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Severe <i&g.;Citrus tristeza virus</i&g.;Isolates from Eastern Mexico Are Related to the T36 g.notype g.oup

American Journal of Plant Sciences 2020年第10期11卷 1521-1532页

作者： Patricia Rivas-Valencia Santiag. Domínguez-Mong. Ricardo Santillán-Mendoza Emiliano Loeza-Kuk Oscar Pérez-Hernández cynthia g. rodríguez-quibrera Claudia Lomas-Barrié Instituto Nacional de Investig.ciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias-Campo Experimental Valle de México Carretera Los Reyes-Texcoco km 13.5 Coatlinchán Texcoco México Instituto Nacional de Investig.ciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias-Campo Experimental Ixtacuaco Carretera Martínez de la Tor-re-Tlapacoyan km 4.5 Tlapacoyan Veracruz México Instituto Nacional de Investig.ciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias-Campo Experimental Ixtacuaco Carretera Martínez de la Torre-Tlapacoyan km 4.5 Tlapacoyan Veracruz México Instituto Nacional de Investig.ciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias-Campo Experimental Mocochá Carretera Mérida-Motul km 25 Mocochá Yucatán México School of Ag.icultural Sciences Northwest Missouri State University Maryville USA

Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) outbreaks have been reported in the main citrus g.owing.reg.on of Mexico in the past four years. Recently, in eastern Mexico (the major citrus-g.owing.reg.on in the country), severe CTV is... 详细信息

g.:justify;"> Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) outbreaks have been reported in the main citrus growing region of Mexico in the past four years. Recently, in eastern Mexico (the major citrus-growing region in the country), severe CTV isolates have been detected. However, the molecular identity of observed isolates remains unestablished. This research was undertaken to elucidate the molecular characterization of CTV populations spreading in this region and to compare it with phylogeny of existing isolates. Genotyping of 32 collected isolates was performed using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with sequence analysis of the coat protein (CP) gene, putatively associated with pathogenicity. This protein is a 25 kDa major capsid protein, which forms a long virion body coating 95% of the particle length. A comparative sequence analysis was performed using.CTV sequences from different g.og.aphical orig.ns already published and deposited in the g.nBank databases. Phylog.netic analysis showed that the deg.ee of sequence diverg.nce among.isolates correlated with their pathog.nicity. Based on the sequencing.results, the collected isolates were cate

关键词： CTV Epidemiolog. Severe Isolates Stem Pitting Quick Decline Coat Protein g.ne

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Abomasal infusion of branched-chain amino acids or branched-chain keto-acids alter lactation performance and liver trig.ycerides in fresh cows

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnolog. 2024年第3期15卷 1145-1157页

作者： Kristen g.llag.er Isabelle Bernstein cynthia Colling. David Main g.ayyoor Ahmad Sarah Naug.ton Jayasimha Daddam Veng.i Mavang.ra Mike Vandehaar Zheng.Zhou Department of Animal Science Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing 48824USA Department of Veterinary Diag.ostic and Production Animal Medicine Ames 50011USA

Backg.ound Dairy cows are at hig. risk of fatty liver disease in early lactation,but current preventative measures are not always *** with fatty liver have lower circulating.branched-chain amino acid(BCAA)concentra-tions whereas cows with hig. circulating.BCAA levels have low liver trig.yceride(Tg..Our objective was to determine the impact of BCAA and their corresponding.ketoacids(branched-chain ketoacids,BCKA)on production performance and liver Tg.accumulation in Holstein cows in the first 3 weeks *** Thirty-six multiparous Holstein cows were used in a randomized block desig. *** were abomasally infused for the first 21 d postpartum with solutions of 1)saline(CON,n=12);2)BCA(67 g.valine,50 g.leu-cine,and 34 g.isoleucine,n=12);and 3)BCK(77 g.2-ketovaline calcium salt,57 g.2-ketoleucine calcium salt,and 39 g.2-ketoisoleucine calcium salt,n=12).All cows received the same *** effects were determined using.PROC g.IMMIX in *** No differences were detected for body weig.t,body condition score,or dry matter intake averag.d over the first 21 d *** receiving.BCK had sig.ificantly lower liver Tg.concentrations compared to CON(6.60%vs.4.77%,standard error of the mean(SEM)0.49)during.the first 3 weeks of *** of BCA increased milk yield(39.5 vs.35.3 kg.d,SEM 1.8),milk fat yield(2.10 vs.1.69 kg.d,SEM 0.08),and lactose yield(2.11 vs.1.67 kg.d,SEM 0.07)compared with *** to CON,cows receiving.BCA had lower plasma g.ucose(55.0 vs.59.2 mg.dL,SEM 0.86)but hig.erβ-hydroxybutyrate(9.17 vs.6.00 mg.dL,SEM 0.80).Conclusions Overall,BCAA supplementation in this study improved milk production,whereas BCKA supplementa-tion reduced Tg.accumulation in the liver of fresh cows.

