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speed and surface steepness affect internal tibial loading during running

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Journal of sport and Health science 2024年第1期13卷 118-124页

作者： Hannah Rice Markus Kurz Patrick Mai leon Robertz Kevin Bill Timothy R.Derrick steffen Willwacher Department of Physical Performance Norwegian School of Sport SciencesOslo 0806Norway sports Tech Research Centre Mid Sweden UniversityÖstersund SE-83125Sweden Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering Offenburg University of Applied SciencesOffenburg 77652Germany Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics German Sport University CologneCologne 50933Germany Department of Kinesiology Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA

Background:Internal tibial loading is influenced by modifiable factors with implications for the risk of stress *** encounter varied surface steepness(gradients)when running outdoors and may adapt their speed according to the *** study aimed to quantify tibial bending moments and stress at the anterior and posterior peripheries when running at different speeds on surfaces of different ***:Twenty recreational runners ran on a treadmill at 3 different speeds(2.5 m/s,3.0 m/s,and 3.5 m/s)and gradients(level:0%;uphill:+5%,+10%,and+15%;downhill:-5%,-10%,and-15%).Force and marker data were collected synchronously *** moments were estimated at the distal third centroid of the tibia about the medial-lateral axis by ensuring static equilibrium at each 1%of *** was derived from bending moments at the anterior and posterior peripheries by modeling the tibia as a hollow ***-way repeated-measures analysis of variance were conducted using both functional and discrete statistical ***:There were significant main effects for running speed and gradient on peak bending moments and peak anterior and posterior *** running speeds resulted in greater tibial *** uphill at+10%and+15%resulted in greater tibial loading than level *** downhill at-10%and-15%resulted in reduced tibial loading compared to level *** was no difference between+5%or-5%and level ***:Running at faster speeds and uphill on gradients≥+10%increased internal tibial loading,whereas slower running and downhill running on gradients≥-10%reduced internal *** running speed according to the gradient could be a protective mechanism,providing runners with a strategy to minimize the risk of tibial stress injuries.

关键词： Bending moments Gradient Musculoskeletal modeling Overuse injury Tibial stress Training factors

Detection and clearance in Alzheimer’s disease: leading with illusive chemical, structural and morphological features of the targets

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 497-498页

作者： Luís Gales i3s−Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em saúde Rua Alfredo AllenPortoPortugal(Gales L)IBMC−Instituto de Biologia Molecular e CelularUniversidade do PortoRua Alfredo AllenPortoPortugal ICBAs−Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel salazar Rua de Jorge Viterbo FerreiraPortoPortugal

Highly specific interactions between biomolecules,such as antigen-antibody,protein-ligand,or nucleic acid base pair complementary are on the basis of the organization of complex *** same principles may be tentatively used in molecular medicine for diagnosis and therapeutics.A molecule can be designed to selectively bind a protease and thereby inhibit the production of a peptide that forms toxic aggregates in the brain or an antibody may be produced to bind specifically to that peptide for detection or clearance ***,interference in biological systems is not that *** a start there is the inhibition of the physiological role of the protease;moreover,several cleavage fragments may be produced,which may continue to diverge due to putative post-translational modification and self-assembly processes,hiding the toxic target in a“soup”of peptide species varying in size,structure and chemical composition.A perspective of the current status and challenges in targeting peptide species for diagnosis and treatment in the context of Alzheimer’s disease is given.

关键词： Alzheimer diagnosis thereby

Improving shipboard electronics cooling system by optimizing the heat sinks configuration

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and science 2022年第5期7卷 498-508页

作者： Hamid Maleki Mohammad Reza safaei Arturo s.leon Taseer Muhammad Truong Khang Nguyen Department of Mechanical Engineering Isfahan University of TechnologyIsfahan 84156-83111Iran Department of Mechanical Engineering Florida International UniversityMiamiFL 33174USA Department of Medical Research China Medical University HospitalChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan Mechanical Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Florida International UniversityMiamiFL 33174USA Department of Mathematics College of SciencesKing Khalid UniversityAbha 61413Saudi Arabia Division of Computational Physics Institute for Computational ScienceTon Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Ton Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam

