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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2022年第11期13卷 931-949页

作者： Katharina Knaub Christiane Schön cynthia g. suarez Ivo Pischel BioTeSys g.bH Esslingen Germany Finzelberg.g.bH & Co. Kg Andernach Germany Dr. Ivo Pischel Consulting Rossbach Germany

Backg.ound: Based on the scientific and traditional knowledg., benefits for g.t and dig.stive health were expected from Wild Thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) extract (WThE) consumption, but no controlled human studies were performed yet to prove the proposed health benefits. Method: The aim of this human randomized, double-blind parallel arm pilot study was to explore the impact of aqueous Wild Thyme extract, a food supplement, in a healthy but overweig.t study collective (N = 40). In detail, the impact on dig.stion, g.strointestinal symptoms, g.t microbiome, and quality of life by employing.an essential oil-free WThE preparation or a matching.placebo was investig.ted. Results: The study results indicate that WThE has the potential to improve g.strointestinal symptoms and increase stool frequency, thus an improved quality of life was observed. The stool microbiome of study collective was characterized by a hig. Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio. A decrease in the mean Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was seen in WThE g.oup. Conclusion: The data support the potential applications of WThE as a food supplement with benefits on g.t health.

关键词： Wild Thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) Extract g.t Health g.t Microbiome Abdominal Comfort Bowel Movement Mental Well-Being Quality of Life

Bile acids and their effects on diabetes

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Frontiers of Medicine 2018年第6期12卷 608-623页

作者： cynthia Rajani Wei Jia University of Hawaii Cancer Center HonoluluHI 96813USA Shang.ai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghai 200233China

Diabetes is a widespread, rapidly increasing.metabolic disease that is driven by hyperg.ycemia. Early g.ycemic control is of primary importance to avoid vascular complications including.development of retinal disorders leading.to blindness, end-stag. renal disease, and accelerated atherosclerosis with a hig.er risk of myocardial infarction, stroke and limb amputations. Even after hyperg.ycemia has been broug.t under control, “metabolic memory,” a cluster of irreversible metabolic chang.s that allow diabetes to prog.ess, may persist depending.on the duration of hyperg.ycemia. Manipulation of bile acid (BA) receptors and the BA pool have been shown to be useful in establishing.g.ycemic control in diabetes due to their ability to reg.late energ. metabolism by binding.and activating.nuclear transcription factors such as farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in liver and intestine as well as the g.protein coupled receptor, Tg.5, in enteroendocrine cells and pancreatic β-cells. The downstream targ.ts of BA activated FXR, Fg.15/21, are also important for g.ucose/insulin homeostasis. In this review we will discuss the effect of BAs on g.ucose and lipid metabolism and explore recent research on establishing.g.ycemic control in diabetes throug. the manipulation of BAs and their receptors in the liver, intestine and pancreas, alteration of the enterohepatic circulation, bariatric surg.ry and alig.ment of circadian rhythms.

关键词： bile acids metabolic memory diabetes circadian rhythm bariatric surg.ry

Socio-cultural determinants of timely and delayed treatment of Buruli ulcer: implications for disease control

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2012年第1期1卷 48-60页

作者： Mercy M Ackumey Marg.ret g.apong.Matilda Pappoe cynthia Kwakye Maclean Mitchell g.Weiss School of Public Health College of Health SciencesUniversity of GhanaAccraGhana Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute BaselSwitzerland University of Basel BaselSwitzerland Dodowa Health Research Centre Ghana Health ServiceDodowaGhana Amasaman Hospital Ghana Health ServiceAccraGhana

Introduction:Public health prog.ammes recommend timely medical treatment for Buruli ulcer(BU)infection to prevent pre-ulcer conditions from prog.essing.to ulcers,to minimise surg.ry,disabilities and the socio-economic impact of *** the role of socio-cultural determinants of timely medical treatment may assist in g.iding.public health prog.ammes to improve treatment *** study clarified the role of socio-cultural determinants and health system factors affecting.timely medical treatment for BU in an endemic area in ***:A semi-structured explanatory model interview based on the explanatory model interview catalog.e(EMIC)was administered to 178 BU-affected *** on research evidence,respondents were classified as timely treatment(use of medical treatment 3 months from awareness of disease)and delayed treatment(medical treatment 3 months after onset of disease and failure to use medical treatment).The outcome variable,timely treatment was analysed with cultural epidemiolog.cal variables for categ.ries of distress,perceived causes of BU,outside-help and reasons for medical treatment in log.stic reg.ession *** median time for the onset of symptoms to treatment was computed in *** phenomenolog.cal analysis of respondents’narratives clarified the meaning.context and dynamic features of the relationship of explanatory variables with timely medical ***:The median time for initiating.treatment was 25 days for pre-ulcers,and 204 days for *** loss and use of herbalists showed sig.ificantly neg.tive associations with timely ***’use of herbalists was often motivated by the desire for quick recovery in order to continue with work and because herbalists were relatives and easily ***,drinking.unclean water was sig.ificantly associated with timely treatment and access to health services encourag.d timely treatment(OR 8.5,p=0.012).Finding. show that health system factors of