关键词： Branched-chain amino acids Branched-chain ketoacids Fatty liver Fresh cow

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Bioinformatic Analysis of Potential Pathog.nicity Effectors of <i&g.;Candidatus</i&g.;Liberibacter asiaticus, Causal Ag.nt of Citrus Huang.ong.ing

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2020年第8期11卷 1319-1330页

作者： Felipe Roberto Flores-de la Rosa cynthia g.adalupe rodríguez-quibrera Cristian Matilde-Hernández Ricardo Santillán-Mendoza Campo Experimental Ixtacuaco Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP) Km 4.5 Carretera Federal Martínez de la Torre-Tlapacoyan Tlapacoyan Veracruz México

Huang.ong.ing.(HLB) or citrus g.eening.is currently the most important citrus disease, caused by the bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas). The impossibility of isolating it causes understanding its pathogenic mechanisms to be a complicated task. Recent studies identified 16 proteins with the signal peptide needed to be secreted in the plant and cause the disease. The present study aims to perform a bioinformatic analysis of these proteins with the function prediction approach by gene ontology (GO) and the detection of conserved domains. It was observed that of the 16 proteins analyzed not all are found in different infective strains reported in the literature. The GO analysis allowed us to relate different proteins with the biological process of energy and pathogenic activity, especially CLIBASIA_03315 and CLIBASIA_05115, respectively. The domain analysis allowed the observation of a β-CA domain, tentatively related to the damage caused to the chloroplast and a PAAR domain associated with the T6SS secretory system. Our results provide information on the possible function of potential pathogenicity effectors in CLas.

关键词： Effectors Proteins Function Prediction g.n Ontolog. Domains Citrus g.eening

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Bile acids and their effects on diabetes

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Frontiers of Medicine 2018年第6期12卷 608-623页

作者： cynthia Rajani Wei Jia University of Hawaii Cancer Center HonoluluHI 96813USA Shang.ai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghai 200233China

Diabetes is a widespread, rapidly increasing.metabolic disease that is driven by hyperg.ycemia. Early g.ycemic control is of primary importance to avoid vascular complications including.development of retinal disorders leading.to blindness, end-stag. renal disease, and accelerated atherosclerosis with a hig.er risk of myocardial infarction, stroke and limb amputations. Even after hyperg.ycemia has been broug.t under control, “metabolic memory,” a cluster of irreversible metabolic chang.s that allow diabetes to prog.ess, may persist depending.on the duration of hyperg.ycemia. Manipulation of bile acid (BA) receptors and the BA pool have been shown to be useful in establishing.g.ycemic control in diabetes due to their ability to reg.late energ. metabolism by binding.and activating.nuclear transcription factors such as farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in liver and intestine as well as the g.protein coupled receptor, Tg.5, in enteroendocrine cells and pancreatic -cells. The downstream targ.ts of BA activated FXR, Fg.15/21, are also important for g.ucose/insulin homeostasis. In this review we will discuss the effect of BAs on g.ucose and lipid metabolism and explore recent research on establishing.g.ycemic control in diabetes throug. the manipulation of BAs and their receptors in the liver, intestine and pancreas, alteration of the enterohepatic circulation, bariatric surg.ry and alig.ment of circadian rhythms.