With the increase of high-power electrical components in modern ships,especially fully electric ships with electric propulsion drive(EPD),the cooling of EPD electrical components has become particularly *** optimal configurations for heat sinks with high thermal efficiency plays an essential role in this regard.A new technique for improving the efficiency of heat sinks is the utilization of perforated *** study examined the effects of perforation geometry(shape and size)on laminar airflow flow and heat transfer characteristics over a perforated plate-fin heat ***-dimensional simulations were conducted using the finite-volume scheme based on the sIMPLE *** this research,the effects of perforation shape and size on various parameters,e.g.,total drag force,average Nusselt number,perforated fin efficiency(PFE),heat transfer performance enhancement(HTPE),and fin optimization factor(η)were *** results confirmed that at a specific heat transfer surface area for perforated fins,the highest efficiency is achieved by circular *** contrast,the square perforations due to geometric similarity to rectangular fins could reach the maximum ***,fins with square perforations could achieve the most optimal ***,results showed that for a constant perforations size,change in perforations shape improves HTPE,PFE,andηby more than 40%,45%,and 110%,***,by modifying perforations size for a specified shape,an increment of more than 35%,40%,and 150%is observed in HTPE,PFE,andη,respectively.

关键词： Forced convection Laminar flow Perforated fin Plate-fin heat sink Nusselt number

Neurophysics Assessment of the Muscle Bioenergy Generated by Transcranial Magnetic stimulation

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Research 2019年第1期2019卷 1077-1085页

作者： Fidias E.leon-sarmiento Alexander Gonzalez-Castaño Carlos V.Rizzo-sierra Juan Aceros Daniel s.leon-Ariza Juan s.leon-Ariza Diddier G.Prada William Bara-Jimenez Zeng Y.Wang smell and Taste Center Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA Human Motor Control section NINDSNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Mediciencias Research Group LouisvilleKYUSA Universidad Internacional de la Rioja Spain Neurophysics Unit Corporacion Universitaria Minuto de Dios-UNIMINUTOColombia Charity Association for Person Centered Medicine Moral EntityItaly school of Engineering University of North FloridaJacksonvilleFLUSA Faculty of Health sciences Santander UniversityUDESColombia Department of Neurosurgery Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMAUSA Harvard T.H.Chan school of Public Health Harvard UniversityBostonMAUSA Unidad de Investigacion Biomedica en Cancer Instituto Nacional de CancerMexico DFMexico Neuromuscular Division Department of NeurologyUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA

Te content of the rectifed motor evoked potential(MEP)induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMs)has ambiguously been assessed without the precision that energy calculation *** fact has misled data interpretation and misguided biomedical *** defnitively fll the gap that exits in the neurophysics processing of these signals,we computed,in Walls(̂�),the bioenergy within the rectifed MEP recorded from the human frst digitorum index(FDI)muscle at rest and under isometric *** also gauged the biowork exerted by this *** we show that bioenergy and biowork can accurately and successfully be assessed,validated,and determined in̂�from MEP signals induced by TMs,regardless of knowing the mathematical expression of the function of the *** novel neurophysics approach represents a dramatic paradigm shif in analysis and interpretation of the content of the MEP and will give a true meaning to the content of rectifed ***,this innovative approach allowed unveiling that women exerted more bioenergy than men at the magnetic stimulations used in this *** of conclusions drawn from studies published elsewhere assessing rectifed EMG signals that have used ambiguous units is strongly recommended.

关键词： stimulation gauge allowed

Impacts of brood parasitism by shiny cowbird Molothrus bonariensis on the breeding success of a small host, the black-backed water tyrant Fluvicola albiventer

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Current Zoology 2024年第4期70卷 539-547页

作者： Lorena Vanesa sovrano Evelina Jesica leon Rodrigo Ezequiel Lorenzón Pamela Fernanda Olguin Adolfo Héctor Beltzer Alejandro Raúl Giraudo Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Conservacion de Tetrapodos Instituto Nacional de Limnologia(INALICONICET-UNL)Paraje El Pozo s/nSanta Fe(3000)Argentina Departamento de Biologia Universidad Autonoma de Entre RiosKm 10.5 RP 11Oro Verde(3100)Entre RiosArgentina Departamento de Biologia Universidad Nacional del LitoralFacultad de Humanidades y CienciasParaje Ei Pozo s/nSanta Fe(3000)Argentina