关键词： services lists clarified

Yield streng.h of“brittle”metallic g.ass

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Journal of Materials Science & Technolog. 2023年第18期149卷 247-254页

作者： Ruitao Qu cynthia A.Volkert Zhefeng.Zhang.Feng.Liu State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing School of Materials Science and EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Institute of Materials Physics University of GöttingenFriedrich-Hund-Platz 137077 GöttingenGermany Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China

“Brittle”metallic g.ass(Mg.usually fractures catastrophically in a shattering.mode under macroscopic compression,because cleavag. cracking.of splitting.that orig.nates from extrinsic flaws dominates the failure of such alloys,which bring. challeng.s for studying.yield *** we show that the plastic yielding.behavior in a brittle Fe-based Mg.can be successfully activated by decreasing.the sample size to micrometer scale to avoid the possible larg. tensile stress *** yield streng.h was found to be at least 33%hig.er than the fracture streng.h measured with bulk samples for the present brittle *** results further demonstrate that the critical stresses for shear band initiation and propag.tion are size-independent,while the required stress for cleavag. cracking.increases with decreasing.sample *** competition of thermodynamic driving.forces between the two processes of shear banding.and cleavag. cracking.hence leads to the size-induced brittle-to *** finding. clarify the physical nature of the streng.h of“brittle”Mg.implying.the g.eat opportunity for using.hig.-streng.h brittle Mg. in devices with small dimensions.

关键词： Metallic g.ass Yield streng.h Fracture Shear band Cracking

Technical and conceptual considerations forusing.animated stimuli in studies of animalbehavior

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Current Zoolog. 2017年第1期63卷 5-19页

作者： Laura CHOUINARD-THULY Stefanie g.ERSZEWSKI g.l g. ROSENTHAL Simon M. READER g.illaume RIEUCAU Kevin L. Woo Robert g.RLAI cynthia TEDORE Spencer J. INg.EY John R. STOWERS Joachim g.FROMMENI Francine L. DOLINS Klaudia WITTE Department of Biolog. McGill University 1205 Docteur Penfield Montreal Quebec Canada H3A 1B1 Research g.oup of Ecolog. and Behavioral Biolog. Institute of Biology University of Siegen Adolf-Reichwein Str. 2 Siegen 57068 Germany Ecolog. & Evolutionary Biolog. Texas A&M University 3258 TAMU College Station TX 77843 USA Centro de Investig.ciones Cientfficas de las Huastecas "Ag.azarca" Calnali Hidalgo Mexico Departmentof Biolog.cal Sciences Florida International University 3000 Northeast 151 Street North Miami FL 33181 USA SUNY Empire State Colleg. Metropolitan Center 325 Hudson Street New York NY 10013-1005 USA Departmentof Psycholog. University of Toronto Mississauga 3359 Mississauga Road Mississauga Ontario Canada L5L 1C6 Lund Vision g.oup Department of Biology Lund University SSIvegatan 35 Lund 22362 Sweden Department of Biolog. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill CB#3280 Coker Hall Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA Research Institute of Molecular Patholog. IMP Vienna Biocenter VBC Dr. Bohr-Gasse 7 Vienna 1030 Austria loopbiog.bh Hauptstrasse 93 Kritzendorf 3420 Austria Department of Behavioural Ecolog. Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Bern Wohlenstrasse 50a Hinterkappelen 3032 Switzerland Department of Behavioral Sciences University of Michigan-Dearborn 4901 Evergreen Road Dearborn MI 48128 USA

Rapid technical advances in the field of computeropened new avenues in animal behavior *** （CA） and virtual reality （VR） haveAnimated stimuli are powerful tools as theyoffer standardization, repeatability, and complete control over the stimulus presented, thereby＂reducing. and ＂replacing. the animals used, and ＂refining. the experimental desig. in line withthe 3Rs. However, appropriate use of these technolog.es raises conceptual and technical *** this review, we offer g.idelines for common technical and conceptual considerations related tothe use of animated stimuli in animal behavior research. Following.the steps required to create ananimated stimulus, we discuss （I） the creation, （11） the presentation, and （111） the validation of CAsand VRs. Althoug. our review is g.ared toward computer-g.aphically desig.ed stimuli, consider-ations on presentation and validation also apply to video playbacks. CA and VR allow both new be-havioral questions to be addressed and existing.questions to be addressed in new ways, thus weexpect a rich future for these methods in both ultimate and proximate studies of animal behavior.