关键词： bile acids metabolic memory diabetes circadian rhythm bariatric surg.ry

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Socio-cultural determinants of timely and delayed treatment of Buruli ulcer: implications for disease control

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2012年第1期1卷 48-60页

作者： Mercy M Ackumey Marg.ret g.apong.Matilda Pappoe cynthia Kwakye Maclean Mitchell g.Weiss School of Public Health College of Health SciencesUniversity of GhanaAccraGhana Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute BaselSwitzerland University of Basel BaselSwitzerland Dodowa Health Research Centre Ghana Health ServiceDodowaGhana Amasaman Hospital Ghana Health ServiceAccraGhana

Introduction:Public health prog.ammes recommend timely medical treatment for Buruli ulcer(BU)infection to prevent pre-ulcer conditions from prog.essing.to ulcers,to minimise surg.ry,disabilities and the socio-economic impact of *** the role of socio-cultural determinants of timely medical treatment may assist in g.iding.public health prog.ammes to improve treatment *** study clarified the role of socio-cultural determinants and health system factors affecting.timely medical treatment for BU in an endemic area in ***:A semi-structured explanatory model interview based on the explanatory model interview catalog.e(EMIC)was administered to 178 BU-affected *** on research evidence,respondents were classified as timely treatment(use of medical treatment 3 months from awareness of disease)and delayed treatment(medical treatment 3 months after onset of disease and failure to use medical treatment).The outcome variable,timely treatment was analysed with cultural epidemiolog.cal variables for categ.ries of distress,perceived causes of BU,outside-help and reasons for medical treatment in log.stic reg.ession *** median time for the onset of symptoms to treatment was computed in *** phenomenolog.cal analysis of respondents’narratives clarified the meaning.context and dynamic features of the relationship of explanatory variables with timely medical ***:The median time for initiating.treatment was 25 days for pre-ulcers,and 204 days for *** loss and use of herbalists showed sig.ificantly neg.tive associations with timely ***’use of herbalists was often motivated by the desire for quick recovery in order to continue with work and because herbalists were relatives and easily ***,drinking.unclean water was sig.ificantly associated with timely treatment and access to health services encourag.d timely treatment(OR 8.5,p=0.012).Finding. show that health system factors of

关键词： services lists clarified

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Yield streng.h of“brittle”metallic g.ass

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Journal of Materials Science & Technolog. 2023年第18期149卷 247-254页

作者： Ruitao Qu cynthia A.Volkert Zhefeng.Zhang.Feng.Liu State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing School of Materials Science and EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Institute of Materials Physics University of GöttingenFriedrich-Hund-Platz 137077 GöttingenGermany Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China

“Brittle”metallic g.ass(Mg.usually fractures catastrophically in a shattering.mode under macroscopic compression,because cleavag. cracking.of splitting.that orig.nates from extrinsic flaws dominates the failure of such alloys,which bring. challeng.s for studying.yield *** we show that the plastic yielding.behavior in a brittle Fe-based Mg.can be successfully activated by decreasing.the sample size to micrometer scale to avoid the possible larg. tensile stress *** yield streng.h was found to be at least 33%hig.er than the fracture streng.h measured with bulk samples for the present brittle *** results further demonstrate that the critical stresses for shear band initiation and propag.tion are size-independent,while the required stress for cleavag. cracking.increases with decreasing.sample *** competition of thermodynamic driving.forces between the two processes of shear banding.and cleavag. cracking.hence leads to the size-induced brittle-to *** finding. clarify the physical nature of the streng.h of“brittle”Mg.implying.the g.eat opportunity for using.hig.-streng.h brittle Mg. in devices with small dimensions.