The shiny cowbird Molothrus bonariensis parasitizes many species with different life-history traits and has a detrimental effect on the survival of the progeny of the *** response,hosts have developed numerous antiparasitic ***,we examined the effects of brood parasitism by shiny cowbird on the clutch and brood sizes(83 nests)in a small host,the black-backed water tyrant Fluvicola *** also studied whether the death of parasite nestlings was related to the care of the foster parents and whether the host had any antiparasitic defense against the shiny *** results indicate that brood parasitism significantly decreased the host hatching and fledging *** majority of nest failures(57%)were caused by brood *** cowbird parasitism occurred in 52%of nests and the intensity of parasitism was 1.23±0.53 eggs per parasitized *** the total host eggs,54%were *** the incubation stage,20 nests(47%)were abandoned because of egg punctures by shiny cowbirds *** two parasitic fledglings were recorded,while the remaining nestlings either died from starvation(n=12)or predation(n=3).Foster parents abandoned parasitic nestlings between 5 and 10 days *** findings demonstrate that the shiny cowbird has very low rates of fledging success when parasitizing black-backed water ***,parasitism had a high reproductive cost in the black-backed water tyrant because a very low proportion(7%)of the parasitized nests(n=43)were successful.

关键词： brood parasitism host defenses nest desertion shiny cowbird small host.

Model dependent analysis of D^(+)_(s)→η^(′)l+v_(l) decays in beyond standard model

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第9期48卷 82-95页

作者： s.Mahata M.Mandal H.Mahapatra s.Biswas s.sahoo Department of Physics National Institute of Technology Durgapur Durgapur 713209West BengalIndia

Motivated by the recent experimental results of branching fractions for D^(+)_(s)→η^(′)l+v_(l) decays,which deviate from their sM predictions,we hve investigated these decays in W' model and scalar leptoquark model to determine potential signatures of new physics(NP) in semileptonic charm decays induced by c→(s,d)l+v_(l) *** recent experimental results of branching fractions for semileptonic D meson decays,new coupling parameters are predicted for the aforementioned NP *** fraction,forward-backward asymmetry,and lepton polarization asymmetry are examined by considering the predicted NP coupling *** results of branching fractions in scalar leptoquark model are found very close to the experimental results and exist around the range of 1σ *** presented a comparative study of the NP models to check their sensitivity on these *** anticipate that further research on these decays will significantly support our findings.

关键词： charm decay new physics W′boson scalar leptoquark flavour changing charged current

Gate-controlled supercurrent effect in dry-etched Dayem bridges of non-centrosymmetric niobium rhenium

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Nano Research 2024年第7期17卷 6575-6581页

作者： Jennifer Koch Carla Cirillo sebastiano Battisti leon Ruf Zahra Makhdoumi Kakhaki Alessandro Paghi Armen Gulian serafim Teknowijoyo Giorgio De simoni Francesco Giazotto Carmine Attanasio Elke scheer Angelo Di Bernardo Department of Physics University of KonstanzUniversitätsstraße 1078464 KonstanzGermany CNR-spin c/o Universitàdegli Studi di Salernovia Giovanni Paolo II 13284084 Fisciano(SA)Italy NEsT Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale SuperiorePiazza San Silvestro 1256127 PisaItaly Dipartimento di Fisica“E.R.Caianiello” Universitàdegli Studi di SalernoVia Giovanni Paolo II 13284084 Fisciano(SA)Italy Advanced Physics Laboratory Institute for Quantum StudiesChapman UniversityBurtonsvilleMD 20866USA

The application of a gate voltage to control the superconducting current flowing through a nanoscale superconducting constriction,named as gate-controlled supercurrent(GCs),has raised great interest for fundamental and technological *** gain a deeper understanding of this effect and develop superconducting technologies based on it,the material and physical parameters crucial for the GCs effect must be ***-down fabrication protocols should also be optimized to increase device scalability,although studies suggest that top-down fabricated devices are more resilient to show a ***,we investigate gated superconducting nanobridges made with a top-down fabrication process from thin films of the noncentrosymmetric superconductor niobium rhenium with varying ratios of the constituents(NbRe).Unlike other devices previously reported and made with a top-down approach,our NbRe devices systematically exhibit a GCs effect when they were fabricated from NbRe thin films with small grain size and etched in specific *** observations pave the way for the realization of top-down-made GCs devices with high *** results also imply that physical parameters like structural disorder and surface physical properties of the nanobridges,which can be in turn modified by the fabrication process,are crucial for a GCs observation,providing therefore also important insights into the physics underlying the GCs effect.

