynthia M.Hingtgen Departments of Neurology and pharmacology and Toxicology Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA

Neurofibromatosis type 1(NF1) is a common autosomal dominant disease characterized by formation of multiple benign and malignant *** with this disorder also experience chronic pain,which can be ***,the protein product of the Nf1 gene,is a guanosine triphosphatase activating protein(GAp) for p21Ras(Ras).Loss of Nf1 results in an increase in activity of the Ras transduction *** of the growing evidence suggesting involvement of downstream components of the Ras transduction cascade in the sensitization of nociceptive sensory neurons,we examined the stimulus-evoked release of the neuropeptides,substance p(Sp) and calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRp),from primary sensory neurons of mice with a mutation of the Nf1 gene(Nf1+/-).Measuring the levels of Sp and CGRp by radioimmunoassay,we demonstrated that capsaicinstimulated release of neuropeptides is 3-5 folds higher in spinal cord slices from Nf1+/-mice than that from wildtype mouse *** addition,the potassium-and capsaicin-stimulated release of CGRp from the culture of sensory neurons isolated from Nf1+/-mice was more than double that from the culture of wildtype *** patch-clamp electrophysiological techniques,we also examined the excitability of capsaicin-sensitive sensory *** was found that the number of action potentials generated by the neurons from Nf1+/-mice,responsing to a ramp of depolarizing current,was more than three times of that generated by wildtype *** with that observation,neurons from Nf1+/-mice had lower firing thresholds,lower rheobase currents and shorter firing latencies compared with wildtype *** data clearly demonstrate that GAps,such as neurofibromin,can alter the excitability of nociceptive sensory *** augmented response of sensory neurons with altered Ras signaling may explain the abnormal pain sensations experienced by people with NF1 and suggests an important role of GAps in the mechanism of sensor

关键词：感觉神经元神经系统蛋白质多发性神经纤维瘤临床分析

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Trace amounts of antibiotic altered metabolomic and microbial profiles of weaned pigs infected with a pathogenic ***

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第5期13卷 1576-1590页

作者： Kwangwook Kim cynthia Jinno peng Ji Yanhong Liu Department of Animal Science University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Department of Nutrition University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA

Background:Our previous study has shown that supplementation of trace amounts of antibiotic exacerbated the detrimental effects of enterotoxigenic ***(ETEC)infection and delayed the recovery of pigs that may be associated with modified metabolites and metabolic ***,the objective of this study was to explore the impacts of trace levels of antibiotic(carbadox)on host metabolic profiles and colon microbiota of weaned pigs experimentally infected with ETEC ***:The multivariate analysis highlighted a distinct metabolomic profile of serum and colon digesta between trace amounts of antibiotic(TRA;0.5 mg/kg carbadox)and label-recommended dose antibiotic(REC;50 mg/kg carbadox)on d 5 post-inoculation(pI).The relative abundance of metabolomic markers of amino acids,carbohydrates,and purine metabolism were significantly differentiated between the TRA and REC groups(qpigs in REC group had the highest(pppiraceae in the colon digesta on d 5 *** d 11 pI,pigs in REC had greater(ppared with other groups,whereas had reduced(pprevotellaceae than pigs in control ***:Trace amounts of antibiotic resulted in differential metabolites and metabolic pathways that may be associated with its slow responses against ETEC F18 *** altered gut microbiota profiles by labelrecommended dose antibiotic may contribute to the promotion of disease resistance in weaned pigs.

关键词： Carbadox Colon microbiota Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Metabolomics Weaned pigs

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Image processing methods to evaluate tomato and zucchini damage in post-harvest stages

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2017年第5期10卷 126-133页

作者： José Antonio Alvarez-Bermejo cynthia Giagnocavo Li Ming Encarnación Castillo Morales Diego p.Morales Santos Yang Xinting Department of Informatics CeiA3University of AlmeriaAlmeriaCP 04120Spain Cátedra(Chair)Coexphal-UAL of Horticulture Cooperative Studies and Sustainable DevelopmentUniversity of AlmeríaSpain Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture/National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture/National Engineering Laboratory for Agri-product Quality Traceability/Key Laboratory for Information Technologies in Agriculture Ministry of AgricultureBeijing 100097China Department of Electronics and Computer Technology Facultad de CienciasGranadaCP 18071Spain

Through the supply chain,the quality or quality change of the products can generate important *** quality control in some steps is made manually that supposes a high level of subjectivity,controlling the quality and its evolution using automatic systems can suppose a reduction of the *** some automatic image analysis techniques in the case of tomatoes and zucchini is the main objective of this *** steps in the supply chain are considered,the feeding of the raw products into the handling chain(because low quality generates a reduction of the chain productivity)and the cool storage of the processed products(as the value at the market is reduced).It was proposed to analyze the incoming products at the head the processing line using CCD cameras to detect low quality and/or dirty products(corresponding to specific farmers/suppliers,it should be asked to improve to maintain the productivity of the line).The second stage is analyzing the evolution of the products along the cool chain(storage and transport),the use of an App developed to be use under Android was proposed to substitute the“visual”evaluation used in *** algorithms used,including stages of pre-treatment,segmentation,analysis and presentation of the results take account of the short time available and the limited capacity of the *** performance techniques were applied to the homography stage to discard some of the images,resulting in better *** threads and renderscript kernels were created to parallelize the methods used on the resulting images being able to inspect faster the *** proposed method achieves success rates comparable to,and improving,the expert inspection.

关键词： image processing color space smartphone efficient stitching homography controlled supervision artificial vision embedded parallel processing injury assessment traceability post-harvest control feature detection

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Effects of temperature and hydric environment on survival of the panamanian Golden Frog infected with a pathogenic chytrid fungus

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Integrative Zoology 2010年第2期5卷 143-153页

作者： Heidi M.BUSTAMANTE Lauren J.LIVO cynthia CAREY Department of Integrative physiology University of ColoradoBoulderColoradoUSA

Considerable controversy exists concerning whether or not climate changes(particularly global warming)are causing outbreaks of a lethal amphibian pathogen,the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis(Longcore,pessier&*** 1999).In the present study,groups of panamanian golden frogs(Atelopus zeteki Dunn,1993),a critically endangered amphibian thought to be nearly extinct in panama,were exposed to varying dosages of zoospores of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis,temperatures and hydric environments in order to learn whether this species is susceptible to this pathogen and,if so,how environmental factors affect *** pathogen proved to be highly lethal for *** exposed to a dosage of 100 Bd zoospores survived significantly(pposed to 104 or 106 *** frogs housed at 23℃survived significantly(pposed frogs held in dry conditions survived significantly longer than those in wet conditions(ppotheses about the relation between climate change and the decline of these frogs in the field,but they inform the discussion about how environmental conditions can have an impact on the interaction between a susceptible amphibian and this *** data do not support the contention that rising global temperatures are necessary to cause the death of amphibians infected with this pathogen because the pathogen was equally lethal at 17 as at 23℃,and frogs at the warmer temperature lived significantly longer than those at the cooler one.

关键词： amphibian declines Atelopus zeteki Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis chytridiomycosis climatelinked-epidemic hypothesis

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