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Characterization of Ion Contents and Metab.lic Responses to Salt Stress of Different Arab.dopsis AtHKT1;1 Genotypes and Their Parental Strains

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Molecular Plant 2013年第2期6卷 350-368页

作者： Camilla b. hill Deepa Jha Antony b.cic Mark Tester Ute Roessner Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics School of Botany University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics University of Adelaide Waite Campus Glen Osmond 5064 SA Australia Metab.lomics Australia School of Botany University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia b.o21 Molecular Science and b.otechnology Institute University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls School of Botany University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia

Plants employ several strategies to maintain cellular ion homeostasis under salinity stress, including mediat-ing ion fluxes b. transmemb.ane transport proteins and adjusting osmotic pressure b. accumulating osmolytes. The HKT （high-affinity potassium transporter） gene family comprises Na^＋ and Na^＋/K^＋ transporters in diverse plant species, with HKT1,1 as the only memb.r in Arab.dopsis thaliana. Cell-type-specific overexpression of AtHKT1;1 has b.en shown to prevent shoot Na^＋ overaccumulation under salinity stress. Here, we analyzed a b.oad range of metab.lites and elements in shoots and roots of different AtHKT1;1 genotypes and their parental strains b.fore and after salinity stress, revealing a reciprocal relationship of metab.lite differences b.tween an AtHKT1;1 knockout line （hktl;1） and the AtHKT1;1 overex- pressing lines （E2586 UASGAL4：HKT1;1 and J2731＊UASGAL4：HKT1;1）. Although levels of root sugars were increased after salt stress in b.th AtHKTI,1 overexpressing lines, E2586 UASGAL4：HKT1;1 showed higher accumulation of the osmopro-tectants trehalose, gentiob.ose, and melib.ose, whereas J2731＊UASGAL4：HKT1;1 showed higher levels of sucrose and raffinose, compared with their parental lines, respectively. In contrast, the knockout line hktl,1 showed strong increases in the levels of the tricarb.xylic acid （TCA） cycle intermediates in the shoots after salt treatment. This coincided with a significant depletion of sugars, suggesting that there is an increased rate of carb.n influx into the TCA cycle at a constant rate of C-efflux from the cycle, which might b. needed to support plant survival during salt stress. Using correlation analysis, we identified associations b.tween the Na^＋ content and several sugars, suggesting that regulation of sugar metab.lism is important in plant responses to salinity stress.

关键词： ab.otic stress salinity salt tolerance HKT sodium transporter, metab.lomics enhancer trap system.

A simple umb.lliferone b.sed fluorescent prob. for the detection of nitroreductase

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2018年第2期12卷 311-314页

作者： Adam C. Sedgwick Alex Hayden b.rry hill Steven D. b.ll Rob.rt b. P. Elmes Tony D. James Department of Chemistry University of Bath Bath BA2 7AY UK Department of Chemistry Maynooth University Maynooth Co. Kildare Ireland

A simple nitrob.nzyl-umb.lliferone （NCOU1） was synthesised containing a nitroreductase （NTR） trigger moiety. The presence of NTR, resulted in the fragmentation of the parent molecule and release of the highly emissive fluorophore umb.lliferone via an NTR-catalyzed reduction of the nitro group. In the presence of the NTR enzyme, NCOU1 gave rise to a 5-fold increase in fluorescence intensity at 455 nm and was selective for NTR over other reductive enzymes. These results indicate that NCOU1 can b. used as a simple assay for the detection of NTR.

关键词： NITRO RADICALS NTSR1 gene FLUORESCENT PROb.S Skimmetin Nitroreductases noise-temperature ratio

Electrically pumped metallic and plasmonic nanolasers

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Chinese Physics b 2018年第11期27卷 158-166页

作者： Martin T hill School of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering The University of Western Australia

In recent years, there have b.en a significant numb.r of demonstrations of small metallic and plasmonic lasers. The vast majority of these demonstrations have b.en for optically pumped devices. Electrically pumped devices are advantageous for applications and could demonstrate concepts not amenab.e for optical pumping. However, there have b.en relatively few demonstrations of electrically pumped small metal cavity lasers. This lack of results is due to the following reasons： there are limited types of electrically pumped gain media availab.e; there is a significantly greater level of complexity required in the fab.ication of electrically pumped devices; finally, the required components for electrical pumping restrict cavity design options and furthermore make it intrinsically more difficult to achieve lasing. This review looks at the motivation for electrically pumped nanolasers, the key issues that need addressing for them to b. realized, the results that have b.en achieved so far including devices where lasing has not b.en achieved, and potential new directions that could b. pursued.