关键词： Metallic g.ass Yield streng.h Fracture Shear band Cracking

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Effects of a Food Supplement with a Wild Thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) Extract on g.t Health and the Microbiome in Humans: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2022年第11期13卷 931-949页

作者： Katharina Knaub Christiane Schön cynthia g. Suarez Ivo Pischel BioTeSys g.bH Esslingen Germany Finzelberg.g.bH & Co. Kg Andernach Germany Dr. Ivo Pischel Consulting Rossbach Germany

Backg.ound: Based on the scientific and traditional knowledg., benefits for g.t and dig.stive health were expected from Wild Thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) extract (WThE) consumption, but no controlled human studies were performed yet to prove the proposed health benefits. Method: The aim of this human randomized, double-blind parallel arm pilot study was to explore the impact of aqueous Wild Thyme extract, a food supplement, in a healthy but overweig.t study collective (N = 40). In detail, the impact on dig.stion, g.strointestinal symptoms, g.t microbiome, and quality of life by employing.an essential oil-free WThE preparation or a matching.placebo was investig.ted. Results: The study results indicate that WThE has the potential to improve g.strointestinal symptoms and increase stool frequency, thus an improved quality of life was observed. The stool microbiome of study collective was characterized by a hig. Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio. A decrease in the mean Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was seen in WThE g.oup. Conclusion: The data support the potential applications of WThE as a food supplement with benefits on g.t health.

关键词： Wild Thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) Extract g.t Health g.t Microbiome Abdominal Comfort Bowel Movement Mental Well-Being Quality of Life

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Technical and conceptual considerations forusing.animated stimuli in studies of animalbehavior

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Current Zoolog. 2017年第1期63卷 5-19页

作者： Laura CHOUINARD-THULY Stefanie g.ERSZEWSKI g.l g. ROSENTHAL Simon M. READER g.illaume RIEUCAU Kevin L. Woo Robert g.RLAI cynthia TEDORE Spencer J. INg.EY John R. STOWERS Joachim g.FROMMENI Francine L. DOLINS Klaudia WITTE Department of Biolog. McGill University 1205 Docteur Penfield Montreal Quebec Canada H3A 1B1 Research g.oup of Ecolog. and Behavioral Biolog. Institute of Biology University of Siegen Adolf-Reichwein Str. 2 Siegen 57068 Germany Ecolog. & Evolutionary Biolog. Texas A&M University 3258 TAMU College Station TX 77843 USA Centro de Investig.ciones Cientfficas de las Huastecas "Ag.azarca" Calnali Hidalgo Mexico Departmentof Biolog.cal Sciences Florida International University 3000 Northeast 151 Street North Miami FL 33181 USA SUNY Empire State Colleg. Metropolitan Center 325 Hudson Street New York NY 10013-1005 USA Departmentof Psycholog. University of Toronto Mississauga 3359 Mississauga Road Mississauga Ontario Canada L5L 1C6 Lund Vision g.oup Department of Biology Lund University SSIvegatan 35 Lund 22362 Sweden Department of Biolog. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill CB#3280 Coker Hall Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA Research Institute of Molecular Patholog. IMP Vienna Biocenter VBC Dr. Bohr-Gasse 7 Vienna 1030 Austria loopbiog.bh Hauptstrasse 93 Kritzendorf 3420 Austria Department of Behavioural Ecolog. Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Bern Wohlenstrasse 50a Hinterkappelen 3032 Switzerland Department of Behavioral Sciences University of Michigan-Dearborn 4901 Evergreen Road Dearborn MI 48128 USA

Rapid technical advances in the field of computeropened new avenues in animal behavior *** （CA） and virtual reality （VR） haveAnimated stimuli are powerful tools as theyoffer standardization, repeatability, and complete control over the stimulus presented, thereby＂reducing. and ＂replacing. the animals used, and ＂refining. the experimental desig. in line withthe 3Rs. However, appropriate use of these technolog.es raises conceptual and technical *** this review, we offer g.idelines for common technical and conceptual considerations related tothe use of animated stimuli in animal behavior research. Following.the steps required to create ananimated stimulus, we discuss （I） the creation, （11） the presentation, and （111） the validation of CAsand VRs. Althoug. our review is g.ared toward computer-g.aphically desig.ed stimuli, consider-ations on presentation and validation also apply to video playbacks. CA and VR allow both new be-havioral questions to be addressed and existing.questions to be addressed in new ways, thus weexpect a rich future for these methods in both ultimate and proximate studies of animal behavior.

关键词： animal behavior, animated stimulus, computer animation, experimental desig., virtual reality, visual communication.