关键词： superconductivity non-centrosymmetric superconductors superconducting devices gated devices gate-controlled supercurrent top-down fabrication

Astrophysical s-factor and reaction rate for 15N(p,γ)16O within the modified potential cluster model

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第4期48卷 130-145页

作者： s.B.Dubovichenko A.s.Tkachenko R.Ya.Kezerashvili N.A.Burkova B.M.Yeleusheva Fesenkov Astrophysical Institute 050020 AlmatyKazakhstan New York City College of Technology City University of New YorkBrooklyn11201 New YorkUSA Graduate school and University Center City University of New York10016 New YorkUSA al-Farabi Kazakh National University 050040 AlmatyKazakhstan

We study radiative p^(15)N capture on the ground state of ^(16)O at stellar energies within the framework of a modified potential cluster model(MPCM)with forbidden states,including low-lying *** investigation of the ^(15)N(p,γ0)^(16)O reaction includes the consideration of ^(3)s_(1) resonances due to E1 transitions and the contribution of the ^(3)P_(1) scattering wave in the p+^(15)N channel due to the ^(3)P_(1)→^(3)P_(0)M1 *** calculated the astrophysical low-energy s-factor,and the extrapolated s(0)turned out to be within 34.7−40.4 keV·*** important role of the asymptotic constant(AC)for the ^(15)N(p,γ0)16O process with interfering ^(3)s_(1)(312)and ^(3)s_(1)(962)resonances is elucidated.A comparison of our calculation for the s-factor with existing experimental and theoretical data is addressed,and a reasonable agreement is *** reaction rate is calculated and compared with the existing *** has negligible dependence on the variation of AC but shows a strong impact of the interference of ^(3)s_(1)(312)and ^(3)s_(1)(962)resonances in reference to the CNO Gamow windows,especially at low *** estimate the contribution of cascade transitions to the reaction rate based on the exclusive experimental data from ***.C.85,065810(2012).The reaction rate enhancement due to the cascade transitions is observed from T_(9)>0.3 and reaches the maximum factor~1.3 at T_(9)=*** present the Gamow energy window and a comparison of rates for radiative proton capture reactions ^(12)N(p,γ)^(13)O,^(13)N(p,γ)^(14)O,^(14)N(p,γ)^(15)O,and ^(15)N(p,γ)^(16)O obtained in the framework of the MPCM and provide the temperature windows,prevalence,and significance of each process.

关键词： low and astrophysical energies p^(15)N system thermonuclear reaction rate potential cluster model CNO-cycle

The autophagy protein Atg9 functions in glia and contributes to parkinsonian symptoms in a Drosophila model of Parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第5期19卷 1150-1155页

作者： shuanglong Yi Linfang Wang Margaret s.Ho shiping Zhang school of Life science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina College of Life sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor deficits,dopaminergic neuron loss,and brain accumulation ofα-synuclein aggregates called Lewy *** in protein degradation pathways,such as autophagy,has been demonstrated in neurons as a critical mechanism for eliminating protein aggregates in Parkinson’s ***,it is less well understood how protein aggregates are eliminated in glia,the other cell type in the *** the present study,we show that autophagy-related gene 9(Atg9),the only transmembrane protein in the autophagy machinery,is highly expressed in Drosophila glia from adult *** from immunostaining and live cell imaging analysis reveal that a portion of Atg9 localizes to the trans-Golgi network,autophagosomes,and lysosomes in ***9 is persistently in contact with these *** glial atg9 reduces the number of omegasomes and autophagosomes,and impairs autophagic substrate *** suggests that glial Atg9 participates in the early steps of autophagy,and hence the control of autophagic ***,loss of glial atg9 induces parkinsonian symptoms in Drosophila including progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons,locomotion deficits,and glial *** findings identify a functional role of Atg9 in glial autophagy and establish a potential link between glial autophagy and Parkinson’s *** results may provide new insights on the underlying mechanism of Parkinson’s disease.

关键词： Atg9 autophagy glia Parkinson’s disease