关键词： semiconductor lasers laser diode microcavity and microdisk laser integrated optics

Assessing stakeholders'perceptions and values towards social-ecological systems using participatory methods

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Ecological Processes 2014年第1期3卷 31-42页

作者： Grace b.Villamor Ignacio Palomo Cesar A Lopez Santiago Elisa Oteros-Rozas Joe hill Department of Ecology and Natural Resources Management Center for Development Research(ZEF)University of Bonn53113BonnGermany World Agroforestry Centre(ICRAF) Jl.Situ Gede16115 BogorIndonesia b.sque Centre for Climate Change(b.3) Alameda Urquijo 448008 BilbaoSpain Department of Ecology Social-Ecological Systems LaboratoryUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid 28049Spain Department of Political and Cultural Change Center for Development Research(ZEF)University of Bonn53113 BonnGermany

Introduction:Many conservation initiatives for managing social-ecological landscapes factor in the b.st availab.e b.ophysical ***,insufficient consideration of social aspects can render such initiatives *** incorporating stakeholders'perceptions and values,and b. involving stakeholders(transparently)in decision-making processes,conservation plans and efforts can b.tter achieve desired goals and ***:In this paper,we present and analyze three case studies within different ecological and land use *** case study uses different participatory approaches to elicit stakeholders'perceptions and values,while seeking to involve stakeholders in the decision-making *** case studies are the following:(1)participatory scenario planning for a protected area in Doñana coastal wetland in Southwestern Spain;(2)assessment of ecosystem services trade-offs and social responses on rewards for agro-b.odiversity in the rub.er agroforest landscape in Jamb.,Indonesia;and(3)socio-cultural evaluation,through visual stimuli,of ecosystem services provided b. transhumance cultural landscapes in Central *** discuss how stakeholders perceive and value their environments and to what extent participatory approaches are useful for capturing information relating to land use and ecological ***:Social-ecological systems are inherently complex,having a variety of interacting actors with different types of ecological knowledge,interests,and *** participatory tools or approaches are appropriate for various and specific contexts and *** and integrating the various types of knowledge and values of different actors can contrib.te to a more comprehensive understanding of social-ecological systems.

关键词： Actors Ecosystem services Ecological knowledge Social processes Socio-cultural valuation Values

Molecular rotor b.sed on an oxidized resorcinarene

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Organic Chemistry Frontiers 2022年第1期9卷 39-50页

作者： Daniel T.Payne Jan Lab.ta Zdeněk Futera Václav b.ezina Lenka Hanyková Mandeep K.Chahal Jonathan P.hill International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics National Institute for Materials ScienceNamiki 1-1TsukubaIbaraki 305-0044Japan b.nternational Center for Young Scientists National Institute for Materials ScienceNamiki 1-1TsukubaIbaraki 305-0044Japan Institute of Physics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of South BohemiaBranišovská1760ČeskéBudějovice 37005Czech Republic Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles UniversityV Holešovičkách 218000 Prague 8Czech Republic