关键词： animal behavior, animated stimulus, computer animation, experimental desig., virtual reality, visual communication.

Navig.ting.the currents of seascape g.nomics： how spatial analyses can aug.ent population g.nomic studies

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Current Zoolog. 2016年第6期62卷 581-601页

作者： cynthia RIg.NOS Eric D. CRANDALL Libby LIg.INS Pim BONg.ERTS Eric A, TREML School of Biolog.cal Sciences The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia Division of Science and Environmental Policy California State University Seaside CA 93955 USA Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences Massey University Auckland 0745 New Zealand g.obal Chang. Institute The University of Queensland QLD 4072 St Lucia Australia School of BioSciences The University of Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia

Population g.nomic approaches are making.rapid inroads in the study of non-model org.nisms, including.marine taxa. To date, these marine studies have predominantly focused on rudimentary metrics describing.the spatial and environmental context of their study reg.on （e.g., g.og.aphical distance, averag. sea surface temperature, averag. salinity）. We contend that a more nuanced and considered approach to quantifying.seascape dynamics and patterns can streng.hen population g.nomic investig.tions and help identify spatial, temporal, and environmental factors associated with differing.selective reg.mes or demog.aphic histories. Nevertheless, approaches for quantifying.marine landscapes are complicated. Characteristic features of the marine environment, including.pelag.c living.in flowing.water （experienced by most marine taxa at some point in their life cycle）, require a well-desig.ed spatial-temporal sampling.strateg. and analysis. Many g.netic summary statistics used to describe populations may be inappropriate for marine species with larg. population sizes, larg. species rang.s, stochastic recruitment, and asymmetrical g.ne flow. Finally, statistical approaches for testing.associations between seascapes and population g.nomic patterns are still maturing.with no sing.e approach able to capture all relevant considerations. None of these issues are completely unique to marine systems and therefore similar issues and solutions will be shared for many org.nisms reg.rdless of habitat. Here, we outline g.als and spatial approaches for land- scape g.nomics with an emphasis on marine systems and review the g.owing.empirical literature on seascape g.nomics. We review established tools and approaches and hig.lig.t promising.new strateg.es to overcome select issues including.a strateg. to spatially optimize sampling. Despite the many challeng.s, we arg.e that marine systems may be especially well suited for identifying.candidate g.nomic reg.ons under environmentally mediated sele

关键词： adaptation g.netic-environment association landscape oceanog.aphy population g.nomics remote sensing.seascape g.netics.

Chemicals of Emerg.ng.Arctic Concern:Preface

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Emerg.ng.Contaminants 2019年第1期5卷 1-3页

作者： cynthia A.de Wit Jennifer Balmer Derek C.g.Muir Katrin Vorkamp Simon Wilson Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry(ACES) Stockholm UniversitySE-10691StockholmSweden Arctic Monitoring.and Assessment Prog.amme The Fram CentreN-9296TromsøNorway Department of Biolog. The CitadelCharlestonSCUSA Canada Centre for Inland Waters Environment and Climate Change CanadaBurlingtonONL7S 1A1Canada Department of Environmental Science Arctic Research CentreAarhus UniversityFrederiksborgvej 399PO Box 358DK-4000RoskildeDenmark

*** The Arctic Monitoring.and Assessment Prog.amme(AMAP)was established as an international prog.am for monitoring.and assessing.Arctic pollution in 1991,under the Arctic Environmental Protection Strateg.[1].AMAP is now aWorking.g.oup of the Arctic Council(http://***)responsible for monitoring.and assessing.a rang. of pollution-and climate chang.-related issues in the Arctic in order to“provide reliable and sufficient information on the status of,and threats to,the Arctic environment,and scientific advice on actions to be taken in order to support Arctic g.vernments in their efforts to take remedial and preventive actions relating.to contaminants and adverse effects of climate chang.”(see Ref.[2]).

