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Phosphate Sorption Characteristics of Andosols of the Volcanic Highlands of Central African Great Lakes Region

Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2013年第2期2卷 89-96页

作者： cyamweshi rusanganwa athanase John StevenTenywa Peter Ebanyat Moses Tenywa Makooma athanase Mukuralinda athanase Nduwumuremyi Department of Natural Resource Management and Mechanization Rwanda Agriculture Board (RAB) Kigali 5016 Rwanda Department of Agricultural Production College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Makerere University Kampala 7062Uganda World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Butare 227 Rwanda

High phosphate sorption constitutes a critical impediment to agricultural use of Andosols in the volcanic highlands of Central African Great Lakes region. A laboratory experiment was conducted on soil samples collected from an Andosol amended with a factorial combination of lime and P （phosphorus） fertiliser to determine the P sorption characteristics and derive parameter estimates relevant in the prediction and management of P in the Andosols. The potential for sorption of additional P and its binding intensity were evaluated by applying the two-surface Langmuir model to sorption isotherms. The calculated P sorption maxima ranged from 1,667 mg·kg^-1 to 10,000 mg·kg^-1 representing about 95% of the P applied to the soil. The external P requirement ranged from 1,492 mgP·kg^-1 to 2,760 *** which is further evidence that the studied Andosols are high P sorbers. There was no significant effect of lime and P rates on P sorption capacity of the Andosols. Exchangeable iron was highly correlated with P sorption maxima b2 （r = 0.98） on the high energy sites, whereas cation exchange capacity was negatively correlated with P sorption maxima bl （r = 0.999） and positively correlated with P binding energy K1 （r = 0.998） on the low energy sites.

关键词： Phosphate sorption capacity external P requirement two-surface Langmuir model

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Farmers＇ Coping Mechanisms for Common Bean Production under Water-Logged Soil Conditions in Uganda-Rwanda Boarder Region

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2013年第1期2卷 46-52页

作者： cyamweshi rusanganwa athanase John Steven Tenywa Moses Tenywa Makooma John James Okiror Dusengemungu Leonidas Mutimura Mupenzi Musoni Augustine Department of Natural Resource Management and Mechanization Rwanda Agriculture Board (RAB) Kigali 5016 Rwanda Department of Agricultural Production College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Makerere University Kampala 7062 Uganda Department of Extension and Innovation Studies College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Makerere University Kampala 7062 Uganda

Common bean （Phaseolus vulgaris L.） is a staple food and income crop in eastern Africa, especially within the Uganda-Rwanda boarder region where it constitutes a major component of food security. Unfortunately, bush beans are severely affected by frequent water-logging which persists over a considerable period of the year. In spite of this, farmers have continued to cultivate bush bean though with miserable yields. The study aimed to identify farmers＇ indigenous coping mechanisms to the climatic predicament, as a foundation for nurturing and subsequently designing appropriate management strategies for improved bean production in the region. A household survey was conducted in Kisoro district, in a location representative of the ecological conditions of Uganda-Rwanda region. 96 respondents were selected randomly at village level from a list of 500 households provided by the extension workers. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews. Findings showed that farmers possess vital coping mechanisms including construction of ridges, fertiliser application and chemical control of pests and diseases to expedite plant growth, and construction of drainage channels. It is clear that farmers＇ indigenous coping mechanisms need further nurturing and refining to improve their performance in dealing with water-logging crisis in the region.

关键词： Ridges manure drainage channels bush bean.

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