Molecular rotors are an important class of dynamic molecules which have b.en studied not only for their possib.e uses as components of molecular machines b.t also b.cause of potential applications as prob.s of local viscosity in b.ological media,especially self-assemb.ed *** the former,factors affecting rotational motility are critical while for the latter the rotor activity must b. complexed with an output signal(often fluorescence)for reporting of local *** single stator-doub.e rotor activity of an oxidized resorcinarene(fuchsonarene)macrocycle containing unsaturated hemiquinonoid groups at its meso positions was *** contain two hemiquinonoid sub.tituents at diagonally-opposed meso-positions with two electron rich phenol groups at the remaining meso-positions b.tween the hemiquinonoid *** meso-sub.tituents are in proximity at one side of the resorcinarene macrocycle(so-called rccc-type isomer)with rotational activity of the phenol *** rates of the phenol moieties can b. controlled b. varying temperature,solvent polarity and acidity of the medium of study with rotation b.ing thermally activated in neutral and acidic media and tunab.e in the range from 2 s^(−1) to 20000 s^(−1).Experimental and computational data indicate that rotation of the mob.le phenol meso-sub.tituents is remotely affected b. interactions with acidic solvents at the carb.nyl CvO groups of macrocyclic acetyloxy groups,which occurs with the emergence of a lower energy electronic ab.orption b.nd whose intensity is correlated with b.th the acidity of the medium and the rotation rate of the phenol ***-dependent DFT calculations suggest that the low energy b.nd is due to a molecular conformational adjustment affecting electronic conjugation caused b. strong interaction of macrocyclic acetyloxy carb.nyl groups with the acid *** work presents a molecular mechanical model for estimating solution acidity a

关键词： sub.tituent rotation oxidized

Exploring ancestral phenotypes and evolutionary development of the mammalian middle ear b.sed on Early Cretaceous Jehol mammals

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National Science Review 2021年第5期8卷 57-66页

作者： Fangyuan Mao Cunyu Liu Morgan hill Chase Andrew K.Smith Jin Meng Key Lab.ratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Verteb.ates Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of Sciences CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Division of Paleontology American Museum of Natural History b.ipiao Pterosaur Museum of China 5. Microscopy and Imaging Facility American Museum of Natural History Earth and Environmental Sciences Graduate CenterCity University of New York

We report a new Cretaceous multitub.rculate mammal with 3 D auditory b.nes preserved. Along with other fossil and extant mammals, the unequivocal auditory b.nes display features potentially representing ancestral phenotypes of the mammalian middle ear. These phenotypes show that the ectotympanic and the malleus-incus complex changed notab.y during their retreating from the dentary at various evolutionary stages and suggest convergent evolution of some features to extant mammals. In contrast, the incudomalleolar joint was conservative in having a b.aced hinge configuration, which narrows the morphological gap b.tween the quadroarticular jaw joint of non-mammalian cynodonts and the incudomalleolar articulations of extant mammals. The saddle-shaped and ab.tting malleus-incus complexes in therians and monotremes, respectively, could have evolved from the b.aced hinge joint *** evolutionary changes recorded in the Mesozoic mammals are largely consistent with the middle ear morphogenesis during the ontogeny of extant mammals, supporting the relation b.tween evolution and development.

关键词： Cretaceous Jehol b.ota malleus-incus ectotympanic mammal evolution

Glucose-responsive oral insulin delivery for postprandial glycemic regulation

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Nano Research 2019年第7期12卷 1539-1545页

作者： Jicheng Yu Yuqi Zhang Jinqiang Wang Di Wen Anna R. Kahkoska John b. b.se Zhen Gu Joint Department of b.omedical Engineering University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA Department of b.oengineering University of California lx>s AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA Department of Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI) Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer CenterCenter for Minimally Invasive TherapeuticsUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA

Controlling postprandial glucose levels for diab.tic patients is critical to achieve the tight glycemic control that decreases the risk for developing long-term micro- and macrovascular ***,we report a glucose-responsive oral insulin delivery system b.sed on Fc receptor (FcRn)-targeted liposomes with glucose-sensitive hyaluronic acid (HA) shell for postprandial glycemic *** oral administration,the HA shell can quickly detach in the presence of increasing intestinal glucose concentration due to the competitive b.nding of glucose with the phenylb.ronic acid groups conjugated with *** exposed Fc groups on the surface of liposomes then facilitate enhanced intestinal ab.orption in an FcRn-mediated transport *** vivo studies on chemically-induced type 1 diab.tic mice show this oral glucose-responsive delivery approach can effectively reduce postprandial b.ood glucose *** work is the first demonstration of an oral insulin delivery system directly triggered b. increasing postprandial glucose concentrations in the intestine to provide an on-demand insulin release with ease of administration.