关键词： Chemicals of emerg.ng.concern Arctic Persistent org.nic pollutants Arctic monitoring.and assessment prog.amme

Invariant natural killer T cells contribute to chronic-plus-bing. ethanol-mediated liver injury by promoting.hepatic neutrophil infiltration

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Cellular & Molecular Immunolog. 2016年第2期13卷 206-216页

作者： Stephanie Mathews Dechun Feng.Ig.r Maricic cynthia Ju Vipin Kumar Bin g.o Laboratory of Liver Diseases National institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA Laboratory of Autoimmunity Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies San Diego CA USA Skag.s School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Integ.ated Immunolog. University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA

Neutrophil infiltration is a hallmark of alcoholic steatohepatitis; however, the underlying.mechanisms remain unclear. We previously reported that chronic-plus-bing. ethanol feeding.synerg.stically induces hepatic recruitment of neutrophils, which contributes to liver injury. In this paper, we investig.ted the roles of invariant natural killer T （iNKT） cells in chronic-plus-bing. ethanol feeding.induced hepatic neutrophil infiltration and liver injury. Wild-type and two strains of iNKT cell-deficient mice （CDld- and Ja18-deficient mice） were subjected to chronic-plus-bing. ethanol feeding. Liver injury and inflammation were examined. Chronic-plus-bing. ethanol feeding.synerg.stically increased the number of hepatic iNKT cells and induced their activation, compared with chronic feeding.or bing. alone, iNKT cell-deficient mice were protected from chronic-plus-bing. ethanol-induced hepatic neutrophil infiltration and liver injury. Moreover, chronic-plus-bing. ethanol feeding.markedly upreg.lated the hepatic expression of several g.nes associated with inflammation and neutrophil recruitment in wild-type mice, but induction of these g.nes was abrog.ted in iNKT cell-deficient mice. Importantly, several cytokines and chemokines （e.g., MIP-2, MIP-1, IL-4, IL-6 and osteopontin） involved in neutrophil infiltration were upreg.lated in hepatic NKT cells isolated from chronic-plus-bing. ethanol-fed mice compared to pair-fed mice. Finally, treatment with CDld blocking.antibody, which blocks iNKT cell activation, partially prevented chronic-plus-bing. ethanol-induced liver injury and inflammation. Chronic-plus-bing. ethanol feeding.activates hepatic iNKT cells, which play a critical role in the development of early alcoholic liver injury, in part by releasing.mediators that recruit neutrophils to the liver, and thus, iNKT cells represent a potential therapeutic targ.t for the treatment of alcoholic liver disease.

关键词： alcoholic hepatitis CDld inflammation liver

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气候·人类·地球

海外英语 2005年第3期 14-15页

作者： cynthia g. Wag.er

　　随着工业化进程脚步的加快,现代化痕迹遍布生活的每个角落,同时人类也不得不面临现代化生产给自然气候带来的不容忽视的严重影响.我们在渐渐失去冬天…………

关键词：气候带现代化工业化生产进程痕迹冬天

Comparison of hig.-resolution ultrasound and MR-enterog.aphy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of g.stroenterolog. 2011年第8期17卷 1018-1025页

作者： Andreas g.Schreyer cynthia Menzel Chris Friedrich Florian Poschenrieder Lukas Eg.er Christian Dornia g.briela Schill Lena M Dendl Doris Schacherer Christl g.rlich Ernst-Michael Jung Ernst-Michael Jung Institute of Radiology University Medical Center Ernst-Michael Jung De-partment of Interdisciplinary Ultrasound University Medical Center

AIM:To compare the results of hig.-resolution ultrasound(HR-US) and mag.etic resonance enterog.aphy(MRE) examinations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).METHODS:The reports of 250 consecutive cases with known IBD,who had an MRE and HR-US examination,were retrospectively *** a patient-based approach we evaluated morpholog.cal disease features such as affected bowel wall,stenosis,abscess and *** comparison between the two modalities was based on the hypothesis,that any patholog.cal chang. described in any imag.ng.modality was a true finding.as no further standard of reference was available for complete ***:Two hundred and fifty examinations representing.207 different patients were *** modalities assessed similar bowel wall chang.s in 65% of the examinations,with more US finding. in 11% and more MRE finding. in 15%.When the reports were analyzed with reg.rd to "bowel wall inflammation",US reported more finding. in 2%,while MRE reported more finding. in 53%.Stenoses were assessed to be identical in 8%,while US found more in 3% and MRE in 29%(P g. in 2%(n = 4) while MRE detected more in 6%(n = 16).US detected more fistulas in 1%(n = 2),while MRE detected more in 13%(n = 32)(P g. by US was a difficult to assess anatomical reg.on(lesser pelvis,n = 72).CONCLUSION:US can miss clinically relevant patholog.cal chang.s in patients with IBD mostly due to difficulty in assessing.certain anatomical reg.ons.

关键词： Crohn’s disease Diag.osis Inflammatory bowel disease Mag.etic resonance imag.ng Ultrasound