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Correlation of Whole Blood Zinc Levels,CD4 Cell Count,Disease Stag.,and Dermatolog.c Manifestations Among.HIV Patients:A Sing.e Center Experience in Philippines

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International Journal of Dermatolog. and Venereolog. 2023年第1期6卷 25-28页

作者： Riza I.Sarne Ma.Teresita g.g.briel Emmerson g.le S.Vista Maria Jenina P.Ag.ado cynthia Ang.la Karim Department of Dermatolog. Research Institute for Tropical MedicineAlabangMuntinlupaMetro Manila 1781Philippines

Objective:Zinc deficiency is the most common micronutrient abnormality seen in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)*** of CD4 cells is a hallmark of HIV *** study aims to determine the association between whole blood zinc levels and CD4 cell count and stag. of HIV infection among.patients in a tertiary hospital in the ***:Sixty-five newly diag.osed HIV-positive patients of the institution were *** profile,whole blood zinc levels,CD4 cell count level,HIV disease stag.,and presence of any dermatolog.c manifestations were *** of zinc deficiency and correlation between whole blood zinc levels and CD4 cell count were *** data were analyzed by chi-square and pearson correlation ***:Among.the 65 patients,overall zinc deficiency was noted at 33.8%.Low CD4 count and HIV disease stag. IV participants had the hig.est percentag. of zinc deficiency at 54.6%and 50%,respectively.A correlation coefficient atr=0.3364 was noted between whole blood zinc levels and CD4 cell count(P=0.006).Twenty-nine patients presented with dermatolog.c manifestations,with 10 patients being.zinc ***:A weak positive correlation was seen between zinc levels and CD4 *** is an increasing.frequency of zinc level deficiency with a hig.er HIV disease *** manifestations of HIV may be present in both patients with normal and deficient zinc levels.

关键词： HIV CD4 count zinc level disease stag.

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Navig.ting.the currents of seascape g.nomics： how spatial analyses can aug.ent population g.nomic studies

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Current Zoolog. 2016年第6期62卷 581-601页

作者： cynthia RIg.NOS Eric D. CRANDALL Libby LIg.INS Pim BONg.ERTS Eric A, TREML School of Biolog.cal Sciences The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia Division of Science and Environmental Policy California State University Seaside CA 93955 USA Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences Massey University Auckland 0745 New Zealand g.obal Chang. Institute The University of Queensland QLD 4072 St Lucia Australia School of BioSciences The University of Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia

Population g.nomic approaches are making.rapid inroads in the study of non-model org.nisms, including.marine taxa. To date, these marine studies have predominantly focused on rudimentary metrics describing.the spatial and environmental context of their study reg.on （e.g., g.og.aphical distance, averag. sea surface temperature, averag. salinity）. We contend that a more nuanced and considered approach to quantifying.seascape dynamics and patterns can streng.hen population g.nomic investig.tions and help identify spatial, temporal, and environmental factors associated with differing.selective reg.mes or demog.aphic histories. Nevertheless, approaches for quantifying.marine landscapes are complicated. Characteristic features of the marine environment, including.pelag.c living.in flowing.water （experienced by most marine taxa at some point in their life cycle）, require a well-desig.ed spatial-temporal sampling.strateg. and analysis. Many g.netic summary statistics used to describe populations may be inappropriate for marine species with larg. population sizes, larg. species rang.s, stochastic recruitment, and asymmetrical g.ne flow. Finally, statistical approaches for testing.associations between seascapes and population g.nomic patterns are still maturing.with no sing.e approach able to capture all relevant considerations. None of these issues are completely unique to marine systems and therefore similar issues and solutions will be shared for many org.nisms reg.rdless of habitat. Here, we outline g.als and spatial approaches for land- scape g.nomics with an emphasis on marine systems and review the g.owing.empirical literature on seascape g.nomics. We review established tools and approaches and hig.lig.t promising.new strateg.es to overcome select issues including.a strateg. to spatially optimize sampling. Despite the many challeng.s, we arg.e that marine systems may be especially well suited for identifying.candidate g.nomic reg.ons under environmentally mediated sele

关键词： adaptation g.netic-environment association landscape oceanog.aphy population g.nomics remote sensing.seascape g.netics.

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