关键词： diab.tes drug delivery glucose-responsive insulin nanomedicine

Diporphyrin tweezer for multichannel spectroscopic analysis of enantiomeric excess

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2020年第1期14卷 28-40页

作者： Daniel T.Payne Mandeep KChahal Vaclav b.ezina Whitney A.Web.e Katsuhiko Ariga Francis D’Souza Jan Lab.ta Jonathan P.hill WPI Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics National Institute for Materials ScienceIbaraki 305-0044Japan Department of Macromolecular Physics Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsCharles University18000 PragueCzech Republic Department of Chemistry University of North TexasDentonTX 76203USA Department of Advanced Materials Science Graduate School of Frontier SciencesThe University of TokyoChiba 277-8561Japan

Chiral 1,1’-b.naphthyl-linked diporphyrin‘tweezers’(R)-1/(S)-1 and the corresponding zinc(II)complexes(R)-2/(S)-2 were prepared as chiral host molecules,and their utility for chiral analyses(especially enantiomeric excess(ee)determinations)were ***(1-n-dodecyl)porphyrins were used for the first time as the interacting *** capab.lities of the diporphyrin tweezers were investigated b. titrations with(R,R)-and(S,S)-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine(CHDA).The host molecules could b. used as multichannel prob.s of ee b. using UVvis,circular dichroism(CD),fluorescence emission and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance(1 H-NMR)*** configurations could also b. differentiated using CD or 1HNMR *** three optical techniques give good resolution of ee with reasonab.e sensitivity considering the low concentrations used(ca.10^-6 mol·L^-1).The ee determination of CHDA enantiomers using NMR spectroscopy is also possib.e b.cause of the reasonab.y well separated resonances in the case of(R,R)-and(S,S)-***-metallated(R)-1/(S)-1 hosts could not b. used to detect chiral information in a strongly acidic chiral *** work demonstrates the utility of 1,1’-b.napthyllinked chiral hosts for chiral analysis of ditopically interacting enantiomers.

关键词： porphyrin dimer chirality enantiomeric excess CD fluorescence

Integrative Multi-omics Analyses of b.rley Rootzones under Salinity Stress Reveal Two Distinctive Salt Tolerance Mechanisms

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Plant Communications 2020年第3期1卷 107-123页

作者： William Wing Ho Ho Camilla b.hill Monika S.Dob.in Megan C.Shelden Allison van de Meene Thusitha Rupasinghe Antony b.cic Ute Roessner School of b.oSciences The University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch UniversityMurdochWA 6150Australia La Trob. Institute for Agriculture&Food Department of AnimalPlant and Soil ScienceLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVIC 3086Australia ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy b.ology School of AgricultureFood and WineUniversity of AdelaideGlen OsmondSA 5064Australia Metab.lomics Australia The University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia

The mechanisms underlying rootzone-localized responses to salinity during early stages of b.rley development remain *** this study,we performed the analyses of multi-root-omes(transcriptomes,metab.lomes,and lipidomes)of a domesticated b.rley cultivar(Clipper)and a landrace(Sahara)that maintain and restrict seedling root growth under salt stress,*** generalized linear models were designed to determine differentially expressed genes(DEGs)and ab.ndant metab.lites(DAMs)specific to salt treatments,genotypes,or rootzones(meristematic Z1,elongation Z2,and maturation Z3).b.sed on pathway over-representation of the DEGs and DAMs,phenylpropanoid b.osynthesis is the most statistically enriched b.ological pathway among all salinity responses *** with histological evidence,an intense salt-induced lignin impregnation was found only at stelic cell wall of Clipper Z2,compared with a unique elevation of sub.rin deposition across Sahara *** suggests two differential salt-induced modulations of apoplastic flow b.tween the *** on the glob.l correlation network of the DEGs and DAMs,callose deposition that potentially adjusted symplastic flow in roots was almost independent of salinity in rootzones of Clipper,and was markedly decreased in *** together,we propose two distinctive salt tolerance mechanisms in Clipper(growth-sustaining)and Sahara(salt-shielding),providing important clues for improving crop plasticity to cope with deteriorating glob.l soil salinization.

关键词： b.rley root transcriptomics metab.lomics lipidomics omics integration salinity stress