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Why we gather:traditional gathering in native Northwest California and the future of bio-cultural sovereignty

Ecological Processes 2013年第1期2卷 165-174页

作者： cutcha risling baldy Native American Studies University of California-Davis2401 Hart HallOne Shields AvenueDavisCA 95616USA

Introduction:The concept of bio-cultural sovereignty is drawn from Native American Studies scholar Stefano Varese who explores the daily forms of biological and cultural resistance and adaptation in South *** article extends Varese’s notions by exploring biological and cultural resistance in Native California with a particular focus on the continuing cultural practice of ***:This article provides a case study analysis of the Lyng *** Indian Cemetery Protective Association(1988)Supreme Court case and uses traditional ecological knowledge to evaluate how bio-cultural sovereignty is affected by federal land management policies and Western constructions of ecology and the *** methods are based in an interdisciplinary approach that embraces theoretical notions from linguistics,cultural anthropology,law,environmental justice,history,ecology,and Native American ***:As a practitioner of traditional ecological knowledge,I offer an analysis of ecological gathering practices to argue that policies,procedures,methodologies,or experiments should be designed in a way that acknowledges the indigenous bio-cultural sovereignty of the land ***:Tribes have enacted and continue to enact bio-cultural sovereignty,which solidifies their relationship with the *** policies can be used to protect Native interests and to develop a relationship between Native peoples and other *** agencies can benefit from these partnerships as tribes can offer assistance to care for these land spaces,state agencies can alleviate potential funding issues for maintaining these areas,and researchers and academics can construct knowledge that incorporates traditional ecological practices to build solid,informed best practices.

关键词： Traditional ecological knowledge Native American Gathering Bio-cultural sovereignty

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Surgical reconstruction of spinal cord circuit provides functional return in humans

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第12期12卷 1960-1963页

作者： Thomas Carlstedt Nicholas James Marten risling The Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases King's College London Department of Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet

This mini review describes the current surgical strategy for restoring function after traumatic spinal nerve root avulsion in brachial or lumbosacral plexus injury in man. As this lesion is a spinal cord or central nervous injury functional return depends on spinal cord nerve cell growth within the central nervous system. Basic science, clinical research and human application has demonstrated good and useful motor function after ventral root avulsion followed by spinal cord reimplantation. Recently, sensory return could be demonstrated following spinal cord surgery bypassing the injured primary sensory neuron. Experimental data showed that most of the recovery depended on new growth reinnervating peripheral receptors. Restored sensory function and the return of spinal reflex was demonstrated by electrophysiology and functional magnetic resonance imaging of human cortex. This spinal cord surgery is a unique treatment of central nervous system injury resulting in useful functional return. Further improvements will not depend on surgical improvements. Adjuvant therapy aiming at ameliorating the activity in retinoic acid elements in dorsal root ganglion neurons could be a new therapeutic avenue in restoring spinal cord circuits after nerve root avulsion injury.

关键词： plexus injury root avulsion spinal cord surgery motor sensory recovery adjuvant therapy

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